The Clinical Significance of Extreme Leukocytosis among Newborns: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: The aim of the study is to examine the clinical significance of extreme leukocytosis (>40,000 cells/µL) at birth among neonates.

Study Design: Data were retrospectively collected on 208 infants with leukocytosis >40,000 cells/µL and on matched normal controls as determined in complete blood counts obtained on the first day of life.

Results: There were no significant group differences in birth weight, Apgar's score, timing of respiratory support, hospitalization in special care units or rehospitalization during the first month of life.

Moral injury and cannabis use disorder among Israeli combat veterans: The role of depression and perceived social support.

Introduction: Cannabis use is highly common among military combat veterans, who are also inclined toward developing Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD). The present study examined the association between Moral Injury (MI), which may occur following combat-related acts that violate one's deep moral beliefs, and CUD, as well as the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of perceived social support.

Methods: Participants were 215 Israel Defense Forces male combat veterans discharged from military service within the past five years, who reported using cannabis regularly (≥3 days weekly) during the past six months.

Oral glucose tolerance test for suspected late onset gestational diabetes.

Background: Oral glucose tolerance test is used for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes at the second trimester, however, its use at term has been questioned.

Objective: To compare obstetric outcomes in women with and without abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) conducted at term due to large for gestational age (LGA) fetuses or polyhydramnios.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study including all women ≥37 weeks of gestation, with normal glucose challenge test (GCT), who performed 100 g OGTT at term, due to LGA fetus or polyhydramnios between January 2012 and January 2017.

The association between novel glucose indices in parturients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and clinically significant neonatal hypoglycemia.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between glucose control indices of parturient with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), treated with an insulin pump and utilizing continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and clinically significant neonatal hypoglycemia. This was a retrospective cohort study which included 37 pregnant women with T1DM. All women were followed at a single tertiary center and had available CGM data.

A Proposed Role of Surfactant in Platelet Function and Treatment of Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Preterm and Term Infants.

Background: We evaluated the effect of surfactant on platelet function as a potential contributing mechanism to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hemorrhage (PHEM) in term and preterm infants.

Methods: Cord blood samples were collected from neonates following delivery. Complete blood count and platelet function were measured using a cone and platelet analyzer (CPA).

Internal and External Resources and the Adjustment of Parents of Premature Infants.

Studies have shown premature birth and infant hospitalization to be associated with increased levels of parental distress. Internal and external psychological resources have been found to mitigate distress among persons coping with stressful medical events. The current study evaluated psychological resources and distress in 87 parents (57 mothers and 30 fathers) to whom an infant was born prematurely and hospitalized in the NICU of a large tertiary medical center.

From thrombasthenia to next generation thrombocytopenia: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia induced by maternal Glanzmann thrombasthenia.

Background: Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of platelet function caused by mutations in the genes coding for integrin αIIbβ3. The aim of this study was to examine the outcome of newborns of GT mothers, with emphasis on thrombocytopenia and bleeding manifestations and their relation to maternal antiplatelet antibodies.

Procedure: Medical files of all female patients with GT treated in a single tertiary center from 1999 to 2017 were searched for details on pregnancy and birth.

Clinical evaluation of early acquisition of Staphylococcus aureus carriage by newborns.

Background: Little is known about neonatal Staphylococcus aureus carriage. Sites and clinical outcomes of S. aureus colonization during the first month of life were evaluated in this study.

A man-made disease: Fetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to incompatibility between oocyte donor and gestational mother.

The incompatibility causing fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) results from a fetus inheriting a paternal human platelet antigen (HPA), which is different from the maternal HPA. We present a unique case of FNAIT in a pregnancy involving an oocyte recipient mother with Turner syndrome. This is the first report of FNAIT in which the suggested mechanism involves antibodies produced by a gestational mother against the incompatible HPA of the oocyte donor.

Thyroid Functions in Healthy Infants during the First Year of Life.

Objective: To study the pattern of thyroid function testing in healthy newborns during the first year of life.

Study Design: We used the computerized database of a health management organization. Among the 18,507 infants insured by the Clalit Health Services born in the Sheba Medical Center between 2002 and 2007, 652 full-term healthy newborns with birth weight >2 kg and no significant perinatal morbidity underwent thyrotropin (TSH) determination as outpatients in their first year of life.

Gestational weight gain and body mass indexes have an impact on the outcomes of diabetic mothers and infants.

Aim: This study evaluated mothers with diabetes to determine whether prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), BMI on delivery or gestational weight gain (GWG) had the greatest impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the medical charts of 634 full-term infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus not requiring insulin (n = 476), gestational diabetes mellitus requiring insulin (n = 140) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (n = 18). Data regarding maternal BMI before pregnancy and on delivery were recorded, as well as maternal and neonatal complications.

Bone density among infants of gestational diabetic mothers and macrosomic neonates.

Decreased bone density has been found among infants of diabetic mothers and among large-for-gestational-age newborns. To evaluate which etiologies (physical or metabolic effect) have the greatest impact on neonatal bone density. A case-control study was conducted that included two study groups: one comprising 20 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants of gestational diabetic mothers (IGDM) and matched controls, and the other comprising 20 macrosomic infants (birth weight > 4 kg) and matched controls.

Maternal anti-D prophylaxis during pregnancy and risk of hemolysis among preterm infants.

Objective: To evaluate whether Rh-positive preterm newborn infants born to Rh-negative mothers treated with prophylactic anti-D immunoglobulins exhibited signs of hemolytic reaction, including anemia and hyperbilirubinemia.

Study Design: Retrospective data were collected for 94 Rh-positive preterm newborns born at gestational age (GA) 28 to 34 weeks to 76 Rh-negative mothers and for matched controls.

Result: We found 11.

Growth parameters of discordant preterm twins during the first year of life.

Objective: To evaluate and compare growth parameters (weight, length and head circumference) of discordant preterm twins during the first year of life.

Methods: Retrospective data were collected on 78 pairs of >10% discordant preterm twins. Data regarding short-term neonatal outcome were recorded.

Neonatal isolated rectal bleeding and the risk of hypersensitivity syndromes.

Objective: When rectal bleeding occurs in an otherwise asymptomatic child, it can be classified as isolated rectal bleeding (IRB). Among the different etiologies suggested for IRB, one of the most common is a hypersensitivity reaction of the bowel mucosa to digested antigens. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes and the risk of developing hypersensitivity syndromes among infants following an IRB event.

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of duration of early breastfeeding in the delivery room on blood glucose levels among term neonates of diabetic mothers.

Methods: Mothers with gestational diabetes were encouraged to breastfeed their infants immediately after birth in the delivery room. The breastfeeding duration was recorded by the midwife.

Parents who refuse to vaccinate their infants: paediatricians' feelings and treatment intentions.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate paediatricians' attitudes and emotions towards parents who refuse to vaccinate their infants and to assess their reactions, suggestions and practices.

Design: The study group consisted of 376 paediatricians in Israel, who completed the emailed research questionnaire anonymously.

Results: Although the vast majority of paediatricians agreed that vaccination was in the baby's best interest (92.

Forced expiratory decay in asthmatic preschool children--is it adult type?

Background: The forced expiratory decay in healthy preschool children portrays a convex shape that differs from the linear decay in the older healthy population. The "adult-type" expiratory decay during airway obstruction is concave. The study objective was to determine if the expiratory decay in young asthmatic children is "adult-type".

Meconium-stained amniotic fluid and the need for paediatrician attendance.

Aim: To determine perinatal parameters among term newborn infants born by vaginal delivery with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) that needed paediatrician assistance.

Methods: Paediatricians who were in attendance in the delivery room due to MSAF among term infants completed 775 reports regarding the infants' delivery conditions, and the assistance provided. We defined 'paediatrician attendance needed' for a subgroup of infants for whom we retrospectively determined that paediatrician attendance in the delivery room was required.

Short-term outcome among term singleton infants with intrapartum oligohydramnios.

Aim: To evaluate rates of early short-term neonatal complications among term singleton newborn infants with oligohydramnios.

Methods: Retrospective data were collected on 456 term infants with prenatal diagnosis of oligohydramnios and on matched controls, including information on maternal condition and on infant perinatal complications.

Results: Infants in the study group were born with lower birthweight and were SGA compared with those in the control group.

Human milk versus formula feeding among preterm infants: short-term outcomes.

We evaluated short-term neonatal outcomes among preterm infants according to type of feeding administered (human milk or formula). Retrospective data were collected on 400 preterm infants at gestational age ≤32 weeks. Groups were chosen and compared according to feeding type.

Maximal flow at functional residual capacity in healthy children from birth to 7 years, and beyond.

Background: Reference values for maximal expiratory flows throughout childhood have been developed for each age group, but it remains a challenge to find a single outcome measure that can be tracked from birth to childhood. We believe that maximal flow at functional residual capacity (FRC) (VmaxFRC) may be a good candidate. The aim of this article was to explore the possible use of VmaxFRC as a continuous measure in healthy infants and children of preschool age.

Predictors for neonatal thrombocytopenia in infants of thrombocytopenic mothers during pregnancy.

Background: Although maternal thrombocytopenia during pregnancy is common, its effect on neonatal platelets has not yet been fully evaluated.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the rate of thrombocytopenia among 767 healthy term neonates (gestational age 37-42 weeks) born to 723 mothers with pregnancy-induced thrombocytopenia to define risk factors predicting thrombocytopenia in this group.

Results: Thrombocytopenia was diagnosed in 2.