Antidepressant prescriptions and associated factors in men with prostate cancer and their female partners.

Purpose: To estimate the risk of first-time antidepressant prescriptions as a proxy for depression or anxiety and associated risk factors in patients with prostate cancer and their female partners.

Methods: We followed all men (n = 25,126) and their female cohabiting partners (n = 8785) without a history of cancer or antidepressants from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort from 1997 to 2014 or 2010, respectively. We estimated the cumulative incidence of first-time antidepressant prescriptions in men with prostate cancer compared with cancer-free men and their respective female partners, using the Danish National Prescription Registry.

The power of empirical data; lessons from the clinical registry initiatives in Scandinavian cancer care.

Background: In Scandinavia, there is a strong tradition for research and quality monitoring based on registry data. In Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 63 clinical registries collect data on disease characteristics, treatment and outcome of various cancer diagnoses and groups based on process-related and outcome-related variables.

Aim: We describe the cancer-related clinical registries, compare organizational structures and quality indicators and provide examples of how these registries have been used to monitor clinical performance, develop prediction models, assess outcome and provide quality benchmarks.

Dysregulated Ribosome Biogenesis Reveals Therapeutic Liabilities in Cancer.

Ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) is one of the most complex and energy demanding processes in human cells, critical for cell growth and proliferation. Strong causal links between inherited and acquired impairment in RiBi with cancer pathogenesis are emerging, pointing to RiBi as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. Here, we will highlight new knowledge about causes of excessive or impaired RiBi and the impact of these changes on protein synthesis.

Risk and associated factors of depression and anxiety in men with prostate cancer: Results from a German multicenter study.

Objective: In order to optimize psycho-oncological care, studies that quantify the extent of distress and identify certain risk groups are needed. Among patients with prostate cancer (PCa), findings on depression and anxiety are limited.

Methods: We analyzed data of PCa patients selected from a German multi-center study.

Substitutions between potatoes and other vegetables and risk of ischemic stroke.

Purpose: Intake of vegetables has been associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke in observational studies controlling for total energy intake. However, adjustment for energy intake introduces a substitution aspect, which affects the interpretation of the results. We investigated replacement of potatoes with other vegetables, substitutions between vegetable subgroups, and risk of ischemic stroke and ischemic stroke subtypes.

Long-term work retention after treatment for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Almost half of people diagnosed with cancer are working age. Survivors have increased risk of unemployment, but little is known about long-term work retention. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed work retention and associated factors in long-term cancer survivors.

Cancer-associated mutations in the ribosomal protein L5 gene dysregulate the HDM2/p53-mediated ribosome biogenesis checkpoint.

Perturbations in ribosome biogenesis have been associated with cancer. Such aberrations activate p53 through the RPL5/RPL11/5S rRNA complex-mediated inhibition of HDM2. Studies using animal models have suggested that this signaling pathway might constitute an important anticancer barrier.

The Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) Instrument: Cross-Cultural Translation and Test of Validity and Reliability of the Danish Version.

Objectives: To translate the voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) questionnaire into Danish and to test the validity and reliability of this Danish version of the V-RQOL instrument.

Methods: The translation process was done using forward and backward translation followed by pretesting interviews, performed on 21 participants. The final Danish version was then tested for validity and reliability on 80 cases with voice disorders and 21 controls without voice disorders.

Rationale and Design of the Hamburg City Health Study.

The Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) is a large, prospective, long-term, population-based cohort study and a unique research platform and network to obtain substantial knowledge about several important risk and prognostic factors in major chronic diseases. A random sample of 45,000 participants between 45 and 74 years of age from the general population of Hamburg, Germany, are taking part in an extensive baseline assessment at one dedicated study center. Participants undergo 13 validated and 5 novel examinations primarily targeting major organ system function and structures including extensive imaging examinations.

Why do general practitioners not refer patients to behaviour-change programmes after preventive health checks? A mixed-method study.

Background: This study was embedded in the Check-In randomised controlled trial that investigated the effectiveness of general practice-based preventive health checks on adverse health behaviour and early detection of non-communicable diseases offered to individuals with low socioeconomic positions. Despite successful recruitment of patients, the intervention had no effect. One reason for the lack of effectiveness could be low rates of referral to behaviour-change programmes in the municipality, resulting in a low dose of the intervention delivered.

Associations between ambient air pollution and noise from road traffic with blood pressure and insulin resistance in children from Denmark.

Background: Road traffic is a major source of air pollution and noise. Both exposures may contribute to increased blood pressure and metabolic disease; however, few studies have examined these relationships in children.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether long-term exposures to air pollution and noise from road traffic were associated with increased blood pressure and insulin resistance in children.

Occupational exposures and male breast cancer: A nested case-control study in the Nordic countries.

Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare and understudied disease. There is limited evidence on association between environmental and occupational agents and MBC. Some similarities in risk factors may be shared with female breast cancer.

Sustained Long-Term Efficacy of Motivational Counseling and Text Message Reminders on Daily Sitting Time in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Long-Term Follow-up of a Randomized, Parallel-Group Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the 18-month postintervention efficacy following a 4-month individually tailored behavioral intervention on daily sitting time in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: In an observer-blinded randomized trial, 150 RA patients were included. During 4 months, the intervention group (n = 75) received 3 motivational counseling sessions and tailored text messages aimed at increasing light-intensity physical activity through reduction of sedentary behavior.

Workplace Diesel Exhausts and Gasoline Exposure and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Four Nordic Countries.

Background: Evidence on associations between occupational diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure and colorectal cancer is limited. We aimed to assess the effect of workplace exposure to diesel exhaust and gasoline on the risk of colorectal cancer.

Methods: This case-control study included 181,709 colon cancer and 109,227 rectal cancer cases diagnosed between 1961 and 2005 in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.

Using general practitioners to recruit individuals with low socioeconomic position to preventive health checks is feasible: a cross sectional study.

To test whether demographic and health-related characteristics are associated with non-attendance of preventive health checks offered to individuals with low levels of education using proactive recruitment by the general practitioners. A cross-sectional study. 32 general practice clinics in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Glioma risk associated with extent of estimated European genetic ancestry in African Americans and Hispanics.

Glioma incidence is highest in non-Hispanic Whites, and to date, glioma genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to date have only included European ancestry (EA) populations. African Americans and Hispanics in the US have varying proportions of EA, African (AA) and Native American ancestries (NAA). It is unknown if identified GWAS loci or increased EA is associated with increased glioma risk.

The Experience of people with rheumatoid arthritis living with fatigue: a qualitative metasynthesis.

Objectives: To identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative studies on the experience of living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related fatigue.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative metasynthesis encompassing a systematic literature search in February 2017, for studies published in the past 15 years, in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, SveMed, PsychINFO and Web of Science. To be included, the studies had to report the experience of living with fatigue among adults with RA.

Rational targeting of population groups and residential areas for colorectal cancer screening.

Background: Sociodemographic and spatial disparities in incidence and mortality burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) are important to consider in the implementation of population screening, in order to achieve expected benefit and not increase health inequities. Analytic methods should be adapted to provide rational support for targeted interventions.

Methods: CRC incidence rates by tumor stage (I-IV) and location (colon vs.

Treatment intensity and survival in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Denmark: a real-life population-based study.

Purpose: High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is considered to be the only curative treatment option for patients with refractory or relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Due to toxicity, not all patients are eligible for this treatment leading to different treatment intensities. Here, we aim to analyze the impact of treatment intensity on survival in patients previously treated with rituximab and chemotherapy, and, furthermore, to analyze the association between socioeconomic position and treatment intensity, defined as palliation, non-salvage, and salvage regimens.

Socioeconomic Differences in Referral to Phase I Cancer Clinical Trials: A Danish Matched Cancer Case-Control Study.

Purpose: In this nationwide registry study, we investigated socioeconomic and structural patterns in referral to phase I cancer trials in a case-control study design.

Methods: Personal identification numbers on all Danish patients referred to the Danish Phase I Unit at Rigshospitalet from 2005 to 2016, and a control group matched on age, sex, type of cancer, year of diagnosis, and time from diagnosis to referral ensured individual-level linkage between several registries. We examined the association between nonclinical factors-indicators of socioeconomic position and distance to the Phase I Unit-and referral using a conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for several clinical factors.

Risk of selected childhood cancers and parental employment in painting and printing industries: A register-based case‒control study in Denmark 1968-2015.

Objectives Parental exposures and offspring's risk of cancer have been studied with inconsistent results. We investigated parental employment in painting and printing industries and risk of childhood leukemia, central nervous system (CNS) cancers, and prenatal cancers (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Wilms tumor, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, and hepatoblastoma). Methods Using Danish registries, children aged ≤19 years diagnosed from 1968-2015 with leukemia (N=1999), CNS cancers (N=1111) or prenatal cancers (N=2704) were linked to parents and their employment history one year before birth to birth for fathers, and one year before birth to one year after for mothers.

Historical changes in chemical exposures encountered by Danish firefighters.

Objective This study aimed to demonstrate the possibility of using history science methods in occupational studies by evaluating overall historical changes in Danish firefighting modifying chemical exposures from smoke and fire trucks. Methods Data on changes in Danish firefighting after World War II were searched for in both museums and the Danish library catalogue REX, accessing collections of literature from all institutes of the University of Copenhagen and the Danish Royal Library. Results Several historical changes were identified either increasing or reducing chemical exposures in Danish firefighting.