miR34a: a novel small molecule regulator with a big role in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by pulmonary inflammation leading to impaired alveolarization and vascular dysregulation, have an increased risk of abnormal lung function in infancy, childhood, and adulthood. These include a heightened risk of pulmonary hypertension, and respiratory illnesses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to disrupt normal lung development and function by interrupting alveolarization and vascularization resulting in the development of BPD.

Non-Invasive Ventilatory Strategies to Decrease Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Where Are We in 2021?

Recent advances in neonatology have led to the increased survival of extremely low-birth weight infants. However, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not improved proportionally, partly due to increased survival of extremely premature infants born at the late-canalicular stage of lung development. Due to minimal surfactant production at this stage, these infants are at risk for severe respiratory distress syndrome, needing prolonged ventilation.

Gastroschisis: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Gastroschisis, the most common type of abdominal wall defect, has seen a steady increase in its prevalence over the past several decades. It is identified, both prenatally and postnatally, by the location of the defect, most often to the right of a normally-inserted umbilical cord. It disproportionately affects young mothers, and appears to be associated with environmental factors.

Outcomes in COVID-19 Positive Neonates and Possibility of Viral Vertical Transmission: A Narrative Review.

Objective: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to affect adults and pediatric patients differently. While neonates are a special population, little is known about the neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes in COVID-19 positive neonates and incidence of vertical transmission of the virus by reviewing available literature.

Correction to: Inhibition of microRNA-451 is associated with increased expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and mitigation of the cardio-pulmonary phenotype in a murine model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Correction: Assuring safe patient care in a level III NICU in anticipation of hospital closure.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Inhibition of microRNA-451 is associated with increased expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and mitgation of the cardio-pulmonary phenotype in a murine model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been implicated as a protective factor in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and is known to be regulated by MicroRNA-451 (miR-451). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of miR-451 and the MIF signaling pathway in in vitro and in vivo models of BPD.

Methods: Studies were conducted in mouse lung endothelial cells (MLECs) exposed to hyperoxia and in a newborn mouse model of hyperoxia-induced BPD.

Assuring safe patient care in a level III NICU in anticipation of hospital closure.

Objectives: Hospital closures promote latent factors putting patients at risk for medical errors. Our goal was to maintain safe patient care in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) by preventing any increase in neonatal mortality or hospital-based complications prior to hospital closure.

Methods: Interventions included expanding TeamSTEPPS huddles and Leadership WalkRounds.

An omic approach to congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a pilot study of genomic, microRNA, and metabolomic profiling.

Introduction: The omic approach can help identify a signature that can be potentially used as biomarkers in babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Objectives: To find a specific microRNA (miR) and metabolic fingerprint of the tracheal aspirates (TA) of CDH patients. We conducted a genetic analysis from blood samples.

Perceived overweight/obesity, low resilience, and body size dissatisfaction among adolescents.

Objective: The obesity epidemic has been compounded by the stress of weight stigmatization. Resilience helps adolescents achieve positive outcomes during times of stress. This study aimed to determine relationships between overweight/obesity, perceived overweight/obesity, body size dissatisfaction (BSD), and/or resilience using a novel assessment tool among adolescents, and to determine if a modifiable factor such as resilience holds potential for treatments for BSD.

Measuring Resilience in the Adolescent Population: A Succinct Tool for Outpatient Adolescent Health.

Objective: To create a valid tool to measure adolescent resilience, and to determine if this tool correlates with current participation in risk behaviors and prior adverse childhood events.

Study Design: One hundred adolescents were recruited from primary care clinics in New Jersey for this cross-sectional study. A "7Cs tool" was developed to measure resilience using the 7Cs model of resilience.

Weight gain in the first week of life predicts overweight at 2 years: A prospective cohort study.

In formula-fed infants, rapid weight gain during the first week of life is associated with later obesity. To examine the association between weight gain during the first week and overweight at age 2 among infants with various feeding practices and the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding in early infancy and overweight, we enrolled a prospective cohort of healthy mother-infant dyads and followed them for 2 years. We enrolled 450 mother/infant pairs and obtained information on 306 infants at year 2.

Synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (SNIPPV) decreases work of breathing (WOB) in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) compared to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP).

Synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (SNIPPV) is non-invasive respiratory support that delivers ventilator breaths via the nasal prongs. We hypothesized that SNIPPV is more effective than nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in premature neonates due to decreased work of breathing (WOB). Fifteen infants (BW: 1,367 +/- 325 g, GA: 29.

Work of breathing using high-flow nasal cannula in preterm infants.

Objective: To compare the work of breathing (WOB) in premature neonates supported with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP).

Study Design: Eighteen preterm neonates <2.0 kg on HFNC or NCPAP support were studied in a random order.

Alternative arterial catheterization site using the ulnar artery in critically ill pediatric patients.

Objective: To examine the patterns of usage and associated complications among radial, femoral, and ulnar artery catheters in the pediatric intensive care unit to ascertain the utility of the ulnar artery as an alternative vessel of peripheral cannulation.

Design: A 4-yr retrospective review of all admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit to identify all patients with ulnar, radial, or femoral arterial catheterization.

Setting: Pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care pediatric center.

Changing levels of quiet in an intensive care nursery.

Objectives: To document low sound levels, the range and pattern of levels, and the relative effects of operational (staff and equipment generated) and facility (building generated) noise on the acoustic environment of a level III nursery.

Study Design: A quasi-experimental, prospective, longitudinal study of one bed space. Operational noise was reduced through staff behavior change while facility noise was reduced through renovation.

Periodic breathing and oxygen saturation in preterm infants at discharge.

Objective: Periodic breathing (PB) is a common respiratory pattern in preterm infants. Our aim was to determine the influence of PB on the pattern of oxygenation in preterm infants with significant PB at discharge from hospital.

Study Design: Overnight 12-hour recordings of arterial O(2) saturation (SpO(2)), impedance breathing movement, nasal thermistor signals for airflow, and heart rate were performed in all preterm infants < or = 34 weeks' gestational age at birth, prior to hospital discharge.

Lung recruitment and breathing pattern during variable versus continuous flow nasal continuous positive airway pressure in premature infants: an evaluation of three devices.

Objective: To determine whether lung volume changes and breathing pattern parameters differ among 3 devices for delivery of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in premature infants.

Methods: Thirty-two premature infants receiving nasal CPAP for apnea or mild respiratory distress were enrolled. Birth weight was (mean +/- standard deviation) 1081 +/- 316 g, gestational age 29 +/- 2 weeks, age at study 13 +/- 12 days, and fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO(2)) at study.

Detecting lung overdistention in newborns treated with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.

Positive airway pressure (Paw) during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) increases lung volume and can lead to lung overdistention with potentially serious adverse effects. To date, no method is available to monitor changes in lung volume (DeltaVL) in HFOV-treated infants to avoid overdistention. In five newborn piglets (6-15 days old, 2.

Lung resistance and elastance in spontaneously breathing preterm infants: effects of breathing pattern and demographics.

Reported values of lung resistance (RL) and elastance (EL) in spontaneously breathing preterm neonates vary widely. We hypothesized that this variability in lung properties can be largely explained by both inter- and intrasubject variability in breathing pattern and demographics. Thirty-three neonates receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure [weight 606-1,792 g, gestational age (GA) of 25-33 wk, 2-49 days old] were studied.

Epidermolysis bullosa: a review of the associated urological complications.

Purpose: Epidermolysis bullosa is a devastating rare disorder that rarely presents with urological complications. We report our experience with and review the literature on this disorder.

Materials And Methods: Two brothers with epidermolysis bullosa presented to our center with severe dysuria and urinary tract obstruction caused by meatal stenosis.