Conceptualisation and Measurement of Resilience of Adults With Cancer: An Umbrella Review.

Aims: To (1) clarify the key components of resilience of adults with cancer; (2) summarise and analyse the resilience measures used in this population; and (3) discuss future evaluation directions.

Design: An umbrella review.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane library and Epistemonikos were searched in December 2023.

Disparities in cervical cancer elimination timeframes in the United States: a comparative modeling study.

Population-level estimates in timeframes for reaching cervical cancer (CC) elimination (ie, <4 cases per 100,000 women) in the United States may mask potential disparities in achieving elimination among sub-populations. We used three independent Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) models to estimate differences in the time to CC elimination across seven strata of correlated screening and human papillomavirus vaccination uptake, based on national survey data. Compared to the average population, elimination was achieved ≥22 years earlier for the high-uptake strata and ≥27 years later for the most extreme low-uptake strata.

The Screening Tomosynthesis Trial with Advanced Reader Methods (STREAM): design and rationale of a population-based breast cancer screening trial.

Objectives: It is uncertain what the effects of introducing digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in the Dutch breast cancer screening programme would be on detection, recall, and interval cancers (ICs), while reading times are expected to increase. Therefore, an investigation into the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of DBT screening while optimising reading is required.

Materials And Methods: The Screening Tomosynthesis trial with advanced REAding Methods (STREAM) aims to include 17,275 women (age 50-72 years) eligible for breast cancer screening in the Netherlands for two biennial DBT screening rounds to determine the short-, medium-, and long-term effects and acceptability of DBT screening and identify an optimised strategy for reading DBT.

Life after Pelvic Exenteration for Rectal Cancer: The Patient and Carer Perspective on Long Term Consequences and Survivorship.

Objective: To explore the perspectives and experiences of patients and carers living with the long-term consequences of pelvic exenteration.

Summary Background Data: Pelvic exenteration is accepted as the standard of care for selected patients with locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer. With contemporary 5-year survival reported at 40-60%, the number of long-term survivors is expected to increase.

Reduced Breast and Ovarian Cancer Through Targeted Genetic Testing: Estimates Using the NEEMO Microsimulation Model.

The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer largely rely on the identification and clinical management of individuals with a pathogenic variant prior to developing cancer. Simulation modelling is commonly utilised to evaluate genetic testing strategies due to its ability to synthesise collections of data and extrapolate over long time periods and large populations. Existing genetic testing simulation models use simplifying assumptions for predictive genetic testing and risk management uptake, which could impact the reliability of their estimates.

The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delays and disruptions in cancer care services: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic substantially impacted the delivery of cancer services and programs. Here we reviewed and synthesized the global scale and impact of pandemic-related delays and disruptions on cancer services, including diagnosis, diagnostic procedures, screening, treatment and supportive and palliative care. Based on data from 245 articles in 46 countries, we observed declines in the number of cancer screening participation (39.

Preconception care interventions among adolescents and young adults to prevent adverse maternal, perinatal and child health outcomes: An evidence gap map.

Objective: To identify gaps in existing evidence on preconception health interventions to improve the health outcomes of adolescents, young adults, and their offspring.

Study Design: Evidence gap map (EGM) METHODS: Following the Campbell guidelines, we included reviews and interventional studies identified through searches on Medline and other electronic databases from 2010 to July 18th, 2023. Dual screening of titles/abstracts and full texts was conducted on Covidence software, followed by quality assessment and development of 2D-EGM using the EPPI-Reviewer and Mapper software.

Equity in breast density notification in Australia: A focus group study exploring the impact and needs amongst culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women.

Objectives: Previous research suggests a one-size-fits-all approach to breast density notification may disadvantage culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women. This study aimed to qualitatively explore CALD women's understanding and views of breast density, attitudes towards health services access, acceptability of notification and preferences for breast density communication ahead of population-based notification in Australia.

Methods: Online focus groups were conducted with CALD women of breast screening age (40-74 years) who spoke one of the five languages with the lowest English proficiency in Australia (Korean, Mandarin, Cantonese, Vietnamese and Arabic).

Reproductive factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: results from the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Background: There are scarce data on risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Asian populations. Our goal was to advance knowledge on reproductive -related risk factors for EOC in a large population of Asian women.

Methods: This study used pooled individual data from baseline questionnaires in 11 prospective cohorts (baseline years, 1958-2015) in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

An innovative Community Mobilisation and Community Incentivisation for child health in rural Pakistan (CoMIC): a cluster-randomised, controlled trial.

Background: Infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years due to disparities in access and acceptance of essential interventions. The Community Mobilisation and Community Incentivisation (CoMIC) trial was designed to evaluate a customised community mobilisation and incentivisation strategy for improving coverage of evidence-based interventions for child health in Pakistan.

Methods: CoMIC was a three-arm cluster-randomised, controlled trial in rural areas of Pakistan.

How Does Transitioning to Primary Human Papillomavirus Screening Impact Colposcopy Services? Lessons From an Australian National Program.

Objective: In 2017, Australian's National Cervical Screening Program changed from 2-yearly cytology to 5-yearly primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. The Stakeholder Opinions of Renewal Implementation and Experiences Study (STORIES) aimed to capture stakeholder perspectives during implementation of the renewed National Cervical Screening Program.

Materials And Methods: Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with key National Cervical Screening Program stakeholders 11-20 months following the change, either face-to-face, online, or via phone.

Estimates of the eligible population for Australia's targeted National Lung Cancer Screening Program, 2025-2030.

Australia's National Lung Cancer Screening Program will commence in July 2025, targeted at individuals aged 50-70 years with a 30 pack-year smoking history (equivalent to 20 cigarettes per day for 30 years), who either currently smoke or have quit within the past 10 years. We forecasted the number of screening-eligible individuals over the first 5 years of the program using data from the 2019 National Drug Strategy Household Survey and the 2022 Australian Bureau of Statistics population projections. Multiple imputation integrated with predictive modelling of future or unmeasured smoking characteristics was used to address missing data and, simultaneously, to project individuals' smoking histories to 2030.

Homologous recombination deficiency in ovarian cancer: Global expert consensus on testing and a comparison of companion diagnostics.

Background: Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are a treatment option for patients with advanced high-grade serous or endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (OC). Recent guidelines have clarified how homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) may influence treatment decision-making in this setting. As a result, numerous companion diagnostic assays (CDx) have been developed to identify HRD.

Variation in initial biopsy technique for primary melanoma diagnosis: A population-based cohort study in New South Wales, Australia.

Background: Factors associated with nonadherence to guideline-recommended complete excision of suspicious cutaneous lesions are unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze patient, melanoma, and clinician factors associated with initial diagnostic biopsy type and determine whether unwarranted variation from guidelines occurred.

Methods: This population-based, cohort study involved the analysis of data from questionnaires completed by clinicians who managed patients with newly diagnosed, histopathologically confirmed primary invasive cutaneous melanomas reported to the New South Wales Cancer Registry between 2006 and 2007.

Short-Term Effectiveness of a Stepped-Care Model to Address Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Patients With Early-Stage Melanoma.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the Melanoma Care Programme when implemented into routine clinical practice coupled with fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) screening and a stepped-care model of intervention delivery.

Methods: Using a Type-I hybrid effectiveness-implementation design, individuals with stage 0-II melanoma and a Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory FCR severity score of ≥ 13 were offered the Melanoma Care Programme. The programme included a psychoeducational booklet and 3 to 5 psychotherapeutic telehealth sessions with a clinical psychologist, timed around routine dermatological appointments.

Living well with advanced cancer: a scoping review of non-pharmacological supportive care interventions.

Purpose: The increasing number of people living longer with advanced cancer presents unique physical, psychosocial, financial, legal, practical and complex care needs. Supportive care interventions aim to address these needs by improving symptom management, promoting wellbeing, enhancing quality of life and potentially improving prognosis. To integrate supportive care interventions into clinical practice, a comprehensive review of existing studies is needed.

Text message intervention delivered from Australian general practices to improve breast cancer survivors' physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors: protocol for the EMPOWER-SMS-GP effectiveness implementation randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Australian breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, partly due to behavioural risk factors, including unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. Guidelines recommend health promotion delivered by general practitioners (GPs), but resources (ie, time and funding) are limited. Text message interventions sent from general practice to survivors may offer a low-resource solution but have not been evaluated.

Risk of Death Due to Melanoma and Other Causes in Patients With Thin Cutaneous Melanomas.

Importance: Most patients who present with primary cutaneous melanomas have thin tumors (≤1.0 mm in Breslow thickness, ie, pT1a and pT1b). Although their prognosis is generally considered to be excellent, there is limited precise information on the association of risk of death with specific Breslow measurements in thin lesions.

A matter of survival-patients' and carers' perspectives on the decision to undergo pelvic exenteration surgery for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer.

Aim: Pelvic exenteration is the only potentially curative treatment for patients with locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate how patients decide to undergo such radical surgery.

Method: This qualitative study employed an exploratory interpretive design informed by hermeneutic philosophy.

Preferences for the delivery of early abortion services in Australia: a discrete choice experiment.

Background Abortion is a common procedure in Australia; it is estimated that the rate is between 15 and 17 per 1000 women. Surgical and medical abortion options are available; however, the use of medical abortion is not as common as in other similar countries. The aim of this study is to understand preferences for the provision of early abortion services in Australia.

Zinc supplementation for acute and persistent watery diarrhoea in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Zinc is a micronutrient that plays a role in immune system strengthening and regulation of intestinal epithelial cells, and can reduce the duration and severity of diarrhoea. We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effectiveness of zinc compared to no zinc for the management of acute and persistent diarrhoea in children.

Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.

Low-osmolarity oral rehydration solution for childhood diarrhoea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is crucial in the management of diarrhoea. Until the early 2000s, the standard formulation of glucose-based ORS with a total osmolarity of 311 mmol/L was being used for this purpose. However, due to concerns about sodium levels and cases of hypernatremia, a low-osmolarity ORS solution (LORS) with an osmolarity of 245mmol/L or less was developed to replace the standard ORS.

Antibiotics for acute watery or persistent with or without bloody diarrhoea in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute and persistent watery diarrhoea has long been a subject of contention. While the advantages of using antimicrobials are acknowledged, concerns remain regarding potential adverse effects and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of antibiotics compared to placebos for the treatment of diarrhoea.