Limited Evidence of Functional Benefit After Upper Limb Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aimed to summarize the reported functional effects of upper limb botulinum toxin treatment in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Design: Six databases were searched in October 2022. Two independent authors screened and extracted data on upper limb function, body function, life quality, muscle tone, spasticity, goals, pain, adverse events, and client satisfaction.

Evaluating User Experiences and Preferred Features of a Web-Based 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool: Usability Study.

Background: Intake24, a web-based 24-hour dietary recall tool developed in the United Kingdom, was adapted for use in New Zealand (Intake24-NZ) through the addition of a New Zealand food list, portion size images, and food composition database. Owing to the customizations made, a thorough evaluation of the tool's usability was required. Detailed qualitative usability studies are well suited to investigate any challenges encountered while completing a web-based 24-hour recall and provide meaningful data to inform enhancements to the tool.

Trends in the healthiness and nutrient composition of packaged products sold by major food and beverage companies in New Zealand 2015 to 2019.

Background: Dietary risk factors are the leading cause of death globally and in New Zealand (NZ). Processed packaged foods are prevalent in the food supply and contribute excess amounts of sodium, saturated fat, and sugar in diets. Improving the nutritional quality of these foods has the potential to reduce population chronic disease risk.

Associations between food insecurity in high-income countries and pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Maternal nutrition is crucial for health in pregnancy and across the generations. Experiencing food insecurity during pregnancy is a driver of inequalities in maternal diet with potential maternal and infant health consequences. This systematic review explored associations between food insecurity in pregnancy and maternal and infant health outcomes.

Measuring the association between the opening of a new multi-national restaurant with young people's eating behaviours.

Out-of-home eating (takeaway, take-out and fast-foods) is associated with intakes of higher energy and fat, and lower intakes of micronutrients, and is associated with excess weight gain. In 2017, a unique opportunity arose to measure the association between the opening of a new multi-national fast-food restaurant (McDonald's) and consumption of fast-food on young people aged 11-16. This study uses a repeated cross-sectional design to explore group level change over time with respect to out-of-home eating behaviours of young people.

Food insecurity during pregnancy in high-income countries, and maternal weight and diet: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Food insecurity is a well-established obesity driver. Less is known about food insecurity during pregnancy. This review (PROSPERO:CRD42022311669) aimed to explore associations between food insecurity, maternal obesity, gestational weight gain (GWG), and nutrition.

Effectiveness and implementation of lower-intensity weight management interventions delivered by the non-specialist workforce in postnatal women: a mixed-methods systematic review.

Lower-intensity interventions delivered in primary and community care contacts could provide more equitable and scalable weight management support for postnatal women. This mixed-methods systematic review aimed to explore the effectiveness, implementation, and experiences of lower-intensity weight management support delivered by the non-specialist workforce. We included quantitative and qualitative studies of any design that evaluated a lower-intensity weight management intervention delivered by non-specialist workforce in women up to 5 years post-natal, and where intervention effectiveness (weight-related and/or behavioural outcomes), implementation and/or acceptability were reported.

'Acceleration' of the food delivery marketplace: Perspectives of local authority professionals in the North-East of England on temporary COVID regulations.

In January 2021, we assessed the implications of temporary regulations in the United Kingdom allowing pubs and restaurants to operate on a takeaway basis without instigating a change of use. Local authorities (LAs) across the North-East of England were unaware of any data regarding the take-up of these regulations, partially due to ongoing capacity issues; participants also raised health concerns around takeaway use increasing significantly. One year on, we repeated the study aiming to understand the impact of these regulations on the policy and practice of key professional groups.

Food insecurity in adults with severe mental illness living in Northern England: A co-produced cross-sectional study.

Aim: This study aimed to explore food insecurity prevalence and experiences of adults with severe mental illness living in Northern England.

Methods: This mixed-methods cross-sectional study took place between March and October 2022. Participants were adults with self-reported severe mental illness living in Northern England.

T-cell receptor determinants of response to chemoradiation in locally-advanced HPV16-driven malignancies.

Background: The effect of chemoradiation on the anti-cancer immune response is being increasingly acknowledged; however, its clinical implications in treatment responses are yet to be fully understood. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven malignancies express viral oncogenic proteins which may serve as tumor-specific antigens and represent ideal candidates for monitoring the peripheral T-cell receptor (TCR) changes secondary to chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods: We performed intra-tumoral and pre- and post-treatment peripheral TCR sequencing in a cohort of patients with locally-advanced HPV16-positive cancers treated with CRT.

Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people: a systematic review examining evidence of physical effects and consumer attitudes.

Objective: To update an earlier review, published in 2016, on the health and other outcomes associated with children and young people's consumption of energy drinks (EDs).

Study Design: Review article.

Systematic Review: Systematic searches of nine databases (ASSIA, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, DARE, Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) retrieved original articles reporting the effects of EDs experienced by children and young people up to the age of 21 years.

Process evaluation of a primary care-based type 2 diabetes remission project in the North East of England.

A type 2 diabetes remission project, Remission in Diabetes (REMI.D), funded by Sport England, was developed by stakeholders based in the North East of England and begun in early 2020. This local delivery pilot sought to tackle health inequalities by working with multiple organisations to demonstrate a way of scaling up an effective type 2 diabetes remission strategy which included both physical activity and dietary components.

Disagreement FDA and EMA on RSV Maternal Vaccination: Possible Consequence for Global Mortality.

The European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration have recently approved a maternal vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus. The US Food and Drug Administration limits vaccination to later in pregnancy. Mathematical modeling demonstrates that this vaccination window may reduce the global mortality impact of the vaccine by 12%.

Food insecurity in adults with severe mental illness living in Northern England: Peer research interview findings.

Food insecurity means that a person does not have access to sufficient nutritious food for normal growth and health. Food insecurity can lead to many health problems such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and other long term health conditions. People living with a severe mental illness are more likely to experience food insecurity than people without mental illness.

Which workplace health initiatives work, for whom, in what contexts, and how? A rapid realist review.

Background: The work environment is an important determinant of health and health inequalities. Workplaces have a key role in preventing ill health. The WHO and Office for Health Improvement and Disparities encourage implementing employer-led workplace health award schemes tailored to specific contexts.

Identification of tax options for high fat, sugar, salt foods for the HEALTHEI Project: a mixed-methods study.

Background: The health economic analysis incorporating effects on labour outcomes, households, environment, and inequalities (HEALTHEI) explores which food taxes would have greatest benefits to health, labour, and work outcomes; household expenditure; environmental sustainability; and inequalities within the UK food system. Work package 1 includes a rapid review and workshops, aiming to explore the effects of price increases in food and non-alcoholic beverages to facilitate the specification of food taxes and research design.

Methods: In this mixed-methods study, we first did a rapid review to examine relevant published evidence.

Regulatory mechanisms to create healthier environments: planning appeals and hot food takeaways in England.

Aims: To explore existing regulatory mechanisms to restrict hot food takeaway (HFT) outlets through further understanding processes at local and national levels.

Methods: The Planning Appeals Portal was utilised to identify recent HFT appeal cases across England between December 2016 and March 2020. Eight case study sites were identified using a purposive sampling technique and interviews carried out with 12 professionals involved in planning and health to explore perceptions of and including factors that may impact on the HFT appeal process.

Co-design and content validity of the movement measurement in the early years (MoveMEY) tool for assessing movement behaviour of pre-school aged children.

Background: Movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep) are important for pre-school children's health and development. Currently, no tools with appropriate content validity exist that concurrently capture these movement behaviours in young children. The aim of this study was to co-design and assess the content validity of a novel tool to concurrently measure movement behaviours in pre-school aged children (aged 3-4 years).

Pharmacological hallmarks of allostery at the M4 muscarinic receptor elucidated through structure and dynamics.

Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a major paradigm in drug discovery. Despite decades of research, a molecular-level understanding of the general principles that govern the myriad pharmacological effects exerted by GPCR allosteric modulators remains limited. The M muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M mAChR) is a validated and clinically relevant allosteric drug target for several major psychiatric and cognitive disorders.

Opportunities to improve population health: possibilities for healthier food environments.

The recent Covid-19 pandemic highlighted stark social inequalities, notably around access to food, nutrition and to green or blue space (i.e. outdoor spaces with vegetation and water).

Bacterial gut microbiome differences in adults with ADHD and in children with ADHD on psychostimulant medication.

Recent evidence suggests that there is a link between neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the gut microbiome. However, most studies to date have had low sample sizes, have not investigated the impact of psychostimulant medication, and have not adjusted for potential confounders, including body mass index, stool consistency and diet. To this end, we conducted the largest, to our knowledge, fecal shotgun metagenomic sequencing study in ADHD, with 147 well-characterized adult and child patients.

Applying and reporting relevance, richness and rigour in realist evidence appraisals: Advancing key concepts in realist reviews.

The realist review/synthesis has become an increasingly prominent methodological approach to evidence synthesis that can inform policy and practice. While there are publication standards and guidelines for the conduct of realist reviews, published reviews often provide minimal detail regarding how they have conducted some methodological steps. This includes selecting and appraising evidence sources, which are often considered for their 'relevance, richness and rigour.

Risk of Mortality in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients During SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Recipients of bone marrow transplant with COVID-19 are at high risk of mortality and morbidity from their underlying immunocompromised state. Graft-versus-host disease and other comorbidities lead to poor COVID-19 outcomes in these patients. Understanding the outcomes and clinical characteristics of bone marrow transplant recipients with COVID-19 is needed to devise potential life-saving therapies for patients with hematologic malignancies.

Investigating 'treat culture' in a secure care service: a study of inpatient NHS staff on their views and opinions on weight gain and treat giving for patients in a forensic secure care service.

Background: Obesity is a significant health inequality within forensic secure care mental health/learning disability inpatient settings. Patients may be at increased risk of developing preventable long-term conditions/premature death. This study investigated staff views on patient weight gain, how it affects patients and how to better manage patient weight in this setting.