104 results match your criteria: "The Diabetes Center[Affiliation]"
The Role of Interferon-γ in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1.
N Engl J Med
May 2024
From the Fungal Pathogenesis (V.O., G.M.C., M.M.S., E.M.N.F., L.D.S.D., J.P., Y.H., T.W., B.D.S., S.D., T.D., P.B., T.J.B., M.S.L.), the Immunopathogenesis (L.B.R., A.C., S.M.H.), and Immune Deficiency Genetics (L.D.N.) Sections, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, the Centralized Sequencing Program, Division of Intramural Research (B.A.S., R.G., M.W.), and the Translational Autoinflammatory Disease Section (A.R., A.A.J., R.G.-M.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research (J.L.D.), National Cancer Institute (G.S., J.C.A., D.R., C.R.L., D.E.K., M.M.Q., S.P.), the Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch (D.K., B.A.), and the Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch (T.H.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the Genomics and Computational Biology Core (D.M.), the Salivary Disorders Unit (B.M.W.), and the Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section (N.M.M.), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.S., H.S.K., S.D.R.), the Pharmacy Department (B.C.), and the Critical Care Medicine Department (A.F.S.), Clinical Center, the Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (H.H.K., L.C.-S.), the Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K.P.F., K.N.O.), and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K.K.W.) - all at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie, Nantes, France (M.B., C.G.); the Diabetes Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco (M.S.A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center, Torrance (M.S.), and the David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles (M.S.); Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Red de Investigación Translacional en Infectología Pediátrica (O.N., P.O.), and Departamento de Dermatología (M.T.M.-G.), Sección de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediatrica (J.V.-F.), Sección de Inmunología (J.M.L.), Sección de Endocrinología Pediátrica (A.L.G.-G.), and Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica (A.G.R.), Hospital Infantil Universitario Virgen del Rocío, and Departamento de Farmacología, Pediatría, y Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla (P.O.) - all in Seville, Spain; the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki (M.R.J.S., J.L., M.H., S.L., P.K.); and the Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, and the Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (V.L., O.E.).
Article Synopsis
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a severe genetic disorder resulting from AIRE deficiency, leading to self-reactive T cells causing autoimmune damage in various organs.
- The study investigated the role of interferon-γ in APS-1 by analyzing patient samples and conducting experiments with mice, finding that high levels of interferon-γ correlate with disease activity.
- Treatment with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib significantly reduced interferon-γ levels and improved symptoms in APS-1 patients, suggesting that targeting this pathway may be a viable therapeutic approach.
Validity of the International Diabetes Federation risk stratification score of Ramadan fasting in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
Saudi Med J
January 2024
From the Medical College (Alfadhli, Alharbi, Alrotoie, Asia Aljohani, Qari, Alsubhi, Alsaedi), Taibah University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alfadhli), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, and from the Diabetes Center (Alaa Aljohani), King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Objectives: To assess the validity of the new International Diabetes Federation-Diabetes and Ramadan International Alliance (IDF-DAR) risk stratification tool for Ramadan fasting in predicting diabetic patients' ability to fast safely.
Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out during Ramadan 2022 at the Diabetes Center, King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. The IDF-DAR risk stratification tool was used to calculate fasting risk for diabetic patients pre-Ramadan.
Obesity-associated microglial inflammatory activation paradoxically improves glucose tolerance.
Cell Metab
September 2023
UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Electronic address:
Hypothalamic gliosis associated with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding increases susceptibility to hyperphagia and weight gain. However, the body-weight-independent contribution of microglia to glucose regulation has not been determined. Here, we show that reducing microglial nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling via cell-specific IKKβ deletion exacerbates HFD-induced glucose intolerance despite reducing body weight and adiposity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFγδ T cell dichotomy with opposing cytotoxic and wound healing functions in human solid tumors.
Nat Cancer
August 2023
Department of Endocrinology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- γδ T cells play a crucial role in maintaining tissue health and are linked to better outcomes in various tumors, but their specific characteristics in human cancers are not well understood.
- In studies of colorectal and endometrial cancer, significant differences were observed in γδ T cell subsets and their functions between tumor and normal tissues; colorectal cancer displayed a specific AREG-producing subset, while endometrial cancer had more cytotoxic γδ cells.
- A new expansion method was developed to enhance the cytotoxic abilities of γδ T cells for potential use in cell therapy, improving tumor infiltration and clearance while reducing AREG production, thus presenting a promising ‘off-the-shelf’ treatment strategy.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in adults with diabetes in China.
Nat Commun
July 2023
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China.
Article Synopsis
- A national prevalence survey in China revealed that 16.3% of participants have diabetic retinopathy, with higher rates in the northern regions compared to the southern.
- The study included over 50,000 participants and highlighted that those with poor Hemoglobin A1c levels were more likely to have severe forms of the disease.
- Additionally, factors like education, income, and diet significantly influenced both the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy among participants.
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma avatar mouse models for exploring inter-patient tumor variation and testing targeted therapies.
Life Sci Alliance
May 2023
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a childhood cancer in sub-Saharan Africa characterized by Epstein-Barr virus and malaria-associated aberrant B-cell activation and chromosomal translocation. Survival rates hover at 50% after conventional chemotherapies; therefore, clinically relevant models are necessary to test additional therapies. Hence, we established five patient-derived BL tumor cell lines and corresponding NSG-BL avatar mouse models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe G protein-coupled receptor melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and its associated protein melanocortin receptor-associated protein 2 (MRAP2) are essential for the regulation of food intake and body weight in humans. MC4R localizes and functions at the neuronal primary cilium, a microtubule-based organelle that senses and relays extracellular signals. Here, we demonstrate that MRAP2 is critical for the weight-regulating function of MC4R neurons and the ciliary localization of MC4R.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProfiling genome-wide recombination in Epstein Barr virus reveals type-specific patterns and associations with endemic-Burkitt lymphoma.
Virol J
December 2022
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
Background: Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is potentiated through the interplay of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. To better understand EBV's biology and role in eBL, we characterized genome-wide recombination sites and patterns as a source of genetic diversity in EBV genomes in our well-defined population of eBL cases and controls from Western Kenya.
Methods: EBV genomes representing 54 eBL cases and 32 healthy children from the same geographic region in Western Kenya that we previously sequenced were analyzed.
Once-Weekly Dulaglutide for the Treatment of Youths with Type 2 Diabetes.
N Engl J Med
August 2022
From the Center for Pediatric Research in Obesity and Metabolism, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (S.A.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children (T.H.), and Eli Lilly (J.I.C., D.C.) - both in Indianapolis; Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (P.Z.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles (L.C.C.); the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, Chicago (C.B.-B.); the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Ángeles Puebla, Puebla City, Mexico (M.B.-P.); the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris (E.B.); and the Diabetes Center of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo (S.D.).
Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing among youths. Once-weekly treatment with dulaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, may have efficacy with regard to glycemic control in youths with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 26-week trial, we randomly assigned participants (10 to <18 years of age; body-mass index [BMI], >85th percentile) being treated with lifestyle modifications alone or with metformin, with or without basal insulin, in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive once-weekly subcutaneous injections of placebo, dulaglutide at a dose of 0.
The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) plays a critical role in the long-term regulation of energy homeostasis, and mutations in the MC4R are the most common cause of monogenic obesity. However, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of energy balance within MC4R-expressing neurons are unknown. We recently reported that the MC4R localizes to the primary cilium, a cellular organelle that allows for partitioning of incoming cellular signals, raising the question of whether the MC4R functions in this organelle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCelebrating 20 years of FOCIS.
Sci Immunol
October 2020
Maria Grazia Roncarolo is the past president of FOCIS and the George D. Smith professor of pediatrics and medicine, the director of the Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine, and the co-director of the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Email:
Tolerance in the Age of Immunotherapy.
N Engl J Med
September 2020
From the Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory (J.A.B.) and the Diabetes Center (J.A.B., M.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.
Hippocampal plasticity underpins long-term cognitive gains from resistance exercise in MCI.
Neuroimage Clin
January 2021
Regenerative Neuroscience Group, Brain and Mind Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address:
Dementia affects 47 million individuals worldwide, and assuming the status quo is projected to rise to 150 million by 2050. Prevention of age-related cognitive impairment in older persons with lifestyle interventions continues to garner evidence but whether this can combat underlying neurodegeneration is unknown. The Study of Mental Activity and Resistance Training (SMART) trial has previously reported within-training findings; the aim of this study was to investigate the long-term neurostructural and cognitive impact of resistance exercise in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplicated curve association of body weight at diagnosis with C-peptide in children and adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev
May 2020
Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and the Diabetes Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Aim: To investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) or BMI z-score (BMIz) at diagnosis with β-cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients in children and adults.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study; 256 children (<18 years) and 245 adults (≥18 years) with less than 1-year duration were recruited and followed for 4 years with an interval of 12 months. Smooth curve fitting, a two-piecewise linear model, and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to investigate the influence of BMI/BMIz on C-peptide levels.
Genome-wide Analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Humanized Mice Reveals Key Virulence Features.
Cell Host Microbe
September 2019
Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address:
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes typhoid fever only in humans. Murine infection with S. Typhimurium is used as a typhoid model, but its relevance to human typhoid is limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmTORC1 to AMPK switching underlies β-cell metabolic plasticity during maturation and diabetes.
J Clin Invest
July 2019
The Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Pancreatic beta cells (β-cells) differentiate during fetal life, but only postnatally acquire the capacity for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). How this happens is not clear. In exploring what molecular mechanisms drive the maturation of β-cell function, we found that the control of cellular signaling in β-cells fundamentally switched from the nutrient sensor target of rapamycin (mTORC1) to the energy sensor 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and that this was critical for functional maturation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Anti-CD3 Antibody, Teplizumab, in Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes.
N Engl J Med
August 2019
From the Departments of Immunobiology and Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT (K.C.H.); the Departments of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa (B.N.B., J.P.K., H.R.), the Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (J.B.M., J.S.S.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville (D.S.) - all in Florida; Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle (S.A.L., M.J.D., P.S.L., C.J.G.); the Diabetes Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco (J.A.B., S.E.G.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis (L.A.D.); the Barbara Davis Diabetes Center, University of Colorado, Anschultz (P.A.G.); Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (A.M.); the Department of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (W.E.R.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.T.); the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto (D.K.W.); and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University Munich, at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany (A.-G.Z.).
Background: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to destruction of insulin-producing beta cells and dependence on exogenous insulin for survival. Some interventions have delayed the loss of insulin production in patients with type 1 diabetes, but interventions that might affect clinical progression before diagnosis are needed.
Methods: We conducted a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of teplizumab (an Fc receptor-nonbinding anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody) involving relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes who did not have diabetes but were at high risk for development of clinical disease.
Creation of PDX-Bearing Humanized Mice to Study Immuno-oncology.
Methods Mol Biol
July 2019
Department of Molecular Medicine and the Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
A significant obstacle to the study of human cancer biology and the testing of human specific immunotherapeutics is the paucity of translational models that recapitulate both the growth of human tumors and the functionality of human immune systems. Humanized mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) enable preclinical investigation of the interactions between the human immune system and human cancer. We use immunodeficient non-obese diabetic (NOD, scid, gamma) NSG™ or NSG™-SGM3 mice as hosts for establishment of human immunity following HSC injection and for engraftment of human tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStandards of medical care for type 2 diabetes in China 2019.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev
September 2019
Department of Endocrinology, Yihe Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.
The prevalence of diabetes in China has increased rapidly from 0.67% in 1980 to 10.4% in 2013, with the aging of the population and westernization of lifestyle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTapering decay of β-cell function in Chinese patients with autoimmune type 1 diabetes: A four-year prospective study.
J Diabetes
October 2019
Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and the Diabetes Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China.
Background: This study investigated the natural progression of β-cell function in Chinese autoimmune type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients and clarified factors possibly influencing the course of the disease.
Methods: The natural progression of β-cell function of 325 newly diagnosed Chinese autoimmune T1D patients was assessed by fasting and postprandial C-peptide (FCP and PCP, respectively) levels. β-Cell function failure was defined as FCP <50 pM and PCP <100 pM, whereas preserved β-cell function was defined as FCP >200 pM or PCP >400 pM.
Fighting obesity by targeting factors regulating beige adipocytes.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care
November 2018
Metabolic Biology Graduate Program and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley.
Purpose Of Review: The current review provides an update on secreted factors and mechanisms that promote a thermogenic program in beige adipocytes, and their potential roles as therapeutic targets to fight obesity.
Recent Findings: We outline recent studies revealing unrecognized mechanisms controlling beige adipocyte physiology, and summarize in particular those that underlie beige thermogenesis independently of classical uncoupling. We also update strategies aimed at fostering beige adipogenesis and white-to beige adipocyte conversion.
Prognosis of ovarian cancer in women with type 2 diabetes using metformin and other forms of antidiabetic medication or statins: a retrospective cohort study.
BMC Cancer
July 2018
Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland.
Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal cancers and women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have even poorer survival from it. We assessed the prognosis of ovarian cancer in women with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin, other forms of antidiabetic medication, or statins.
Methods: Study cohort consisted of women with T2D diagnosed with ovarian cancer in Finland 1998-2011.
Antidiabetic Medication, Statins and the Risk and Prognosis of Non-endometrioid Endometrial Cancer in Women with Type 2 Diabetes.
Anticancer Res
July 2018
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Aim: To determine the incidence and prognosis of non-endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC) in relation to the use of metformin, other antidiabetic medication (ADM) and statins in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Materials And Methods: In order to analyze the incidence and prognosis of non-endometrioid EC, two cohorts were obtained from a nationwide diabetes database (FinDM); 57 non-endometrioid ECs were observed in a cohort of 92,366 women with newly-diagnosed T2D during the follow-up (1996 to 2011) to assess the incidence, and a retrospective cohort of 105 women with T2D diagnosed with non-endometrioid EC (1998 to 2011) was used to estimate cumulative mortality from EC and other causes of death. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for EC incidence were estimated in the full-cohort analysis and in the nested case-control analysis, matched for age and duration of T2D.
Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes.
N Engl J Med
March 2018
From the Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen (E.S.H., O.K.), and the Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital (E.S.H.), Bergen, Norway; the Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (E.S.H., O.K.); and the Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.S.A.).