Predictive capacity of fetal pancreatic circumference for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To assess the capacity of fetal pancreatic size, before standard blood glucose testing for screening and diagnosis, to predict maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of low-risk pregnant women recruited during routine second-trimester fetal anatomical screening at 20-25 weeks' gestation at two ultrasound units in Israel between 2017 and 2020. The predictive performance of fetal pancreatic circumference ≥ 80 and ≥ 90 centiles and glucose challenge test (GCT) was examined for the outcome of GDM.

The Effects of a Physical Activity Online Intervention Program on Resilience, Perceived Social Support, Psychological Distress and Concerns among At-Risk Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: COVID-19 restrictions have led to social isolation affecting youth's health, particularly at-risk youth.

Objectives: We examined whether an online mentoring health intervention (OMHI) would strengthen characteristics that can prevent risky behaviors: resilience, perceived social support, psychological distress, and crisis concerns.

Methods: Fifty-six secondary-school students participated, 27 in the intervention group and 29 in the control group (mean age 16.

Fascial dehiscence after radical cystectomy: Is abdominal exploration mandatory?

Background: Fascial dehiscence after radical cystectomy may have serious clinical implications. To optimize its management, we sought to describe accompanying intraabdominal findings of post-cystectomy dehiscence repair and determine whether a thorough intraabdominal exploration during its operation is mandatory.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a multi-institutional cohort of patients who underwent open radical cystectomy between 2005 and 2020.

Sonographic measurement of the fetal pancreas in women with gestational diabetes.

Introduction: Maternal glycemic state is positively correlated with fetal insulin secretion. Randomized control studies have shown that treatment during pregnancy inhibits to some degree this glycemic effect. Our study aimed to assess fetal pancreas size in a population of treated mothers with gestational diabetes.

The Spatiotemporal Coupling: Regional Energy Failure and Aberrant Proteins in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The spatial and temporal coordination of each element is a pivotal characteristic of systems, and the central nervous system (CNS) is not an exception. Glial elements and the vascular interface have been considered more recently, together with the extracellular matrix and the immune system. However, the knowledge of the single-element configuration is not sufficient to predict physiological or pathological long-lasting changes.

In-utero treatment of prenatal thoracic abnormalities by thoraco-amniotic shunts, short and long term neuro developmental outcome: A single center experience.

Background: Severe primary fetal hydrothorax (PFH) and fetal lung lesions (FLL) such as congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) and Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) are often treated by thoraco-amniotic shunt (TAS).

Objectives: To compare short and long-term outcome of fetuses treated by TAS due to FLL to those treated due to PFH.

Method: A retrospective analysis was performed for all fetuses treated by TAS, between the years 2004-2015, evaluating the short and long term neurodevelopmental outcome.

Long-term outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma who had initial stable disease with pembrolizumab in KEYNOTE-001 and KEYNOTE-006.

Objective: Patients with melanoma and early stable disease (SD) with pembrolizumab have unclear prognosis. We present post hoc analyses of long-term outcomes for patients with early SD, partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) with pembrolizumab.

Patients And Methods: Patients who received pembrolizumab in the KEYNOTE-001 and KEYNOTE-006 studies and had SD, PR or CR at weeks 12 or 24 were included.

Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Pembrolizumab in KEYNOTE-629.

Introduction: Pembrolizumab provided durable responses and acceptable safety in recurrent or metastatic (R/M) cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in the KEYNOTE-629 study. In this elderly, fragile population with disfiguring tumours, preservation of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is critical. Here, we present pre-specified exploratory HRQoL analyses from the first interim analysis of KEYNOTE-629.

Management of Salter-Harris II distal femur fractures - what is the state of practice? A survey of Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America membership.

Level V Expert Opinion.

Soft Landing technique as a possible prevention strategy for proximal junctional failure following adult spinal deformity surgery.

Background: This cross sectional study describes a "Soft Landing" strategy utilizing hooks for minimizing proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF). The technique creates a gradual transition from a rigid segmental construct to unilateral hooks at the upper instrumented level and preservation of the soft tissue attachments on the contralateral side of the hooks. Authors devise a novel classification system for better grading of PJK severity.

Autoimmune dysautonomia in women with silicone breast implants.

Importance And Objectives: There is unmet medical need to understand the pathogenic mechanism of the panoply of clinical manifestations associated with silicone breast implants (SBIs) such as severe fatigue, widespread pain, palpitations, dry mouth and eyes, depression, hearing loss etc. We aimed to determine whether autoantibodies against the autonomic nervous system receptors can explain the enigmatic and subjective clinical manifestation reported by women with SBIs.

Results: Circulating level of autoantibodies against G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the autonomic nervous system (adrenergic, muscarinic, endothelin and angiotensin receptors) have been evaluated in symptomatic women with SBIs using an ELISA method.

Predicting Risk of Recurrent Patellofemoral Instability With Measurements of Extensor Mechanism Containment.

Background: Identifying risk factors for recurrent patellar dislocation after a primary dislocation may help guide initial treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements relating the alignment of the extensor mechanism to trochlear morphology have been shown to distinguish patients with dislocations from controls, but their usefulness in predicting the risk of a second dislocation is not known.

Purpose: To identify the association of novel MRI measures of patellar containment with recurrent instability in pediatric patients presenting with a first-time patellar dislocation.

Open Reduction of Closed Pediatric Tibial Shaft Fractures Treated With Intramedullary Stabilization Does Not Increase Risk of Postoperative Complications.

Objective: To compare union and complication rates in pediatric patients presenting with tibial shaft fractures treated with closed or open reduction before intramedullary stabilization.

Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Multiple pediatric trauma centers.

Association of BRAF V600E/K Mutation Status and Prior BRAF/MEK Inhibition With Pembrolizumab Outcomes in Advanced Melanoma: Pooled Analysis of 3 Clinical Trials.

Importance: The optimal sequencing of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy for BRAF V600E/K-mutant melanoma is not well established.

Objective: To assess the association of BRAF wild-type (WT) or BRAF V600E/K-mutant status and BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) with or without MEK inhibitor (MEKi) therapy with response to pembrolizumab.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study is a post hoc subgroup analysis of pooled data from 3 multinational, multisite studies: KEYNOTE-001 (data cutoff September 1, 2017), KEYNOTE-002 (data cutoff May 30, 2018), and KEYNOTE-006 (data cutoff December 4, 2017).

Outcome Measure Utilization Demonstrates No Relation to Journal Rank or Level of Evidence for Superior Labral Tears of the Shoulder.

Introduction Superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears are injuries of the shoulder's glenoid labrum involving biceps tendon insertion. We describe the scope of outcome measures used in the SLAP tear literature over the last decade and evaluate whether objective study metrics relate to level of evidence (LOE) and journal rank. Methods A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify all articles on the outcomes of the treatment of patients with SLAP tears published over the period of a decade (2007-2016).

Expert Consensus for a Principle-based Classification for Treatment of Diaphyseal Pediatric Femur Fractures.

Introduction: Recent studies demonstrate considerable deviation from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures (PDFFs). This study aimed to determine if expert-consensus can be reached on a principle-based classification to be applied broadly to a wide variety of PDFF scenarios and if outcomes correspond to adherence to the classification.

Methods: A 2-stage study was performed.

MEWS++: Enhancing the Prediction of Clinical Deterioration in Admitted Patients through a Machine Learning Model.

Early detection of patients at risk for clinical deterioration is crucial for timely intervention. Traditional detection systems rely on a limited set of variables and are unable to predict the time of decline. We describe a machine learning model called MEWS++ that enables the identification of patients at risk of escalation of care or death six hours prior to the event.

Deficits in Explicit Language Problem Solving Rather Than in Implicit Learning in Specific Language Impairment: Evidence From Learning an Artificial Morphological Rule.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to delineate differences between children with specific language impairment (SLI), typical age-matched (TAM) children, and typical younger (TY) children in learning and mastering an undisclosed artificial morphological rule (AMR) through exposure and usage. Method Twenty-six participants (eight 10-year-old children with SLI, 8 TAM children, and ten 8-year-old TY children) were trained to master an AMR across multiple training sessions. The AMR required a phonological transformation of verbs depending on a semantic distinction: whether the preceding noun was animate or inanimate.

Cannabinoids, hippocampal excitability and efficacy for the treatment of epilepsy.

Interest in cannabis and its related cannabinoids THC and CBD for use as anti-convulsant therapy has been progressively increasing. While the destigmatization of cannabis and cannabis related research have progressed in the last few decades, there are still many questions that remain unanswered. This review seeks to summarize the progress made in cannabis research in the past four decades and to identify possible directions for future research that are critical for the development of cannabinoid-based therapy in epilepsy.

PET-CT imaging features that differentiate between positive and negative EWSR1 translocation in Ewing sarcoma.

Objectives: Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) translocation-negative tumors represent a minor portion of small round cell tumors consistent with Ewing sarcoma morphology. The purpose of this study was to differentiate EWSR1 translocation-positive tumors from EWSR1 translocation-negative tumors using PET-computed tomography features.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study 27, Ewing sarcoma patients (December 2011 to November 2016) were divided into two groups, EWSR1 translocation-positive and EWSR1 translocation-negative based on cytogenetic analysis.

Kickball and Its Underappreciated Pediatric Injury Burden: An 18-Year Retrospective Epidemiological Study.

Background: Kickball is a popular childhood game most frequently played during gym class or recess at schools throughout the United States (US). Despite this, the national health burden of injuries associated with kickball has never been explored in the US pediatric population.

Purpose: To report national estimates and demographic characteristics of pediatric patients presenting to US emergency departments between 2000 and 2017 with kickball-associated injuries.

Reconsidering the "Classic" Clinical History Associated with Subluxations of the Radial Head.

Introduction: The national burden of radial head subluxations in the United States (U.S.) population is poorly defined, and non-classical injury mechanisms have been increasingly reported in recent years.

Rhabdomyosarcoma disease spread evaluation on CT scans: Association with primary tumor size and Ki-67 proliferation marker.

Purpose: Ki-67 is a marker of cellular proliferation that is commonly used for the assessment of rhabdomyosarcoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between Ki-67 expression and primary tumor diameter with CT evidence of lymph node and solid organ metastatic spread in rhabdomyosarcoma.

Materials And Methods: An institutional review board approval was granted for this study.