Time-Drive Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) in Otolaryngology: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Accurately measuring the cost of a clinical process is critical to identifying ways to increase the value of a healthcare process. The objective of this study was to review time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) in otolaryngology and to illustrate areas where value may be increased.

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and Business Source Complete from database inception to August 2024.

Topical Ivermectin-metronidazole gel therapy improves Meibomian gland Function in blepharitis caused by demodex spp.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical Ivermectin- Metronidazol in the management of demodex infestation and their effect in Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) METHODS: Fifty-four patients (108 eyes) with demodex diagnosis and Meibomian gland dysfunction received Ivermectin 0.3 %+Metronidazole 0.5 % gel in the night for 5 weeks.

Evaluation of Optic Disc Drusen Using Modern Imaging Paraclinical Methods.

Purpose:  To analyze patients with optic disc drusen (ODD), with emphasis on modern diagnostics.

Materials And Methods:  Research of the literature was conducted, together with a retrospective statistical analysis of patients with ODD. The group included individuals with ODD diagnosed using at least one of the following (ultrasound - USG, optical coherence tomography - OCT, fundus autofluorescence - FAF).

Comparison of Optical Biometry Data Measured with Lenstar and Anterion Devices.

Objective:  The aim of this study is to compare the results of preoperative biometric data measured with optical biometers of different generations in patients with cataract. Lenstar optical biometry is based on the principle of optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR), and Anterion on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Material And Methods:  A total of 200 eyes (103 patients) were included in a prospective study at the Faculty Hospital in Trenčín the period from June 2023 to January 2024.

Healing the Cornea: Exploring the Therapeutic Solutions Offered by MSCs and MSC-derived EVs.

Affecting a large proportion of the population worldwide, corneal disorders constitute a concerning health hazard associated to compromised eyesight or blindness for most severe cases. In the last decades, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) demonstrated promising abilities in improving symptoms associated to corneal diseases or alleviating these affections, especially through their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative properties. More recently, MSC therapeutic potential was shown to be mediated by the molecules they release, and particularly by their extracellular vesicles (EVs; MSC-EVs).

Severe corneal manifestations of graft-versus-host disease: experience of a tertiary referral center.

Purpose: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). GVHD may affect several organs, including ocular manifestations, ranging from dry eye syndrome to sight-threatening corneal ulceration or perforation. Limited information is available about characteristics and treatments of ocular GVHD and its relation to general prognosis.

Patient and practitioner perceptions around use of artificial intelligence within the English NHS diabetic eye screening programme.

Aims: Automated retinal image analysis using Artificial Intelligence (AI) can detect diabetic retinopathy as accurately as human graders, but it is not yet licensed in the NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (DESP) in England. This study aims to assess perceptions of People Living with Diabetes (PLD) and Healthcare Practitioners (HCP) towards AI's introduction in DESP.

Methods: Two online surveys were co-developed with PLD and HCP from a diverse DESP in North East London.

Perceiving emotions in the eyes: the biasing role of a fearful mouth.

The role of the eye region in interpersonal communication and emotional recognition is widely acknowledged. However, the influence of mouth expression on perceiving and recognizing genuine emotions in the eye region, especially with limited attentional resources, remains unclear. Thirty-four participants in this study completed a dual-target rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task while their event-related potential (ERP) data were simultaneously recorded.

Emerging treatment strategies in dry eye disease: potential of blood-derived approaches and natural plant-based products.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular condition characterized by chronic inflammation and tear film disruption. It affects millions of people worldwide, causing significant eye discomfort and vision disturbances. Despite its prevalence, DED remains a complex condition that is not yet fully understood.

The PROTAC selectively degrading BCL-X inhibits the growth of tumors and significantly synergizes with Paclitaxel.

B-cell lymphoma extra large (BCL-X) is an important anti-apoptotic protein of BCL-2 family. It is frequently overexpressed in various hematologic and solid tumors, often positively correlated with chemotherapy resistance in tumors. However, the clinical development of the small molecule BCL-X inhibitor ABT-263 has been challenged on account of its on-target and dose-limiting toxicity.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival in patients with External auditory canal cancer.

Aim: We aimed to examine the influence of various prognostic factors on the outcome of external auditory canal (EAC) cancer and create a graphical prediction tool, marking a first in this field, premised on these determinants.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 173 patients with EAC cancer, making this the largest patient cohort in the literature. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to assess the differences between established prognostic variables.

Discriminatory dose of nitroxynil and albendazole sulfoxide using a modified egg hatch test of Fasciola hepatica.

Fasciolosis is a food-borne anthropozoonotic disease caused by Fasciola spp. that affects multiple hosts, including ruminants and humans. In vitro testing of anthelmintics is of interest to establish the drug's activity without the need for time-consuming and expensive in vivo assays.

Clerodane diterpenoids from the vine stems of Fibraurea recisa Pierre and their hepatic gluconeogenesis inhibitory activity.

Fibraurea recisa Pierre is a vine plant and its vine stems are used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat heat toxin, constipation, diarrhea, sore throat, eye inflammation, carbuncles, and skin ulcers. The alkaloid chemical composition of this plant has been extensively studied; however, investigations into non-alkaloid components remain limited. In this study, phytochemical studies of the vine stems of F.

The role of metal nanocarriers, liposomes and chitosan-based nanoparticles in diabetic retinopathy treatment: A review study.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a significant and progressive eye complication associated with diabetes mellitus, leading to potential vision loss. The pathophysiology of DR involves complex neurovascular changes due to prolonged hyperglycemia, resulting in microangiopathy and neurodegeneration. Current treatment modalities come with limitations such as low bioavailability of therapeutic agents, risk of side effects, and surgical complications.

Bacterial clustering biomaterials as anti-infective therapies.

In Nature, bacterial clustering by host-released peptides or nucleic acids is an evolutionarily conserved immune defense strategy employed to prevent adhesion of pathogenic microbes, which is prerequisite for most infections. Synthetic anti-adhesion strategies present as non-lethal means of targeting bacteria and may potentially be used to avoid resistance against antimicrobial therapies. From bacteria-agglutinating biomolecules discovered in nature to synthetic designs involving peptides, cationic polymers and nanoparticles, the modes of actions appear broad and unconsolidated.

A modiolar-pillar gradient in auditory-nerve dendritic length: A novel post-synaptic contribution to dynamic range?

Auditory-nerve fibers (ANFs) from a given cochlear region can vary in threshold sensitivity by up to 60 dB, corresponding to a 1000-fold difference in stimulus level, although each fiber innervates a single inner hair cell (IHC) via a single synapse. ANFs with high-thresholds also have low spontaneous rates (SRs) and synapse on the side of the IHC closer to the modiolus, whereas the low-threshold, high-SR fibers synapse on the side closer to the pillar cells. Prior biophysical work has identified modiolar-pillar differences in both pre- and post-synaptic properties, but a comprehensive explanation for the wide range of sensitivities remains elusive.

Prediction of radiological decision errors from longitudinal analysis of gaze and image features.

Medical imaging, particularly radiography, is an indispensable part of diagnosing many chest diseases. Final diagnoses are made by radiologists based on images, but the decision-making process is always associated with a risk of incorrect interpretation. Incorrectly interpreted data can lead to delays in treatment, a prescription of inappropriate therapy, or even a completely missed diagnosis.

Acceptability and readability of ChatGPT-4 based responses for frequently asked questions about strabismus and amblyopia.

Purpose: To evaluate the compatibility and readability of ChatGPT-4 in providing responses to common inquiries about strabismus and amblyopia.

Materials And Methods: A series of commonly asked questions were compiled, covering topics such as the definition, prevalence, diagnostic approaches, surgical and non-surgical treatment alternatives, postoperative guidelines, surgery-related risks, and visual prognosis associated with strabismus and amblyopia. Each question was asked three times on the online ChatGPT-4 platform both in English and French, with data collection conducted on February 18, 2024.

Performance of ChatGPT in French language analysis of multimodal retinal cases.

Purpose: Prior literature has suggested a reduced performance of large language models (LLMs) in non-English analyses, including Arabic and French. However, there are no current studies testing the multimodal performance of ChatGPT in French ophthalmology cases, and comparing this to the results observed in the English literature. We compared the performance of ChatGPT-4 in French and English on open-ended prompts using multimodal input data from retinal cases.

Clinical and biochemical footprints of inherited metabolic diseases: XVII. Dysmorphisms.

Dysmorphisms, or physical abnormalities in appearance, can vary in frequency and severity among individuals with inherited metabolic disorders (IMD). The prevalence of dysmorphisms in these disorders can range from rare occurrences to more common features, depending on the specific disorder and its genetic characteristics. It is important to note that not all individuals with IMDs will exhibit dysmorphic features, and the presence of such features may vary widely among different types of metabolic disorders.

Effects of a pre-weaning socialization system on piglet livability, lifetime growth performance, and subsequent sow performance.

A total of 3,307 (PIC L 42) sows and 55,160 piglets were used to determine the effects of different farrowing systems on piglet livability and lifetime growth performance. Treatments were assigned to farrowing rooms and consisted of a conventional farrowing system (sows and piglets housed in individual farrowing stalls) or a pre-weaning socialization system (stall dividers removed between farrowing stalls and walkways within 6 to 24 h post-farrowing such that 12 to 32 litters of piglets were co-mingled). A total of 40 farrowing rooms with 80 stalls each were used with 20 rooms per treatment.

Evaluation of the lacrimal punctum parameters in Turkish population with anterior segment optic coherence tomography.

Purpose: To determine the anatomical parameters of puncta in Turkish population without any complaint of epiphora, using anterior segment optic coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Materials And Methods: The healthy participants between 26 and 83 years old who applied to our outpatient clinic from May 2022 to June 2022 for spectacle prescription or the accompanying person of the patients were included in the study. All participants underwent AS-OCT (Revo 60, OPTOPOL Technology, Zawiercie, Poland).

Visual quality of life in NMOSD and MOGAD: profiles, dynamics and associations with ageing and vision.

Objective: In this multicentric study, we were interested in the vision-related quality of life and its association with visual impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in comparison to multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls.

Methods: We analysed extracted data from the German NEMOS registry including National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) scores, high and low contrast visual acuity (HCVA, LCVA), visually evoked potentials (VEP) and the scores for the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and other neurological tests which assessed their disease-related impairment. The mean follow-up time of our patients was 1.

Effectiveness of comprehensive approach in rejuvenating the aging lower periorbita.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of a comprehensive surgical approach for rejuvenation of the aging lower periorbita.

Methods: Between February 2018 and January 2023, 80 eyes of 40 patients with lower lid dermatochalasis (LLD), lower lid laxity (LLL) or orbicularis laxity of the lower lid (OL) admitted to the oculoplastic surgery department of our clinic were included in the study. 18 eyes had LLD, 14 eyes had LLL, 18 eyes had LLD and LLL, and 30 eyes had LLD, LLL and OL.