Evaluation of an enhanced ResNet-18 classification model for rapid On-site diagnosis in respiratory cytology.

Objective: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of respiratory cytology specimens is a critical technique for accurate and timely diagnosis of lung cancer. However, in China, limited familiarity with the Diff-Quik staining method and a shortage of trained cytopathologists hamper utilization of ROSE. Therefore, developing an improved deep learning model to assist clinicians in promptly and accurately evaluating Diff-Quik stained cytology samples during ROSE has important clinical value.

Evaluating the weight-adjusted waist index as a predictive tool for sarcopenia and mortality risk.

Purpose: The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a novel anthropometric measure. WWI is linked to reduced muscle mass and strength; however, its efficacy for assessing sarcopenia and predicting adverse outcomes has yet to be validated. This study compared and examined the relationship between sarcopenia and WWI across different diagnostic criteria and aimed to evaluate its potential as a predictor of sarcopenia and all-cause mortality.

Influence of Postmastectomy Radiotherapy on Overall Survival in Patients With Clinical Prognostic Stage I-III Breast Cancer With Positive Responses and Achieving YPN0 Following Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Propensity Score Matching Based on the SEER Database.

Introduction: The role of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in clinical prognostic stage I-III breast cancer patients with positive responses and achieving ypN0 after Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is controversial.

Methods: 3557 patients with TNM clinical prognostic stage (AJCC 8th Edition) I-III breast cancer with positive responses and achieving ypN0 following neoadjuvant therapy were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and followed through the end of 2020. COX proportional hazards models were employed to examine the associations between clinical or pathological parameters and OS.

A retrospective analysis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia: focus on T and B lymphocyte reconstitution.

Background: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is often refractory and relapsing, leading to increased mortality post-HSCT.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) who underwent allo-HSCT to study their clinical features, the occurrence of AIHA post-HSCT, and treatment response and to explore the possible pathogenesis of AIHA.

Result: A total of 113 patients were registered in the study, out of whom 14 developed AIHA following allo-HSCT, resulting in a cumulative incidence of 12.

Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Accuracy of Capillary Blood for Assessing Vitamin A Nutritional Status Among Children Under 7 Years of Age: A Multicenter Study.

Vitamin A deficiency remains a major public health problem worldwide, particularly among young children. Capillary blood has the potential for application in vitamin A assessment. The aim of this study is to validate the accuracy of capillary blood for assessing vitamin A nutritional status among young children.

ABCA1 promote tumor environment heterogeneity via epithelial mesenchymal transition in Huh7 and HepG2 liver cancer cell.

In this study, we delve into the intrinsic mechanisms of cell communication in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Initially, employing single-cell sequencing, we analyze multiple malignant cell subpopulations and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subpopulations, revealing their interplay through receptor-ligand interactions, with a particular focus on SPP1. Subsequently, employing unsupervised clustering analysis, we delineate two clusters, C1 and C2, and compare their infiltration characteristics using various tools and metrics, uncovering heightened cytotoxicity and overall invasion abundance in C1.

A nomogram model to predict the high risk of lower live birth probability in young women undergoing the first IVF-ET cycle: a retrospective study.

Objective: To build a prediction nomogram for early prediction of live birth probabilities according to number of oocytes retrieved in women ≤ 35 years of age.

Methods: A prediction model was built including 9265 infertile women ≤ 35 years of age accepting their first ovum pick-up cycle from January 2018 to December 2022. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed to identify independent predictors and establish a nomogram to predict reproductive outcomes.

Label credibility correction based on cell morphological differences for cervical cells classification.

Cervical cancer is one of the deadliest cancers that pose a significant threat to women's health. Early detection and treatment are commonly used methods to prevent cervical cancer. The use of pathological image analysis techniques for the automatic interpretation of cervical cells in pathological slides is a prominent area of research in the field of digital medicine.

E3 ligase FBXW7 suppresses brown fat expansion and browning of white fat.

Thermogenic fat, including brown and beige fat, dissipates heat via thermogenesis and enhances energy expenditure. Thus, its activation represents a therapeutic strategy to combat obesity. Here, we demonstrate that levels of F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7), an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, negatively correlate with thermogenic fat functionality.

Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome.

Background: Glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS) was initially reported by De Vivo and colleagues in 1991. This disease arises from mutations in the SLC2A1 and presents with a broad clinical spectrum. It is a treatable neuro-metabolic condition, where prompt diagnosis and initiation of ketogenic dietary therapy can markedly enhance the prognosis.

Mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticle neuroconduit for the biological therapy targeting oxidative stress reduction, inflammation inhibition, and nerve regeneration.

The applications of nanomaterials in regenerative medicine encompass a broad spectrum. The functional nanomaterials, such as Prussian blue and its derivative nanoparticles, exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. By combining it with the corresponding scaffold carrier, the fusion of nanomaterials and biotherapy can be achieved, thereby providing a potential avenue for clinical treatment.

Immunometabolic shifts in autoimmune disease: Mechanisms and pathophysiological implications.

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system abnormally attacks the body's normal tissues, causing inflammation and damage. Each disease has unique immune and metabolic dysfunctions during pathogenesis. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), immune cells have different metabolic patterns and mitochondrial/lysosomal dysfunctions at different disease stages.

Development of a nomogram model for early prediction of refractory convulsive status epilepticus.

Introduction: We aim to identify risk factors that predict refractory convulsive status epilepticus (RCSE) and to develop a model for early recognition of patients at high risk for RCSE.

Methods: This study involved 200 patients diagnosed with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), of whom 73 were RCSE and 127 were non-RCSE. Variables included demographic information, lifestyle factors, medical history, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, neuroimaging characteristics, laboratory tests, and nutritional scores.

Identification and validation of the nicotine metabolism-related signature of bladder cancer by bioinformatics and machine learning.

Background: Several studies indicate that smoking is one of the major risk factors for bladder cancer. Nicotine and its metabolites, the main components of tobacco, have been found to be strongly linked to the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer. However, the function of nicotine metabolism-related genes (NRGs) in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) are still unclear.

Microwave ablation versus radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Background: The efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with decompensated cirrhosis remains unclear.

Methods: A total of 315 patients with decompensated cirrhosis and HCC who underwent MWA or RFA were recruited. Recurrence beyond the Milan criteria (RBM), local tumor progression (LTP), overall survival (OS), and complications were evaluated and compared.

Roles of blood monocytes carrying TREM2 mutation in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and its therapeutic potential in APP/PS1 mice.

Introduction: The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) arginine-47-histidine (R47H) mutation is a significant risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with unclear mechanisms. Previous studies focused on microglial amyloid-β (Aβ) phagocytosis with less attention on the impact of TREM2 mutation on blood monocytes.

Methods: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models were used to assess the contribution of blood monocytes carrying TREM2 mutation to AD.

Predicting vulnerability status of carotid plaques using CTA-based quantitative analysis.

The study aimed to develop a radiomics model to assess carotid artery plaque vulnerability using CTA images. It retrospectively included 107 patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent carotid artery stenting (CAS) from 2017 to 2022. Patients were categorized into stable and vulnerable plaque groups based on pathology.

Bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs germacrone protection on diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent and severe microvascular diabetic complication. Despite the recent developments in germacrone-based therapies for DN, the underlying mechanisms of germacrone in DN remain poorly understood. This study used comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to identify critical microRNAs (miRNAs) and the potential underlying pathways related to germacrone activities.

Determining the effective dose of esketamine combined with propofol for painless hysteroscopy: a prospective dose-finding study.

Background: The combination of esketamine and propofol has become a common choice for total intravenous anesthesia in hysteroscopic procedures. However, the optimal effective dose has not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to determine the median effective dose (ED) and 95% effective dose (ED) of esketamine compounded with propofol for painless hysteroscopy.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of combining lenalidomide with R-CHOP for treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in China.

Background: Lenalidomide is a thalidomide analog that has immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic properties. The ECOC-ACRIN E1412 Phase II trial demonstrated that lenalidomide, when combined with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), extended survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of combining lenalidomide with R-CHOP (R2-CHOP) versus R-CHOP alone as the initial treatment for DLBCL from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.