From Pediatric to Adult Brain Cancer: Exploring Histone H3 Mutations in Australian Brain Cancer Patients.

Genetic histone variants have been implicated in cancer development and progression. Mutations affecting the histone 3 (H3) family, H3.1 (encoded by and ) and H3.

The efficiency-thoroughness trade-off after implementation of electronic medication management: a qualitative study in paediatric oncology.

Objective: The efficiency-thoroughness trade-off (ETTO) principle proposes that people and organizations are often required to make a trade-off between being efficient and being thorough, as it is difficult to be both efficient and thorough at the same time. This study aimed to compare pre- electronic medication management system (EMMS) expectation of how an EMMS is likely to impact on efficiency and thoroughness to post-EMM experiences of an EMMS and the ETTO.

Design: Qualitative interview study.

Comparison of total body irradiation non-total body irradiation containing regimens for de novo acute myeloid leukemia in children.

With limited data comparing hematopoietic cell transplant outcomes between myeloablative total body irradiation (TBI) containing and non-TBI regimens in children with de novo acute myeloid leukemia, the aim of this study was to compare transplant-outcomes between these regimens. Cox regression models were used to compare transplant-outcomes after TBI and non-TBI regimens in 624 children transplanted between 2008 and 2016. Thirty two percent (n=199) received TBI regimens whereas 68% (n=425) received non-TBI regimens.

Respiratory syncytial virus in the Western Pacific Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of viral pneumonia and bronchiolitis, especially in younger children. The burden of RSV infection in adults, particularly in the older age group, is increasingly recognised. However, RSV disease burden and molecular epidemiology in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region (WPR) has not been reviewed systematically.

Associations between circulating inflammatory markers, diabetes type and complications in youth.

Background: Inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications in adults. Little is known about the relative contribution of inflammation in common types of diabetes in youth: type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). This study investigates inflammatory markers by diabetes type and complication status, and assesses indicators of inflammation and complications.

Medication safety incidents in paediatric oncology after electronic medication management system implementation.

Objective: To explore medication safety issues related to use of an electronic medication management system (EMM) in paediatric oncology practice, through the analysis of patient safety incident reports.

Methods: We analysed 827 voluntarily reported incidents relating to oncology patients that occurred over an 18-month period immediately following implementation of an EMM in a paediatric hospital in Australia. We identified medication-related and EMM-related incidents and carried out a content analysis to identify patterns.

Monitoring tuberculosis contact tracing outcomes in Western Sydney, Australia.

Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an important component of strategies to achieve global tuberculosis (TB) elimination, but implementation is rarely monitored. This is a retrospective review of TB contact tracing outcomes at one of the busiest TB clinics in Australia, measured against the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention performance indicators. In total, 45 of 53 (85%) pulmonary TB cases had 171 close contacts, of whom 139 (81%) were evaluated with a tuberculin skin test (TST); 58 of 139 (42%) were positive at baseline.

IL-17 deficiency attenuates allograft injury and prolongs survival in a murine model of fully MHC-mismatched renal allograft transplantation.

IL-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However the role of IL-17 in renal allograft rejection has not been fully explored. Here, we investigate the impact of IL-17 in a fully MHC-mismatched, life-sustaining, murine model of kidney allograft rejection using IL-17 deficient donors and recipients (IL-17(-/-) allografts).

Current Burden of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Injecting Drug Users: A Mini Systematic Review of Prevalence Studies.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) is a major public health concern. It is important to know the current burden of HCV infection among IDUs for targeted public health interventions in this high risk population. We systematically reviewed the published literature on prevalence of HCV infections among IDUs between January 1989 and April 2014.

An Exploratory Survey for Understanding Perceptions, Knowledge and Educational Needs of General Practitioners (GSs) Regarding Autistic Disorders in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Aim: A survey was conducted to ascertain General Practitioners (GPs') perceptions, knowledge and educational needs regarding autistic disorders in childhood.

Methods: A concurrent mixed method approach was used for data collection and analysis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the data was done and groups were compared using appropriate statistical tests.

Isolated absence of right pulmonary artery.

Background: Absence of right pulmonary artery (RPA) is a rare congenital abnormality with variable presentation. The diagnosis is often missed in infants

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe infantile presentation of isolated absence of RPA along with a brief review of the literature.

Methods: The details of five patients diagnosed with isolated absence of RPA from April 2007 to October 2009 were reviewed retrospectively

Results: Five patients were identified with this anomaly.

Urethral diverticulum in a female child.

A urethral diverticulum in a female arises from the wall of the urethra and consists mainly of fibrous tissue lined with epithelium. It is uncommon, and usually presents between decades 3 and 5. Most patients present with non-specific, refractory, lower urinary tract symptoms, unrelated to the diverticulum size or number.

Transitional cell papilloma of the bladder in a child: a case report and review of literature.

Transitional cell papillomas of the bladder are tumours of epithelial origin that are extremely rare in children. A large number have been found to be sited adjacent to one of the ureteric orifices. They are benign and endoscopic excision has been considered curative; however, the rate of recurrence reported in the literature is fairly high, with the earliest recurrence being at 3 months.

The effect of acute intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia treatment on IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP levels in piglets.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated episodes of upper-airway obstruction during sleep leading to significant hypercapnic hypoxic conditions. These conditions are associated with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (including interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and subsequent increased cardiovascular risk. It is unclear whether hypercapnic hypoxia itself causes inflammatory perturbations.

Conversion disorder in Australian pediatric practice.

Objectives: To describe the incidence and clinical features of children presenting to Australian child health specialists with conversion disorder.

Method: Active, national surveillance of conversion disorder in children younger than 16 years of age during 2002 and 2003.

Results: A total of 194 children were reported on.