Transport chirality generated by a tunable tilt of Weyl nodes in a van der Waals topological magnet.

Chirality - a characteristic handedness that distinguishes 'left' from 'right'-is a fundamental property of quantum particles under broken symmetry intimately connected to their spins. Chiral fermions have been identified in Weyl semimetals through their unique electrodynamics arising from 'axial' charge imbalance between pairs of chiral Weyl nodes-the topologically protected 'relativistic' crossings of electronic bands. Chiral magnetotransport phenomena critically depend on the details of electronic band structure.

Tobacco use, trauma exposure and PTSD: a systematic review.

Tobacco use remains one of the most significant preventable public health problems globally and is increasingly concentrated among vulnerable groups, including those with trauma exposure or diagnosed with PTSD. The goal of this systematic review was to update and extend previous reviews. Of the 7224 publications that met the initial criteria, 267 were included in the review.

Novel sound exposure drives dynamic changes in auditory lateralization that are associated with perceptual learning in zebra finches.

Songbirds provide a model for adult plasticity in the auditory cortex as a function of recent experience due to parallels with human auditory processing. As for speech processing in humans, activity in songbirds' higher auditory cortex (caudomedial nidopallium, NCM) is lateralized for complex vocalization sounds. However, in Zebra finches exposed to a novel heterospecific (canary) acoustic environment for 4-9 days, the typical pattern of right-lateralization is reversed.

Topological surface currents accessed through reversible hydrogenation of the three-dimensional bulk.

Hydrogen, the smallest and most abundant element in nature, can be efficiently incorporated within a solid and drastically modify its electronic and structural state. In most semiconductors interstitial hydrogen binds to defects and is known to be amphoteric, namely it can act either as a donor (H) or an acceptor (H) of charge, nearly always counteracting the prevailing conductivity type. Here we demonstrate that hydrogenation resolves an outstanding challenge in chalcogenide classes of three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators and magnets - the control of intrinsic bulk conduction that denies access to quantum surface transport, imposing severe thickness limits on the bulk.

The IRE1 pathway regulates honey bee Unfolded Protein Response gene expression.

Our molecular understanding of honey bee cellular stress responses is incomplete. Previously, we sought to identify and began functional characterization of the components of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in honey bees. We observed that UPR stimulation resulted in induction of target genes upon IRE1 pathway activation, as assessed by splicing of Xbp1 mRNA.

Remotely supervised transcranial direct current stimulation: A feasibility study for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been investigated as a therapeutic neuromodulation tool in several neurological disorders. However, evidence supporting its efficacy in disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is limited possibly due to limited patient accessibility for research, particularly for individuals with advanced disease progression. Telerehabilitation using home-based protocols allows for remote supervision of tDCS over longer durations, thereby increasing participation, compliance and adherence.

Measuring the complexity of directed graphs: A polynomial-based approach.

In this paper, we define novel graph measures for directed networks. The measures are based on graph polynomials utilizing the out- and in-degrees of directed graphs. Based on these polynomial, we define another polynomial and use their positive zeros as graph measures.

On Properties of Distance-Based Entropies on Fullerene Graphs.

In this paper, we study several distance-based entropy measures on fullerene graphs. These include the topological information content of a graph I a ( G ) , a degree-based entropy measure, the eccentric-entropy I f σ ( G ) , the Hosoya entropy H ( G ) and, finally, the radial centric information entropy H e c c . We compare these measures on two infinite classes of fullerene graphs denoted by A 12 n + 4 and B 12 n + 6 .

Interfacial Stress in the Development of Biologics: Fundamental Understanding, Current Practice, and Future Perspective.

Biologic products encounter various types of interfacial stress during development, manufacturing, and clinical administration. When proteins come in contact with vapor-liquid, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid surfaces, these interfaces can significantly impact the protein drug product quality attributes, including formation of visible particles, subvisible particles, or soluble aggregates, or changes in target protein concentration due to adsorption of the molecule to various interfaces. Protein aggregation at interfaces is often accompanied by changes in conformation, as proteins modify their higher order structure in response to interfacial stresses such as hydrophobicity, charge, and mechanical stress.

The heat shock response and humoral immune response are mutually antagonistic in honey bees.

The honey bee is of paramount importance to humans in both agricultural and ecological settings. Honey bee colonies have suffered from increased attrition in recent years, stemming from complex interacting stresses. Defining common cellular stress responses elicited by these stressors represents a key step in understanding potential synergies.

Controlled microfluidics to examine growth-factor induced migration of neural progenitors in the Drosophila visual system.

Background: The developing visual system in Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model with which to examine the effects of changing microenvironments on neural cell migration via microfluidics, because the combined experimental system enables direct genetic manipulation, in vivo observation, and in vitro imaging of cells, post-embryo. Exogenous signaling from ligands such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is well-known to control glia differentiation, cell migration, and axonal wrapping central to vision.

New Method: The current study employs a microfluidic device to examine how controlled concentration gradient fields of FGF are able to regulate the migration of vision-critical glia cells with and without cellular contact with neuronal progenitors.

Divergent forms of endoplasmic reticulum stress trigger a robust unfolded protein response in honey bees.

Honey bee colonies in the United States have suffered from an increased rate of die-off in recent years, stemming from a complex set of interacting stresses that remain poorly described. While we have some understanding of the physiological stress responses in the honey bee, our molecular understanding of honey bee cellular stress responses is incomplete. Thus, we sought to identify and began functional characterization of the components of the UPR in honey bees.

Open-ocean fish reveal an omnidirectional solution to camouflage in polarized environments.

Despite appearing featureless to our eyes, the open ocean is a highly variable environment for polarization-sensitive viewers. Dynamic visual backgrounds coupled with predator encounters from all possible directions make this habitat one of the most challenging for camouflage. We tested open-ocean crypsis in nature by collecting more than 1500 videopolarimetry measurements from live fish from distinct habitats under a variety of viewing conditions.

Pathways to change: Use trajectories following trauma-informed treatment of women with co-occurring post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders.

Introduction And Aims: Despite advances towards integration of care for women with co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), low abstinence rates following SUD/PTSD treatment remain the norm. The utility of investigating distinct substance use trajectories is a critical innovation in the detection and refining of effective interventions for this clinical population.

Design And Methods: The present study reanalysed data from the largest randomised clinical trial to date for co-occurring SUD and PTSD in women (National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network; Women and Trauma Study).

Structural differentiation of graphs using Hosoya-based indices.

In this paper, we introduce the Hosoya-Spectral indices and the Hosoya information content of a graph. The first measure combines structural information captured by partial Hosoya polynomials and graph spectra. The latter is a graph entropy measure which is based on blocks consisting of vertices with the same partial Hosoya polynomial.

Carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels support central nervous system-derived tumor-cell chemotactic migration: comparison with conventional extracellular matrix macromolecules.

The local microenvironment plays an important role in maintaining the dynamics of the extracellular matrix and the cell-extracellular matrix relationship. The extracellular matrix is a complex network of macromolecules with distinct mechanical and biochemical characteristics. Disruptions in extracellular matrix homeostasis are associated with the onset of cancer.

Cancer cell glycocalyx mediates mechanotransduction and flow-regulated invasion.

Mammalian cells are covered by a surface proteoglycan (glycocalyx) layer, and it is known that blood vessel-lining endothelial cells use the glycocalyx to sense and transduce the shearing forces of blood flow into intracellular signals. Tumor cells in vivo are exposed to forces from interstitial fluid flow that may affect metastatic potential but are not reproduced by most in vitro cell motility assays. We hypothesized that glycocalyx-mediated mechanotransduction of interstitial flow shear stress is an un-recognized factor that can significantly enhance metastatic cell motility and play a role in augmentation of invasion.

Coronary endothelium expresses a pathologic gene pattern compared to aortic endothelium: correlation of asynchronous hemodynamics and pathology in vivo.

Coronary arteries are the most disease prone arteries in the circulation and are characterized by unique hemodynamic features, wherein wall shear stress (WSS) induced by blood flow and circumferential strain (CS) driven by pressure are highly out-of-phase temporally (asynchronous hemodynamics). To investigate whether there is a correlation between asynchronous hemodynamics and pathology in vivo, we examined endothelial cell (EC) gene expression and nuclear morphology in two distinct hemodynamic regions of male New Zealand rabbits: coronary arteries (left anterior descending artery cLAD), and aorta (aortic arch inner curvature, outer curvature, and straight descending aorta). En face imaging showed strong similarities in EC nuclear length:width ratio and angle of orientation in the cLAD and aorta.

Analysis of avian bone response to mechanical loading. Part two: Development of a computational connected cellular network to study bone intercellular communication.

Mechanical loading-induced signals are hypothesized to be transmitted and integrated by connected bone cells before reaching the bone surfaces where adaptation occurs. A computational connected cellular network (CCCN) model is developed to explore how bone cells perceive and transmit the signals through intercellular communication. This is part two of a two-part study in which a CCCN is developed to study the intercellular communication within a grid of bone cells.

Analysis of avian bone response to mechanical loading-Part one: Distribution of bone fluid shear stress induced by bending and axial loading.

Mechanical loading-induced signals are hypothesized to be transmitted and integrated by a bone-connected cellular network (CCN) before reaching the bone surfaces where adaptation occurs. Our objective is to establish a computational model to explore how bone cells transmit the signals through intercellular communication. In this first part of the study the bone fluid shear stress acting on every bone cell in a CCN is acquired as the excitation signal for the computational model.

Mass transport in arteries and the localization of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large arteries that involves a characteristic accumulation of high-molecular-weight lipoprotein in the arterial wall. This review focuses on the mass transport processes that mediate the focal accumulation of lipid in arteries and places particular emphasis on the role of fluid mechanical forces in modulating mass transport phenomena. In the final analysis, four mass transport mechanisms emerge that may be important in the localization of atherosclerosis: blood phase controlled hypoxia, leaky endothelial junctions, transient intercellular junction remodeling, and convective clearance of the subendothelial intima and media.