PAD-mediated citrullination is a novel candidate diagnostic marker and druggable target for HPV-associated cervical cancer.

Citrullination is an emerging post-translational modification catalyzed by peptidyl-arginine deiminases (PADs) that convert peptidyl-arginine into peptidyl-citrulline. In humans, the PAD family consists of five isozymes (PADs 1-4, 6) involved in multiple diseases, including cancer. Given that high-risk (hr) human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiological agents of cervical cancer, in this study, we sought to determine whether PAD-mediated protein citrullination would play a functional role in the HPV-driven transformation of epithelial cells.

Artificial intelligence in radiology: trainees want more.

Aim: To understand the attitudes of UK radiology trainees towards artificial intelligence (AI) in Radiology, in particular, assessing the demand for AI education.

Materials And Methods: A survey, which ran over a period of 2 months, was created using the Google Forms platform and distributed via email to all UK training programmes.

Results: The survey was completed by 149 trainee radiologists with at least one response from all UK training programmes.

Mind the gap: life-threatening retropharyngeal haematoma resulting in acute airway obstruction following blunt trauma by closing train carriage doors.

Delayed life-threatening airway obstruction due to venous injury following blunt, non-penetrative trauma to the neck. A rare case of rapid force, blunt trauma by closing train carriage doors, leading to injury to the left internal jugular vein, subsequent retropharyngeal haematoma and airway obstruction. There was a significant delay of a few hours between injury and acute deterioration.

Image of the month: Mauriac variant: a rare complication of poorly controlled diabetes.

We present a case of Mauriac syndrome in a young woman with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Liver complications are well known in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is associated metabolic complications and with the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease spectrum. This case brings to light a less well-known liver complication associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The reliability of radiographic measures of total ankle replacement position: an analysis from the OARS cohort.

Objective: There is no validated radiographic measurement to diagnose prosthetic complication(s) following total ankle replacements (TARs) although a number of angular and linear measurements, used to define the TAR position on postoperative radiographs, have been recommended to detect prosthetic loosening. The aim of this study was to test the intra- and interobserver reliability of these measurements.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective study embedded within a multicentre cohort study.

Parotid incidentalomas on positron emission tomography: what is their clinical significance?

Objective And Aim: The increased use of PET/CT in cancer staging has resulted in more incidental findings in unexpected locations, making this a challenge for the radiologist interpreting the study. Our aim was to determine the frequency of parotid incidentalomas and to assess the ability of PET/CT to characterize them.

Patients And Methods: At the Norfolk and Norwich University Trust, in between October 2010 to October 2015, 4044 patients had a PET/CT examination.

PGAM5 expression and macrophage signatures in non-small cell lung cancer associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Background: COPD patients are at increased risk of developing non-small cell lung carcinoma that has a worse prognosis. Oxidative stress contributes to carcinogenesis and is increased in COPD patients due to mitochondrial dysfunction. We determined whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a contributing factor to the reduced survival of COPD patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

The distribution of BCG prostatitis: A clue for pathogenetic processes?

Background: We observed in cystoprostatectomy specimens that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) granulomatous prostatitis tended preferentially to affect the peripheral zone (PZ) and aimed to study the matter, postulating that assessment of its distribution might contribute to understanding pathogenetic processes.

Methods: Entire prostate glands from 27 men (47-83 years; mean = 69 years), who had previously received intravesical BCG therapy for non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, were studied as whole-mount sections to determine the anatomical distribution and histopathological characteristics of BCG prostatitis.

Results: Twenty-two (81.

Dupuytren Disease Infiltrating a Full-Thickness Skin Graft.

Although the role of the skin in the development and propagation of Dupuytren disease remains unclear, dermofasciectomy and full-thickness skin grafting (FTSG) appears to delay recurrence. In 2011, a 71-year-old, left-handed man presented with recurrent Dupuytren disease in the dominant hand. In 1991, he originally underwent a primary dermofasciectomy and FTSG for Dupuytren disease involving the palmar skin.

Is learning anatomy facilitated by computer-aided learning? A review of the literature.

Background: There is ongoing debate concerning the best way to teach anatomy. Computer-assisted learning (CAL) is one option for teaching anatomy and these resources are increasingly available.

Aims: To assess the use of such resources in undergraduate medical student anatomy tuition.