DDEvENet: Evidence-based ensemble learning for uncertainty-aware brain parcellation using diffusion MRI.

In this study, we developed an Evidential Ensemble Neural Network based on Deep learning and Diffusion MRI, namely DDEvENet, for anatomical brain parcellation. The key innovation of DDEvENet is the design of an evidential deep learning framework to quantify predictive uncertainty at each voxel during a single inference. To do so, we design an evidence-based ensemble learning framework for uncertainty-aware parcellation to leverage the multiple dMRI parameters derived from diffusion MRI.

Improving the Reliability of Language Model-Predicted Structures as Docking Targets through Geometric Graph Learning.

Applying artificial intelligence techniques to flexibly model the binding between the ligand and protein has attracted extensive interest in recent years, but their applicability remains improved. In this study, we have developed CarsiDock-Flex, a novel two-step flexible docking paradigm that generates binding poses directly from predicted structures. CarsiDock-Flex consists of an equivariant deep learning-based model termed CarsiInduce to refine ESMFold-predicted protein pockets with the induction of specific ligands and our existing CarsiDock algorithm to redock the ligand into the induced binding pockets.

Sexually dimorphic dopaminergic circuits determine sex preference.

Sociosexual preference is critical for reproduction and survival. However, neural mechanisms encoding social decisions on sex preference remain unclear. In this study, we show that both male and female mice exhibit female preference but shift to male preference when facing survival threats; their preference is mediated by the dimorphic changes in the excitability of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic (VTA) neurons.

Machine Learning Approach for Sepsis Risk Assessment in Ischemic Stroke Patients.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a critical neurological condition, with infection representing a significant aspect of its clinical management. Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from infection, is among the most dangerous complications in the intensive care unit (ICU). Currently, no model exists to predict the onset of sepsis in ischemic stroke patients.

Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and MELD score for short-term survival of patients with HBV-DeCi.

Objective: The prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) combined with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was evaluated for hepatitis B virus-associated decompensated cirrhosis (HBV-DeCi).

Methods: The 30-day mortality of 166 hBV-DeCi patients was examined. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to assess the performance of NLR for prediction of poor outcomes.

The positive feedback loop between SP1 and MAP2K2 significantly drives resistance to VEGFR inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common and aggressive malignancies of the urinary system. Despite being the first-line treatment for advanced ccRCC, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (VEGFRis) face significant limitations due to both initial and acquired resistance, which impede complete tumor eradication. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 library screening approach, was identified as a resistance-associated gene for three prevalent VEGFRis (Sunitinib, Axitinib, and Sorafenib).

A Rare Case with Recurrent Abdominal Pain as the First Symptom: AL Amyloidosis with Colon Involvement Combined with Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Amyloidosis combined with lung cancer is a rare occurrence. To date, there are no reported cases of amyloid light-chain(AL) amyloidosis solely affecting the colon combined with pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Case Summary: Here, we describe a case of a 66-year-old woman who presented with recurrent abdominal pain and was eventually diagnosed with AL amyloidosis with colon involvement and pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Experience of post-traumatic growth among parents of children with biliary atresia undergoing living-related liver transplantation: a descriptive phenomenological study.

To explore the experience of post-traumatic growth among parents of children with biliary atresia undergoing living-related liver transplantation.: Participants were recruited within 2 weeks of their child's transplant surgery using purposive sampling. Transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's descriptive analysis framework, with collaborative analysis conducted using NVivo 12 software and a post-traumatic growth model.

Blinatumomab added to conditioning regimen of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult MRDpositive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a single-center case series.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) remains the mainstay of treatment for adults with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Due to the crucial role of measurable residual disease (MRD) before Allo-HSCT in predicting relapse and the promising anti-leukemia effect of blinatumomab, we documented a short-course, low-dose conditioning regimen incorporating blinatumomab for Allo-HSCT in three ALL patients with positive MRD. Following the administration of the blinatumomab-containing conditioning regimen, all patients attained complete remission (CR) with negative MRD status, and no severe adverse events were observed.

Intermittent Fasting Enhances Motor Coordination Through Myelin Preservation in Aged Mice.

Integrating dietary interventions have been extensively studied for their health benefits, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and aging. However, it is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms of long-term effects and practical applications of these dietary interventions for health. A 10-week intermittent fasting (IMF) regimen was implemented on the aging animals in the current study.

Chemerin-9 is neuroprotective in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting microglial clearance of Aβ.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, and microglia are thought to play a central role in neuroinflammatory events occurring in AD. Chemerin, an adipokine, has been implicated in inflammatory diseases and central nervous system disorders, yet its precise function on microglial response in AD remains unknown.

Methods: The APP/PS1 mice were treated with different dosages of chemerin-9 (30 and 60 µg/kg), a bioactive nonapeptide derived from chemerin, every other day for 8 weeks consecutively.

Ultrasound localization microscopy in the diagnosis of breast tumors and prediction of relevant histologic biomarkers associated with prognosis in humans: the protocol for a prospective, multicenter study.

Background: Benign and malignant breast tumors differ in their microvasculature morphology and distribution. Histologic biomarkers of malignant breast tumors are also correlated with the microvasculature. There is a lack of imaging technology for evaluating the microvasculature.

The beneficial effect of adding belimumab in severe and refractory IgA nephropathy: a case report.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary glomerular diseases worldwide and is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China. It lacks recommended treatment in refractory IgAN after conventional therapy. Belimumab, a recombinant human IgG-1λ monoclonal antibody that inhibits the B lymphocyte stimulator, is recommended to treat active lupus nephritis.

Senescent retinal pigment epithelial cells promote angiogenesis in choroidal neovascularization via the TAK1/p38 MAPK pathway.

Senescent retinal pigment epithelial cells play a key role in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD); however, the mechanisms underlying the angiogenic ability of these cells remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of the senescent adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line-19 (ARPE-19) on wound healing, cell migration and survival, and tube formation abilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Additionally, we used Brown Norway rats to establish a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model for further nAMD-related studies.

Inferring metabolic objectives and trade-offs in single cells during embryogenesis.

While proliferating cells optimize their metabolism to produce biomass, the metabolic objectives of cells that perform non-proliferative tasks are unclear. The opposing requirements for optimizing each objective result in a trade-off that forces single cells to prioritize their metabolic needs and optimally allocate limited resources. Here, we present single-cell optimization objective and trade-off inference (SCOOTI), which infers metabolic objectives and trade-offs in biological systems by integrating bulk and single-cell omics data, using metabolic modeling and machine learning.

Optimized BCMA/CS1 bispecific TRuC-T cells secreting IL-7 and CCL21 robustly control multiple myeloma.

Introduction: Challenges remain in reducing antigen escape and tumor recurrence while CAR-T cell therapy has substantially improved outcomes in the treatment of multiple myeloma. T cell receptor fusion construct (TRuC)-T cells, which utilize intact T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex to eliminate tumor cells in a non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner, represent a promising strategy. Moreover, interleukin-7 (IL-7) is known to enhance the proliferation and survival of T cells.

Advancing the clinical assessment of glomerular podocyte pathology in kidney biopsies via super-resolution microscopy and angiopoietin-like 4 staining.

The tertiary structure of normal podocytes prevents protein from leaking into the urine. However, observing the complexity of podocytes is challenging because of the scale differences in their three-dimensional structure and the close proximity between neighboring cells in space. In this study, we explored podocyte-secreted angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) as a potential morphological marker via super-resolution microscopy (SRM).

Erratum: Piezo1 specific deletion in macrophage protects the progression of liver fibrosis in mice: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.86103.

Vitamin A and its influence on tumour extracellular matrix.

Vitamin A is a crucial nutrient renowned for its role in visual health and cellular regulation. Its derivatives influence cell differentiation, proliferation, and tissue homeostasis, making them significant in cancer research due to their effects on both normal and tumour cells. This review explores the intricate relationship between vitamin A metabolism and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cancer.

PRMT1-mediated BRD4 arginine methylation and phosphorylation promote partial epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and renal fibrosis.

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) plays a vital role in fibrosis of various organs. However, the underlying mechanism of BRD4 in renal fibrosis remains unclear. To construct in vitro and in vivo models of renal fibrosis, TCMK-1 cells were subjected to TGF-β1 treatment and mice were subjected to UUO surgery and adenine induction.

Post-laparoscopic Shoulder Pain Management: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Post-laparoscopic shoulder pain (PLSP) can slow patient recovery and extend hospital stays, making its management crucial for patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Current consensus guidelines say little about how to prevent or manage PLSP. In this context, a multimodal approach to PLSP management that maybe extend beyond the pharmaceutical interventions currently employed.

Single-dose suraxavir marboxil for acute uncomplicated influenza in adults and adolescents: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

Suraxavir marboxil (GP681) is an antiviral drug inhibiting the polymerase acidic protein (PA) of RNA polymerase, of influenza. It has shown therapeutic activity against influenza A and B virus infections in preclinical studies. In this multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of single-dose suraxavir marboxil (40-mg oral dose) in otherwise healthy outpatients aged 5-65 years with uncomplicated influenza unaccompanied by severe issues.