Revolutionizing diagnosis of pulmonary based on CT: a systematic review of imaging analysis through deep learning.

Introduction: The mortality rate associated with (MTB) has seen a significant rise in regions heavily affected by the disease over the past few decades. The traditional methods for diagnosing and differentiating tuberculosis (TB) remain thorny issues, particularly in areas with a high TB epidemic and inadequate resources. Processing numerous images can be time-consuming and tedious.

Identification of depressive symptoms in adolescents using machine learning combining childhood and adolescence features.

Background: Depressive symptoms in adolescents can significantly affect their daily lives and pose risks to their future development. These symptoms may be linked to various factors experienced during both childhood and adolescence. Machine learning (ML) has attracted substantial attention in the field of adolescent depression; however, studies establishing prediction models have primarily considered childhood or adolescent features separately, resulting in a lack of analyses that incorporate factors from both stages.

Multiple time points for detecting circulating tumor DNA to monitor the response to neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: Not all breast cancer (BC) patients can benefit from neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). A poor response may result in patients missing the best opportunity for treatment, ultimately leading to a poor prognosis. Thus, to identify an effective predictor that can assess and predict patient response at early time points, we focused on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), which is a vital noninvasive liquid biopsy biomarker.

First-line cadonilimab plus chemotherapy in HER2-negative advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy have been the standard of care in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma; however, the survival benefits are modest in patients with low programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Here we investigated the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (PD-1/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) bispecific antibody) plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. The prespecified interim analysis is reported here.

Prevalence of malnutrition among adult inpatients in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Malnutrition substantially contributes to adverse clinical outcomes. However, no national survey has been conducted to characterize its epidemiology in hospital settings in China. We conducted the China Nutrition Fundamental Data 2020 project among a multistage stratified cluster sample of adult inpatients from 291 study sites across 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (except for Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan Province, and the Xizang Autonomous Region, please see MATERIALS AND METHODS for details of the causes) of China to generate reliable data on the prevalence of malnutrition and explore the associated risk factors.

Artesunate-multiple pharmacological effects beyond treating malaria.

Artesunate, a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin, is not only recommended as the first-line drug for treating severe malaria but is also a significant member of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs), used in combination with other artemisinin derivatives for treating uncomplicated malaria. Beyond its potent anti-malarial activity, artesunate has garnered considerable attention for its pharmacological effects, which encompass broad-spectrum anti-tumor, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has collectively demonstrated superior drug tolerance, low toxicity, and mild side effects in cell line experiments in vitro, experimental animal models, and clinical drug researches, as a monotherapy or in combination with other agents.

Targeting ARPC1B Overcomes Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Resistance in Glioblastoma by Reversing Pro-tumorigenic Macrophage Polarization.

Immunotherapy has elicited significant improvements in outcomes for patients with several tumor types. However, the immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioblastoma restricts the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). In this study, we investigated which components of the immune microenvironment contribute to ICB failure in glioblastoma to elucidate the underlying causes of immunotherapeutic resistance.

Application value of two-dimensional ultrasound and shear-wave elastography parameters in evaluating sarcopenia with essential hypertension.

Background: Patients with essential hypertension have a high risk of muscle mass and strength decline. Ultrasound is a promising method for assessing sarcopenia. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between ultrasound and shear-wave elastography (SWE) features, and muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, and to assess the clinical applicability of ultrasound in the diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with essential hypertension.

Bibliometric analysis of research on the application of deep learning to ophthalmology.

Background: Recently, deep learning has become a popular area of research, and has revolutionized the diagnosis and prediction of ocular diseases, especially fundus diseases. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of deep learning in the field of ophthalmology to describe international research trends and examine the current research directions.

Methods: This cross-sectional bibliometric analysis examined the development of research on deep learning in the field of ophthalmology and its sub-topics from 2015 to 2024.

Clinical study of colorViz fusion image vascular grading based on multi-phase CTA reconstruction in acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ColorViz fused images from multi-phase computed tomography angiography (mCTA) using GE Healthcare's FastStroke software for newly diagnosed cerebral infarctions in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: A total of 106 AIS patients with unilateral anterior circulation occlusion were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent mCTA scans during the arterial peak phase, venous peak phase, and venous late phase.

Evolved enzymes in the metabolism of biological poly-acids: Applications in otolaryngological biocatalysis.

This study explores evolved Hyaluronidase, Lipase, and Elastase's identification, characterization, and therapeutic potential to enhance tissue regeneration and drug delivery systems in otolaryngology. Hyaluronidase variant H5 exhibited a turnover number (k_cat) of 1500 min, a 200 % increase over wild-type (500 min), demonstrating superior hyaluronic acid degradation. Similarly, lipase variant L2 reached 1200 min (400 min wild-type), and elastase variant E3 showed a turnover of 2200 min (1000 min wild-type).

Exosomes: Key Messengers Mediating the Interaction Between Tumor Cells and CD8 T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment.

In recent years, with an increasingly profound comprehension of the tumor microenvironment, it has been discovered that the constituent cells within the immune microenvironment, such as macrophages, CD4T cells, and CD8T cells, interact with tumor cells in manners conducive to tumorigenesis and progression. Exosomes play a pivotal role as essential mediators for intercellular material exchange and signal transmission in this context. Tumor cell-derived exosomes carrying cargo such as PD-L1 and ncRNAs engage with CD8T cells to induce cytotoxic responses and facilitate immune evasion, thereby promoting tumor advancement.

Deciphering the pseudouridine nucleobase modification in human diseases: From molecular mechanisms to clinical perspectives.

RNA pseudouridylation, a dynamic and reversible post-transcriptional modification found in diverse RNA species, is crucial for various biological processes, including tRNA homeostasis, tRNA transport, translation initiation regulation, pre-mRNA splicing, enhancement of mRNA translation, and translational fidelity. Disruption of pseudouridylation impairs cellular homeostasis, contributing to pathological alterations. Recent studies have highlighted its regulatory role in human diseases, particularly in tumourigenesis.

Methyltransferase-like 7B participates in bladder cancer via ACSL3 mA modification in a ferroptosis manner.

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor. Methyltransferase-like 7B (MEETL7B) is a methyltransferase and its role in BC has not yet been revealed.

Method: Stable METTL7B knockdown or overexpression were achieved by lentiviral transduction in SW780 and TCCSUP cell lines.

An investigation into cleaning quality of suction-type metal lumen instruments: a cross-sectional study.

The highest unqualified cleaning rate of suction-type lumen instruments is a major challenge for a central sterile supply department (CSSD). However, A few comprehensive studies have analyzed the main factors affecting cleaning quality. In response, this study aimed to explore the current state and the factors affecting the cleaning quality of reused suction-type metal lumen instruments in CSSD.

Phenotypic age mediates the associations between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a novel indicator of inflammation, but research on the links and mechanisms between the PLR and long-term health conditions is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between phenotypic age (PhenoAge) mediated PLR and mortality among US adults.

Methods: A total of 37,182 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (1999-2018) were included to evaluate the PLR's relevance to survival by Cox regression models.

Osimertinib as a neoadjuvant therapy in resectable EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a real-world, multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been authorized for use in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of neoadjuvant osimertinib in individuals with resectable locally advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutation.

Methods: Ten centers located in mainland China took part in a single-arm, real-world, multicenter retrospective study (registration number: ChiCTR2100049954).

Association of composite dietary antioxidant index with circadian syndrome: evidence from NHANES.

Background: The Circadian Syndrome (CircS) has been linked to various chronic diseases. However, the relationship between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and CircS has remained unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between CDAI and CircS.

Differential Connectivity Patterns of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: A Large-scale Brain Network Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), significantly impact the quality of life in older adults. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a critical stage for intervention and can predict the development of dementia. The causes of these two diseases are not fully understood, but there is an overlap in their neuropathology.

The multifaceted roles of macrophages in the transition from hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma: From mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.

Macrophages are central to the progression from hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with their remarkable plasticity and ability to adapt to the changing liver microenvironment. Chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately tumorigenesis are driven by macrophage activation, making them key regulators of liver disease progression. This review explores the diverse roles of macrophages in the transition from hepatitis to HCC.

IBI310 plus sintilimab vs. placebo plus sintilimab in recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Background: It remains unclear whether adding CTLA-4 blockade to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade improves clinical outcomes in cervical cancer (CC).

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04590599), patients with recurrent/metastatic CC (R/M CC) who experienced disease progression after or during platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled from 37 centers across China and randomly assigned (1:1), stratified by PD-L1 expression and prior treatment lines, to receive either IBI310 plus sintilimab or placebo plus sintilimab intravenously every 3 weeks for 12 weeks, followed by sintilimab alone.

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse clinical and molecular characteristics, characterized by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as promising therapies for STS, yet comprehensive evaluations of their efficacy, especially in combination with other treatments, are scarce.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on ICIs in STS treatment, sourced from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to May 31, 2024.