Biomarkers.

Background: AD-NeuroScore is a validated metric that summarizes Alzheimer's disease (AD)-specific atrophy and can detect AD early, benchmark disease severity, predict and monitor AD progression, and can aid in testing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions using a single number (Kress, 2023). It meets criteria for translatability by using clinically available regional brain volumes as input (Ahdidan, 2015; Cavedo, 2022) and having patient and model-level interpretability (Pinto, 2022). Also, features can be reviewed by a neuroradiologist (Larson, 2019).

Biomarkers.

Background: Brain aging (BA) involves the gradual deterioration of brain systems and is associated with chronological age (CA). Measures of BA have been validated and adopted in aging and neurological disease research (Biondo, 2022; Eickhoff, 2021) and could be a useful clinical tool. BA predicts CA in healthy adults (Cole, 2017) and accelerated BA precede Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms (Elliott, 2021).

Public Health.

Background: Women's reproductive experiences may enact reorganization of physiological systems with lifelong health consequences. We test the hypothesis that women's history of breastfeeding will be positively associated with neurocognitive benefits in post-menopausal women. This hypothesis is justified by breastfeeding's well-established benefits for mothers' glucose homeostasis, beta-cell function, adipose tissue mobilization, and lipid metabolism, which would plausibly be beneficial for later-life brain health.

Public Health.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a significant global health challenge, with limited pharmacological interventions available. Physical activity (PA) is a promising therapeutic approach for delaying AD onset and mitigating neuropathology. Only a handful of meta-analyses have explored the effects of exercise interventions on structural MRI (sMRI)-estimated brain volumes in adults with mixed cognitive statuses, two of which found positive effects on left and bilateral hippocampal volume (HV).

Public Health.

Background: Matrescence, like adolescence, is a critical period for neurodevelopment characterized by hormonal changes that reshape the brain in preparation for new experiences and subsequent learning. Women exhibit greater age-matched Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk than men, yet little is known about long-term neurological health consequences of reproduction (Buckley, 2019), the defining biological difference between the sexes. We tested the hypothesis that greater number of months pregnant would be positively associated with cortical thickness (CT), particularly in regions within the default mode network (DMN).

Public Health.

Background: The Coaching for Cognition in Alzheimer's (COCOA) Trial was a prospective RCT testing a remotely coached multimodal lifestyle intervention for participants early on the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Intervention focused on diet, exercise, cognitive training, sleep, stress, and social engagement. Enrollment criteria targeted individuals with cognitive decline who were able to engage remotely with a professional coach.

Public Health.

Background: Medical management and lifestyle are potentially crucial interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we present the relationship between adherence of a personalized multi-modal intervention for AD on change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after 12-months.

Methods: The PREVENTION study is an ongoing randomized clinical trial (McEwen, 2001).

Trends in Medical Students' Legal Concerns Regarding Abortion Care in the Wake of the 2022 Decision.

Objectives: The 2022 US Supreme Court decision dramatically shifted the legal landscape in health care, leaving state legislatures to redefine the ethics of medical practice. As gold-standard medical procedures become banned and criminalized, physicians are facing heightened legal uncertainty and grappling with moral dilemmas of where and how to practice. This study aimed to quantitatively assess trends in legal concern among medical students and identify correlations with decision making regarding future medical training.

How crosstalk between mitochondria, lysosomes, and other organelles can prevent or promote dry age-related macular degeneration.

Organelles such as mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum form highly dynamic cellular networks and exchange information through sites of physical contact. While each organelle performs unique functions, this inter-organelle crosstalk helps maintain cell homeostasis. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating blinding disease strongly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and decreased clearance of cellular debris in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).

Clinical and Radiologic Predictors of Response to Teprotumumab: A 3D Volumetric Analysis of 35 Patients.

Purpose: Teprotumumab, a novel human monoclonal antibody, has been shown to reverse the clinical manifestations of thyroid eye disease. Previous reports have suggested that it demonstrates disease-modifying properties through the reduction of orbital fat and muscle volumes. This study aims to analyze orbital volumetric change following treatment and to identify clinical and radiological predictors of response.

The association between obesity and efficacy of psoriasis therapies: An expert consensus panel.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease often associated with obesity. Psoriasis therapies may be less effective in patients with obese. The purpose of this expert consensus panel is to evaluate the relationship between obesity and efficacy of psoriasis therapies, thereby optimizing patient care.

Self-reported history of physical intimate partner violence and longitudinal cognitive performance in midlife women.

Background: Intimate partner violence affects about a third of women in their lifetimes and can result in short- and long-term health consequences, including less favorable performance on measures of cognitive function.

Objectives: We assess whether experiencing physical intimate partner violence in midlife was associated with steeper declines in subsequent tests of cognitive performance.

Design: This study used data from 1713 women in the longitudinal cohort Study of Women's Health Across the Nation to relate baseline information on physical intimate partner violence to declines in scores from the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the East Boston Memory Test and the Digit Span Backwards spanning follow-up visits 7 through 15.

Adaptive Platform Trials in Stroke.

Clinical trials of treatments for stroke have generally utilized 2-arm, randomized designs to evaluate a single intervention against a control. Running separate clinical trials, with each addressing a single therapeutic question, is resource intensive and slows evidence generation, especially in a field with rapidly expanding treatment options and evolving practices. Platform trials-randomized clinical trials designed to evaluate multiple interventions that may enter and exit the ongoing platform based on a master protocol-accelerate the investigation of multiple therapeutic options within a single infrastructure.

Evaluating HPV Vaccination-Related Content on a Burgeoning Social Media Platform: Insufficient Quality of TikTok.

Objective: Assessing the quality of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination-related content on TikTok is crucial due to its popularity among adolescents. We assessed these videos while comparing the content and quality of videos with and without physician involvement.

Study Design: Cross-sectional cohort analysis.

Surgical Timing for Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease Treated with Teprotumumab: A Collaborative Multicenter Study.

Purpose: To compare regression rates, characteristics, and surgical outcomes of thyroid eye disease patients who underwent orbit, strabismus, or eyelid surgery at various times during or after teprotumumab treatment.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study.

Participants: Adult patients (age >18) with a minimum of 4 infusions of teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease who had had eye surgery during or after treatment.

Corticostriatal maldevelopment in the R6/2 mouse model of juvenile Huntington's disease.

There is a growing consensus that brain development in Huntington's disease (HD) is abnormal, leading to the idea that HD is not only a neurodegenerative but also a neurodevelopmental disorder. Indeed, structural and functional abnormalities have been observed during brain development in both humans and animal models of HD. However, a concurrent study of cortical and striatal development in a genetic model of HD is still lacking.

RELAY: Final Overall Survival for Erlotinib Plus Ramucirumab or Placebo in Untreated, EGFR-Mutated Metastatic NSCLC.

Introduction: RELAY, a global double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (NCT02411448) found statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival (primary end point) for ramucirumab (RAM) plus erlotinib (ERL) (RAM + ERL) in patients with untreated EGFR-mutated metastatic NSCLC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-0.

Race/Ethnic Differences in In-Hospital Mortality after Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Introduction: Stroke mortality has declined, with differential changes by race; stroke is now the 5th leading cause of death overall, but 2nd leading cause of death in Black individuals. Little is known about recent race/ethnic and sex trends in in-hospital mortality after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and whether system-level factors contribute to possible differences.

Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample, adults (≥18 years) with a primary diagnosis of AIS from 2006 to 2017 (n = 643,912) were identified.

Temporal Trends in Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus and Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer Following Expanded Vaccination Eligibility.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant driver of elevated risk for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). In 2018, HPV vaccination eligibility was expanded to men and women aged 27 to 45. We evaluated changes in awareness of HPV, its association with OPSCC, and HPV vaccination among all US adults between 2018 and 2020, focusing on those aged 27 to 45.

Tau seeds catalyze fibril-type structures from GFP tau biosensor cells.

Fibril-type aggregates of tau occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dozens of tauopathies. Fibrils catalyze aggregation by prion-like seeding, which in part underlies disease progression. Seeding by recombinant and brain-derived tau fibrils is measured using biosensor cells that express aggregation-prone tau mutants fused with fluorescent reporter proteins.