Outcome of surgical treatment of primary and secondary glaucoma in young children.

Purpose: To describe a paediatric cohort surgically treated for primary or secondary glaucoma (PG/SG), with regard to incidences, visual outcome and control of intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods: All children (n = 29, 42 eyes in total) surgically treated for PG or SG at the age of 4 years or younger between January 2002 and December 2010 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Mölndal were retrospectively studied through medical records. Median follow-up time after initial surgery was 5.

Clinical outcomes and rotational stability of a 4-haptic toric intraocular lens in myopic eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the refractive outcomes and rotational stability of a 4-haptic toric intraocular lens (IOL) in myopic eyes and the correlations between IOL rotation and refractive sphere, axial length (AL), and white-to-white (WTW) diameter.

Setting: Eye Clinic, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Design: Prospective case series.

Corneal wavefront-guided customized laser in situ keratomileusis after penetrating keratoplasty.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of corneal wavefront-guided custom laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) to correct refractive errors and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).

Setting: Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Design: Noncomparative case series.

Outcomes of a new diffractive trifocal intraocular lens.

Purpose: To evaluate refractive and visual parameters related to distance, intermediate, and near vision after cataract surgery and the optical quality of a new diffractive trifocal intraocular lens (IOL).

Setting: Vissum Instituto Oftalmologico de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.

Design: Case series.

The effect of socioeconomic deprivation on corneal graft survival in the United Kingdom.

Objective: To investigate the effect of socioeconomic deprivation on cornea graft survival in the United Kingdom.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: All the recipients (n = 13,644) undergoing their first penetrating keratoplasty (PK) registered on the United Kingdom Transplant Registry between April 1999 and March 2011 were included.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in patients with acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To describe the appearance of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis, a rare ocular manifestation of syphilis, on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) both before and after treatment.

Methods: Ophthalmic examination and imaging studies of 30 eyes of 19 confirmed cases were analyzed both at the time of presentation and at each follow-up visit. Patients with SD OCT and fluorescein angiography at the time of presentation, and at least three documented follow-up visits after initiation of therapy, were included in the study.

Successful treatment of an overlapping choriocapillaritis between multifocal choroiditis and acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) with adalimumab (Humira™).

To report a case of overlapping choriocapillaritis that initially presented as multifocal choroiditis (MFC) but later showed features compatible with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) resistant to standard immunosuppression that responded only to adalimumad therapy. A 41-year-old patient presented with multiple small, discrete yellow-whitish spots in both eyes, compatible with MFC. A few weeks later, despite treatment with sub-Tenon and systemic corticosteroids, a choroidal neovascularization occurred in the right eye.

Relationship between socioeconomic deprivation or urban/rural residence and visual acuity before cataract surgery in Northern Scotland.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors on visual acuity before cataract surgery. 


Methods: The medical case notes of 240 consecutive patients listed for cataract surgery from January 1, 2010, at Grampian University Hospital, Aberdeen, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with ocular comorbidity were excluded.

Anti vascular endothelial growth factor sequential therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: is this the new deal?

Objective: To review clinical data on the sequential use of the non-selective vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors (ranibizumab and bevacizumab) and the selective VEGF inhibitor (pegaptanib) in the treatment of neovascular age related macular degeneration (n-AMD).

Methods: This is a selective review of the literature based on a PubMed search using the terms 'age-related macular degeneration', 'selective anti-VEGF', 'non-selective anti-VEGF' and 'combination therapy' from 2000 to date in the English language. Studies on the management of n-AMD reporting adherence, patient-reported outcomes, costs, side effects, resource use and cost effectiveness were also included.

Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence findings in a case of purtscher-like retinopathy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe spectral domain-optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence images in a case of bilateral Purtscher-like retinopathy.

Methods: This is an observational case report of a 31-year-old man suffering with Purtscher-like retinopathy postpancreatitis.

Results: In the acute phase, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography showed hyperreflectivity in the inner retinal layers, corresponding to cotton-wool exudation as a result of precapillary ischemia.

Cystoid changes within astrocytic hamartomas of the retina in tuberous sclerosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report two unusual cases of cavitations within astrocytic hamartoma, a feature that causes the tumor to appear cystic. To our knowledge, this is the first report on cavitary astrocytic hamartoma.

Methods: In this observational case report, we identify two cases of cavitary astrocytic hamartoma imaged recently with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography.

Adalimumab (Humira™): a promising monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha in ophthalmology.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a key soluble mediator involved in the inflammatory cascade of many disorders including uveitis. Among the anti-TNF-α agents, one of the most used in immune-mediated diseases, such as inflammatory arthropathies, is adalimumab (Humira™, Abbott Pharmaceutical Inc.), a fully humanized antibody.

Adalimumab (humira™) in ophthalmology: a review of the literature.

Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine which plays a primary role in the induction of inflammation in autoimmune diseases. The newest anti-TNF-α agent is adalimumab (Humira, Abbott Pharmaceutical Inc.), a human-derived antibody.

Inflammatory choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose And Methods: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) can be a severe sight-threatening sequela, which can be secondary to both infectious and noninfectious uveitis. This review summarizes the different diseases associated with CNV, highlighting new treatment modalities and the possible strategies, which could be applied for the therapy of this occurrence.

Results: Since CNV can often originate from posterior pole lesions and can be hard to identify, an accurate examination is mandatory in order to identify the correct diagnosis.

Myocutaneous pedicle flap combined with a free skin graft for upper eyelid reconstruction.

Purpose: Repair of large upper eyelid defects can be accomplished by both 1-stage and 2-stage techniques some of which are complicated and time consuming. I here present a simple 1-stage technique for upper eyelid reconstruction.

Methods: The records and the peroperative and postoperative photographs of two patients who underwent reconstruction of large full-thickness upper eyelid defects after tumor removal were reviewed.

Association of systemic steroids and mycophenolate mofetil as rescue therapy for uveitic choroidal neovascularization unresponsive to the traditional immunosuppressants: interventional case series.

To study the efficacy of systemic steroids (SS) associated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the control of juxta/sub-foveal uveitic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) unresponsive to the traditional immunosuppressive agents. Patients with juxta/sub-foveal uveitic CNV unresponsive to the traditional immunosuppressive drugs were treated with SS and MMF. The study was designed as a prospective, consecutive, open-label, interventional case series.

Long-term control of choroidal neovascularisation secondary to angioid streaks treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin).

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IB) in the long-term control of subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) associated with angioid streaks (AS).

Methods: Patients with unilateral active CNV associated with AS were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were previous treatment for CNV and comorbidity.

Detection of visual-field deterioration by Glaucoma Progression Analysis and Threshold Noiseless Trend programs.

Background: To compare the ability of Glaucoma Progression Analysis (GPA) and Threshold Noiseless Trend (TNT) programs to detect visual-field deterioration.

Methods: Patients with open-angle glaucoma followed for a minimum of 2 years and a minimum of seven reliable visual fields were included. Progression was assessed subjectively by four masked glaucoma experts, and compared with GPA and TNT results.

Post-cataract surgery cystoid macular edema from choriocapillaris submacular leakage in a patient with crohn disease: a case report.

Purpose: To describe an unusual case of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery in a patient with Crohn disease.

Methods: A confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopic study was performed on one eye before and after systemic corticosteroid treatment. Both fluorescein and indocyanine green angiograms were used to visualize vascular leakage.

The accuracy of accredited glaucoma optometrists in the diagnosis and treatment recommendation for glaucoma.

Aim: To compare the diagnostic performance of accredited glaucoma optometrists (AGO) for both the diagnosis of glaucoma and the decision to treat with that of routine hospital eye care, against a reference standard of expert opinion (a consultant ophthalmologist with a special interest in glaucoma).

Methods: A directly comparative, masked, performance study was undertaken in Grampian, Scotland. Of 165 people invited to participate, 100 (61%) were examined.

Anatomy and immunology of the ocular surface.

The ocular surface, in a strict sense, consists of the cornea and its major support tissue, the conjunctiva. In a wider anatomical, embryological, and also functional sense, the ocular mucosal adnexa (i.e.

Influence of the eye-associated lymphoid tissue (EALT) on inflammatory ocular surface disease.

Certain similarities exist in the pathophysiological processes and clinical features of advanced stages of various inflammatory ocular surface diseases, suggesting that common pathways contribute to these diseases. In this article, common pathways are analyzed with a focus on the role of the physiological resident mucosal immune system of the ocular surface, termed eye-associated lymphoid tissue (EALT). This is physiologically protective but if it is deregulated it can mediate an inflammatory immune answer.

Effect of cataract extraction on frequency doubling technology perimetry in patients with glaucoma.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in patients with co-existing cataract and glaucoma.

Methods: In this consecutive prospective cohort study 27 patients with open angle glaucoma scheduled for cataract extraction alone or combined with trabeculectomy were enrolled. All patients underwent FDT threshold C-20 visual fields within 3 months before and 3 months after surgery.