Uncovering structural themes across cilia microtubule inner proteins with implications for human cilia function.

Centrosomes and cilia are microtubule-based superstructures vital for cell division, signaling, and motility. The once thought hollow lumen of their microtubule core structures was recently found to hold a rich meshwork of microtubule inner proteins (MIPs). To address the outstanding question of how distinct MIPs evolved to recognize microtubule inner surfaces, we applied computational sequence analyses, structure predictions, and experimental validation to uncover evolutionarily conserved microtubule- and MIP-binding modules named NWE, SNYG, and ELLEn, and PYG and GFG-repeat by their signature motifs.

Preoperative multimodal prehabilitation before elective colorectal cancer surgery in patients with WHO performance status I or II: randomized clinical trial.

Background: Multimodal prehabilitation is a promising adjunct to the current surgical treatment pathway for colorectal cancer patients to further improve postoperative outcomes, especially for high-risk patients with low functional capacity. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of prehabilitation on immediate postoperative recovery.

Method: The study was designed as a RCT with two arms (intervention and control).

Venous thromboembolism with use of hormonal contraception and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: nationwide cohort study.

Objective: To study the influence of concomitant use of hormonal contraception and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the risk of venous thromboembolism.

Design: Nationwide cohort study.

Setting: Denmark through national registries.

Who are the vulnerable lung cancer patients at risk for not receiving first-line curative or palliative treatment?

Background: To identify non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in need of comprehensive support, we examined the association between patient and disease-related factors of vulnerability related to not receiving guideline-recommended treatment.

Material And Methods: We identified 14,597 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with performance status <3 during 2013-2018 in the Danish Lung Cancer Registry. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for receiving guideline-recommended treatment according to stage, comorbidities, age, performance status, long distance to hospital, cohabitation status, education and alcohol abuse.

Association of Mediterranean diet with survival after breast cancer diagnosis in women from nine European countries: results from the EPIC cohort study.

Background: The Mediterranean diet has been associated with lower risk of breast cancer (BC) but evidence from prospective studies on the role of Mediterranean diet on BC survival remains sparse and conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether adherence to Mediterranean diet prior to diagnosis is associated with overall and BC-specific mortality.

Methods: A total of 13,270 incident breast cancer cases were identified from an initial sample of 318,686 women in 9 countries from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

Vitamin K1 Intake and Incident Diabetes in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study.

Context: Observational studies have reported lower risks of type 2 diabetes with higher vitamin K1 intake, but these studies overlook effect modification due to known diabetes risk factors.

Objective: To identify subgroups that might benefit from vitamin K1 intake, we examined associations between vitamin K1 intake and incident diabetes overall and in subpopulations at risk of diabetes.

Methods: Participants from the prospective cohort, the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study, with no history of diabetes were followed up for diabetes incidence.

Colon cancer diagnosed in patients with non-specific symptoms - comparisons between diagnostic paradigms.

In Denmark, the Cancer Patient Pathway for Non-Specific Signs and Symptoms (NSSC-CPP) has been implemented with variations: in some areas, general practitioners (GPs) do the initial diagnostic work-up (GP paradigm); in other areas, patients are referred directly to the hospital (hospital paradigm). There is no evidence to suggest the most beneficial organisation. Therefore, this study aims to compare the occurrence of colon cancer and the risk of non-localised cancer stage between the GP and hospital paradigms.

Shifting incidence and survival of epithelial ovarian cancer (1995-2014): A SurvMark-2 study.

The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of incidence and survival trends of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) by histological subtype across seven high income countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom). Data on invasive EOC diagnosed in women aged 15 to 99 years during 1995 to 2014 were obtained from 20 cancer registries. Age standardized incidence rates and average annual percentage change were calculated by subtype for all ages and age groups (15-64 and 65-99 years).

Understanding quality data correctly: a randomized comparison of presentation formats among cancer patients and relatives.

Patient representatives are increasingly engaged in quality in health care, and even though quality data are publicly available, correct interpretation may be challenging. We designed a randomized study with the primary aim to examine the association between preferred data presentation format and the interpretation of quality data among cancer patients and relatives. Surveys were distributed to the Danish Cancer Society Citizens' Panel between 31 March and 14 April 2019 and 55% completed the survey ( = 464) including six storyboards that presented authentic quality data in table format, league table and point estimates.

Higher Habitual Dietary Flavonoid Intake Associates With Less Extensive Abdominal Aortic Calcification in a Cohort of Older Women.

Background: The extent of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a major predictor of vascular disease events. We have previously found regular apple intake, a major source of dietary flavonoids, associates with lower AAC. Whether total dietary flavonoid intake impacts AAC remains unknown.

NAVIGATE: improving survival in vulnerable patients with lung cancer through nurse navigation, symptom monitoring and exercise - study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Introduction And Aim: Low socioeconomic position (SEP) has been shown to be strongly associated with impaired lung cancer survival. Barriers related to receiving recommended treatment among patients with lung cancer with low SEP may include adverse health behaviour and limited physical and psychosocial resources influencing the ability to react on high-risk symptoms and to navigate the healthcare system. To address the underlying factors that drive both decisions of treatment, adherence to treatment and follow-up in vulnerable patients with lung cancer, we developed the Navigate intervention.

Body mass index trajectories in childhood and incidence rates of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood: A cohort study.

Aims: We examined associations between five body mass index (BMI) trajectories from ages 6-15 years and register-based adult-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD) with and without adjustment for adult BMI.

Methods: Child and adult BMI came from two Danish cohorts and 13,205 and 13,438 individuals were included in T2D and CHD analyses, respectively. Trajectories were estimated by latent class modelling.

Assessing how routes to diagnosis vary by the age of patients with cancer: a nationwide register-based cohort study in Denmark.

Background: Older patients with cancer have poorer prognosis compared to younger patients. Moreover, prognosis is related to how cancer is identified, and where in the healthcare system patients present, i.e.

Use and diagnostic outcomes of cancer patient pathways in Denmark - is the place of initial diagnostic work-up an important factor?

Introduction: The Cancer Patient Pathway for Non-specific Symptoms and Signs of Cancer (NSSC-CPP) has been implemented in Denmark with regional and intra-regional differences. In some places, the initial diagnostic work-up (often including a CT scan) is performed by general practitioners (GPs) and in others by hospitals. Variations may influence the use of Organ Specific Cancer Patient Pathways (OS-CPPs) and prognostic outcomes for the patients.

Patients in phase 1 cancer trials: psychological distress and understanding of trial information.

Background: Psychological distress may be present among patients who are considering enrollment in phase 1 cancer trials, as they have advanced cancer and no documented treatment options remain. However, the prevalence of psychological distress has not been previously investigated in larger cohorts. In complex phase 1 cancer trials, it is important to ensure adequate understanding of the study premises, such as the undocumented effects and the risk of adverse events.

Higher Habitual Flavonoid Intakes Are Associated with a Lower Incidence of Diabetes.

Background: Higher flavonoid intakes are hypothesized to confer protection against type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: We aimed to 1) investigate associations between flavonoid intakes and diabetes, 2) examine the mediating impact of body fat, and 3) identify subpopulations that may receive the greatest benefit from higher flavonoid intakes in participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study followed up for 23 y.

Methods: Cross-sectional associations between baseline flavonoid intake, estimated using FFQs and the Phenol Explorer database, and body fat, estimated by bioelectrical impedance, were assessed using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models.

Oral tranexamic acid and thrombosis risk in women.

Background: Oral tranexamic acid is effective for heavy menstrual bleeding, but the thrombosis risk with this treatment is largely not studied.

Methods: Using nationwide registries, we assessed associations between use of oral tranexamic acid and risk of deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and arterial thrombosis in heart or brain in a nationwide historical prospective cohort of Danish women aged 15 to 49 years in the period 1996-2017. Exclusion criteria included potential confounding factors such as history of thromboembolism, anticoagulation therapy, thrombophilia, and cancer.

Vegetable nitrate intake, blood pressure and incident cardiovascular disease: Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study.

Whether the vascular effects of inorganic nitrate, observed in clinical trials, translate to a reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with habitual dietary nitrate intake in prospective studies warrants investigation. We aimed to determine if vegetable nitrate, the major dietary nitrate source, is associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and lower risk of incident CVD. Among 53,150 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study, without CVD at baseline, vegetable nitrate intake was assessed using a comprehensive vegetable nitrate database.

Linoleic acid in adipose tissue and the risk of myocardial infarction: a case-cohort study.

Purpose: We investigated risk of myocardial infarction (MI) associated with the content of linoleic acid (LA) in adipose tissue, a biomarker of long-term dietary intake of LA and a marker of endogenous LA exposure.

Methods: Between 1993 and 1997, 57,053 middle-aged subjects were included in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. We performed a case-cohort study that included a random sample of the full cohort (n = 3167) and all incident MI cases appearing during 16 years of follow-up (n = 2819).

Non-specific symptoms and signs of cancer: different organisations of a cancer patient pathway in Denmark.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the Non-specific Symptoms and Signs of Cancer-Cancer Patient Pathway (NSSC-CPP) in order to describe organisational and clinical practice similarities and differences in the diagnostic work-up of suspected cancer in Denmark.

Material And Methods: A questionnaire on the organisation and practice pertaining to the NSSC-CPP was completed by all 21 diagnostic units in the five healthcare regions in Denmark.

Results: The questionnaire responses revealed regional and intraregional differences in the organisation and clinical practice of the NSSC-CPP.

Replacement of potatoes with other vegetables and risk of myocardial infarction in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort.

Intake of vegetables is recommended for the prevention of myocardial infarction (MI). However, vegetables make up a heterogeneous group, and subgroups of vegetables may be differentially associated with MI. The aim of this study was to examine replacement of potatoes with other vegetables or subgroups of other vegetables and the risk of MI.

The influence of marital status and partner concordance on participation in colorectal cancer screening.

Background: Colorectal cancer screening program using a fecal immunochemical test aims to reduce morbidity and mortality through early detection. Although screening participation is free-of-charge, almost 40% of the invited individuals choose not to participate. To bring new insight into how non-participation can be identified and targeted, we examined the association between marital status and screening participation; with a focus on partner concordance in participation and sex differences.