Cone beam computed tomography: What's left to know?

The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry has grown exponentially since its inception and that trend continues. Though CBCT has become routine to some, its popularity in dentistry only demonstrates that education in CBCT is needed now more than ever. This presentation covers key components to consider when purchasing a CBCT unit and describes concepts in interpretation and radiation safety.

HBP/O-GlcNAcylation Metabolic Axis Regulates Bone Resorption Outcome.

Osteoclasts play a key role in the regulation of bone mass and are highly active metabolically. Here we show that a metabolic reprogramming toward the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is required not only for osteoclast differentiation but also to determine the bone resorption mode during physiological and pathological bone remodeling. We found that pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) significantly reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation and osteoclast differentiation.

Is Recreational Marijuana Use Associated With Changes in the Vital Signs or Anesthetic Requirements During Intravenous Sedation?

Purpose: The prevalence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use is increasing in the general population due to its increased availability, legality, and cultural acceptability. The purpose of the current study was to measure the association of THC use on the vital signs and anesthetic requirements during intravenous (IV) sedation procedures in recreational marijuana users.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed.

Development and validation of a method for creating incomplete vertical root fracture in extracted teeth.

The present study reported a method for inducing incomplete root fracture in human extracted teeth for the purpose of evaluating the merits of different diagnostic imaging techniques. Thirty-five single-rooted teeth were inspected under magnification and transillumination to exclude previously fractured teeth. Tooth crowns were removed, and the root canals were prepared up to the ProTaper Next X4 (40.

Virulence Factors of the Periodontal Pathogens: Tools to Evade the Host Immune Response and Promote Carcinogenesis.

Periodontitis is the most common chronic, inflammatory oral disease that affects more than half of the population in the United States. The disease leads to destruction of the tooth-supporting tissue called periodontium, which ultimately results in tooth loss if uncured. The interaction between the periodontal microbiota and the host immune cells result in the induction of a non-protective host immune response that triggers host tissue destruction.

Biomechanical perspectives on dentine cracks and fractures: Implications in their clinical management.

Objectives: The present review discussed the biomechanical properties of cracks and fractures in crown and root dentine and attempted to explain why cracked teeth and vertical root fractures are so frequent despite the existence of multiple crack toughening mechanisms in dentine. The implications of this knowledge were used to justify how these defects are managed clinically.

Data, Sources And Study Selection: Literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for a narrative review on fracture mechanics of crown and root dentine as well as the clinical management of cracked teeth and teeth with vertical root fracture.

Optimization of Lactoferrin-Derived Amyloid Coating for Enhancing Soft Tissue Seal and Antibacterial Activity of Titanium Implants.

A poor seal of the titanium implant-soft tissue interface provokes bacterial invasion, aggravates inflammation, and ultimately results in implant failure. To ensure the long-term success of titanium implants, lactoferrin-derived amyloid is coated on the titanium surface to increase the expression of cell integrins and hemidesmosomes, with the goal of promoting soft tissue seal and imparting antibacterial activity to the implants. The lactoferrin-derived amyloid coated titanium structures contain a large number of amino and carboxyl groups on their surfaces, and promote proliferation and adhesion of epithelial cells and fibroblasts via the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Vimentin-Induced Disruption of Cell-Cell Associations Augments Breast Cancer Cell Migration.

In advanced metastatic cancers with reduced patient survival and poor prognosis, expression of vimentin, a type III intermediate filament protein is frequently observed. Vimentin appears to suppress epithelial characteristics and augments cell migration but the molecular basis for these changes is not well understood. Here, we have ectopically expressed vimentin in MCF-7 and investigated its genomic and functional implications.

Preparation of collagen fibrils from mineralized tissues and evaluation by atomic force microscopy.

Mineralized tissues like bone and dentin are materials that support the distribution of mechanical loads through the body of humans and other animals. While their organic content plays a critical role on the structural behavior of these materials, investigations that quantify the structural properties of collagen fibrils in mineralized tissues at the nanoscale are rather limited. We report a new experimental methodology to prepare samples of dentinal collagen fibrils for evaluation by atomic force microscopy and characterize their mechanical behavior.

Digital workflow for designing an interim implant-supported restoration with an optimal emergence profile in an open-source software program.

The esthetics and emergence profile design of implant-supported restorations in the anterior zone can be challenging. This dental technique describes a digital approach to designing an optimal emergence profile from the implant head to the definitive prosthetic volume with facial cutback for an esthetic implant-supported interim crown. A printed interim implant-supported restoration with an adequate emergence profile and a facial cutback for composite resin layering is obtained.

Prosthetic complications and survival rates of metal-acrylic implant fixed complete dental prostheses: A retrospective study up to 10 years.

Statement Of Problem: Long-term data are sparse on the use of metal-acrylic resin implant-supported fixed complete dentures.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to assess the prosthetic survival and complication rate in patients treated with metal-acrylic resin implant-supported fixed complete dentures (ma-IFCDs).

Materials And Methods: The patient record system at the Dental College of Georgia was searched from 2006 to 2020 to identify all patients treated with ma-IFCDs by the graduate prosthodontic and general practice residents during this time.

Multiple Cervical Root Resorption Involving 22 Teeth: A Case with Potential Genetic Predisposition.

A rare case of extensive multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption with potential genetic predisposition was presented. A heathy 19-year-old Chinese male with no contributory medical or family/social history complained of pain during mastication that lasted for several months. Oral examination identified 7 missing teeth and external cervical root resorption involving 9 teeth.

The importance of the ANSI ADA Standard for digital intraoral radiographic systems-a pragmatic approach to quality assurance.

The need for quality assurance (QA) for digital dental radiography has existed since the introduction of digital imaging; however, the methods and phantoms required to achieve it were not available. This resulted in a chaotic approach to address QA based largely upon subjective analysis of image quality. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Dental Association (ADA) Quality Assurance Standard 1094 for Digital Intraoral Radiographic Systems (DIRS) presents a paradigm shift to a scientific and objective method of QA rather than one based on subjective assessments.

Effect of non-surgical therapy on plasma C-reactive protein levels in patients with periodontitis: A single arm prospective clinical trial.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on levels of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP).

Methods: A total of 30 patients with advanced periodontitis as determined by Clinical Periodontal Sum Score (CPSS) were recruited. Venous whole blood samples were drawn to obtain serum samples from all participants at baseline and 1 month after SRP (post-SRP).

Alveolar ridge augmentation for implant placement in a growing patient.

Background: Partial edentulism in growing children due to aplasia or trauma poses a difficult situation to manage. We present a case of horizontal ridge augmentation in a growing patient who had trauma in childhood when it was too early to place implants.

Methods And Results: This patient had a history of trauma, at age 13, that resulted in mandibular fracture and loss of teeth #23-27.

Onset of Mucormycosis in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review on Patients' Characteristics.

Mucormycosis has a significant impact on patients' standard of living and, therefore, a high clinical suspicion, prediagnosis, and rapid treatment are critical in easing patients' suffering and fast recovery. Our focus is to conduct an organized review based on various variables on the patients' characteristics having mucormycosis in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We examined Embase, PubMed-Medline, LitCovid, Web of Science, Scopus, and the reference lists of included case reports up to September 20, 2021, using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) phrases and other keywords related to this topic.

Association between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dental erosion in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To perform systematic review and quantitative analysis of the literature on the association between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and dental erosion in children.

Methods: Databases were searched for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional surveys and case-control studies that evaluated the association between GERD and dental erosion in children aged 1-18 years, without limitations on the language or year of publication. Data were pooled in random effects models.