Incidence of T2DM and the role of baseline glycaemic status as a determinant in a metropolitan population in northern Madrid (Spain).

Aim: To estimate the incidence of T2DM and assess the effect of pre-T2DM (isolated impaired fasting glucose [iIFG], isolated impaired glucose tolerance [iIGT] or both) on progress to T2DM in the adult population of Madrid.

Methods: Population-based cohort comprising 1,219 participants (560 normoglycaemic and 659 preT2DM [418 iIFG, 70 iIGT or 171 IFG-IGT]). T2DM was defined based on fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c or use of glucose-lowering medication.

Pharmacotherapy for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in youth with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder: a case series of patients prescribed stimulant medication in a partial hospitalization program for eating disorders.

Background: Appetite suppression and weight loss are established potential side effects of most medications for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These side effects may be especially problematic when using stimulants to treat ADHD in the context of a restrictive eating disorder, such as avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), although these diagnoses are often comorbid in children. This paper presents a combined approach to treating ADHD comorbid with ARFID using stimulant medication and behavior management within a partial hospitalization program (PHP) and intensive outpatient program (IOP)for eating disorders.

Survey of Buprenorphine Low-dose Regimens Used by Healthcare Institutions.

Background: Buprenorphine microdosing ("low-dosing") allows for initiation of buprenorphine without requiring patients to endure withdrawal. Case studies suggest its favorable utility as an alternative to conventional buprenorphine induction. However, published regimens vary in duration, dosage forms used, and timing of full opioid agonist discontinuation.

Post-acute Withdrawal Syndrome.

Post-acute withdrawal syndrome is an underresearched topic that affects many patients with substance use disorders after the cessation of substance use. Post-acute withdrawal syndrome is exemplified by the occurrence of substance-specific withdrawal signs and symptoms lasting well past the known timeframe for acute withdrawal of a used substance. Post-acute withdrawal syndrome may also include signs and symptoms that are not substance specific that persist, evolve, or appear well past the expected acute withdrawal timeframe.

Routine Hospital-based SARS-CoV-2 Testing Outperforms State-based Data in Predicting Clinical Burden.

Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, government policy and healthcare implementation responses have been guided by reported positivity rates and counts of positive cases in the community. The selection bias of these data calls into question their validity as measures of the actual viral incidence in the community and as predictors of clinical burden. In the absence of any successful public or academic campaign for comprehensive or random testing, we have developed a proxy method for synthetic random sampling, based on viral RNA testing of patients who present for elective procedures within a hospital system.

Perioperative employee annual evaluations: a 30-second process.

In response to complaints about the annual evaluation tool used at The Community Hospital in Munster, Indiana, the surgical services management team created a tool to rate the perioperative RNs on skills pertinent to the surgical services department. The hospital-wide evaluation tool uses vague criteria, which are regularly challenged by employees who disagree with their manager's evaluation. The new Surgical Services Employee Evaluation takes a manager approximately 30 seconds to complete and can be added to the generic hospital evaluation form to make the employee evaluation more accurate and meaningful.

Reliability and validity of an Italian four-level emergency triage system.

Objectives: To measure the reliability and predictive validity of a four-level triage system (I-4L).

Methods: This observational study was conducted in an urban hospital. Five nurses were randomly selected to assign a triage level to 246 paper scenarios, using the I-4L model.

Validation of the German version of the Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS-D).

Fatigue is a very important factor determining the quality of life in patients with malignancies. Cancer fatigue occurs with anaemia, during and after chemo- or radiotherapy and in patients with advanced tumours. The Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) is a three-dimensional inventory with 15 items which was originally developed in Japan.