State Medicaid Policies Governing Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) and MOUD Treatment Use in a Large Sample of People Who Inject Drugs in 20 U.S. States.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are especially vulnerable to harms from opioid use disorder (OUD). Medications for OUD (MOUD) effectively reduce overdose and infectious disease transmission risks.

Objective: We investigate whether state Medicaid coverage for methadone and buprenorphine is related to past-year MOUD use among PWID using cross-sectional, multilevel analyses with individual-level data on PWID from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2018 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.

Prevalence of Cannabis Use Among US Workers in 15 States, 2016-2020.

To examine the prevalence of cannabis use among US workers using data from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during 2016 to 2020. We analyzed past 30-day cannabis use among US workers. We calculated weighted prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of cannabis use for working adults by industry groups, occupation groups, and sociodemographic characteristics (e.

Sequence-matching adapter trimmers generate consistent quality and assembly metrics for Illumina sequencing of RNA viruses.

Trimming adapters and low-quality bases from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data is crucial for optimal analysis. We evaluated six trimming programs, implementing five different algorithms, for their effectiveness in trimming adapters and improving quality, contig assembly, and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) quality and concordance for poliovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and norovirus paired data sequenced on Illumina iSeq and MiSeq platforms. Trimmomatic and BBDuk effectively removed adapters from all datasets, unlike FastP, AdapterRemoval, SeqPurge, and Skewer.

Laboratory maintenance and care of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and other Triatominae.

Triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) are hematophagous insects that transmit Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent for Chagas disease, to humans and other mammals. As medically important vectors, species such as Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) have long been used as a model organism for physiological studies. Laboratory rearing of triatomines is needed to support vector and parasite research.

Multi-Level Approaches to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevention Education and Training for Health Professionals.

Background: Alcohol-exposed pregnancies, which can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), is one of the most common preventable causes of lifelong intellectual and developmental disabilities in the U.S. Healthcare teams can play a critical role in preventing FASDs; however, they are currently unprepared to do so.

Methods for Teaching Health Equity and Diversity, Equity Inclusion, and Accessibility to Public Health Practitioners: A Semisystematic Review of the Literature.

Context: Training developers and educators play a crucial role in building strategic skills among the public health workforce. They prepare the workforce to respond to and address emerging concerns and priorities, including on the topics of health equity and diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA).

Objective: The purpose of this semisystematic literature review was to identify current evidence-based methods that training developers and educators can apply when teaching DEIA and health equity principles to public health practitioners from various disciplines in the workforce.

Interventions to Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19 Among People Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness: Chicago, Illinois, March 1, 2020-May 11, 2023.

To compare the incidence, case-hospitalization rates, and vaccination rates of COVID-19 between people experiencing sheltered homelessness (PESH) and the broader community in Chicago, Illinois, and describe the impact of a whole community approach to disease mitigation during the public health emergency. Incidence of COVID-19 among PESH was compared with community-wide incidence using case-based surveillance data from March 1, 2020, to May 11, 2023. Seven-day rolling means of COVID-19 incidence were assessed for the overall study period and for each of 6 distinct waves of COVID-19 transmission.

Elevating professional well-being in healthcare.

A crosswalk of the NIOSH Impact Wellbeing™ campaign and the ANCC Pathway to Excellence® Framework.

What We (Don't) Know about the Infectious Disease Burden Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in the United States and Canada.

Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) and sexual and gender minority (SGM) YEH may be at increased risk for infectious diseases due to living arrangements, risk behaviors, and barriers to healthcare access that are dissimilar to those of housed youth and older adults experiencing homelessness. To better understand infectious diseases among YEH populations, we synthesized findings from 12 peer-reviewed articles published between 2012 to 2020 which enumerated YEH or SGM YEH infectious disease burden in locations across the U.S.

Classification Accuracy and Description of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in an Integrated Health Care System, 2006-2017.

Introduction: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic illness characterized by marked functional limitations and fatigue. Electronic health records can be used to estimate incidence of ME/CFS but may have limitations.

Methods: The authors used International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes to identify all presumptive cases of ME/CFS among 9- to 39-year-olds from 2006 to 2017.

A Qualitative Evaluation of the Acceptability of Shigellosis Prevention Recommendations Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Background: Shigellosis is diarrheal disease caused by highly infectious Shigella bacteria. Shigella can spread in multiple ways, including sexual contact. Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men are particularly at risk for shigellosis.

Lethal carbon monoxide generated from small internal combustion engines.

Fuel-burning small engines have the potential to emit dangerous and potentially lethal concentrations of carbon monoxide when used in poorly ventilated environments. The North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner investigated seven cases from 2013 to 2020 involving lethal carbon monoxide from small internal combustion engines. Evaluation of percent carboxyhemoglobin saturation was determined in these case studies as ratios of carboxyhemoglobin to reduced hemoglobin, using HP 8453 and Agilent 8454 UV-Visible Spectrophotometers (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).

Screening Accuracy of BMI for Adiposity Among 8- to 19-Year-Olds.

Background And Objectives: Although the limitations of BMI have long been recognized, there are recent concerns that it is not a good screening tool for adiposity. We therefore examined the cross-sectional relation of BMI to adiposity among 6923 8- to 19-year-olds in the National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2011 through 2018.

Methods: Participants were scanned with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Adenovirus 40/41, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Kansas City 2011-2016.

Background: Most U.S. acute gastroenteritis (AGE) episodes in children are attributed to norovirus, whereas very little information is available on adenovirus 40/41 (AdV40/41), astrovirus or sapovirus.

An Expanded Approach to the Ascertainment of Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs.

Objective: To describe the prevalence, characteristics, and health-related outcomes of children with diagnosed health conditions and functional difficulties who do not meet criteria for having a special health care need based on the traditional scoring of the Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) Screener.

Methods: Data come from the 2016 to 2021 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 225 443). Child characteristics and health-related outcomes were compared among 4 mutually exclusive groups defined by CSHCN Screener criteria and the presence of both conditions and difficulties.

Proposed Framework for Developing and Evaluating Total Worker Health ® Education and Training Programs.

Objective: Propose a framework for developing and evaluating Total Worker Health ® (TWH) education and training efforts by implementing institutions.

Methods: This is a review of TWH information from symposia, workshops, academic offerings, and publications, along with a review of education and training development and evaluation resources applicable across various disciplines.

Results: Examples of knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) are provided for each TWH core competency, and a framework for developing and evaluating a TWH competency-based education or training program.

Involuntary displacement and self-reported health in a cross-sectional survey of people experiencing homelessness in Denver, Colorado, 2018-2019.

Background: The number of people experiencing unsheltered homelessness in the U.S. is increasing.

Should We Be Testing for Mycoplasma genitalium on Initial Presentation? Trends in Persistent/Recurrent Urethritis Among Men Presenting for Care in STD Clinics, 2015-2019, STD Surveillance Network.

Background: Mycoplasma genitalium is a major contributor to persistent/recurrent urethritis cases. However, there are limited published studies on recent trends of persistent/recurrent urethritis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of men presenting with symptomatic urethritis in 16 sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics from 2015 to 2019.

'God is the one who give child': An abductive analysis of barriers to postnatal care using the Health Equity Implementation Framework.

Background: Postnatal care is recommended as a means of preventing maternal mortality during the postpartum period, but many women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) do not access care during this period. We set out to examine sociocultural preferences that have been portrayed as barriers to care.

Methods: We performed an abductive analysis of 63 semi-structured interviews with women who had recently given birth in three regions of Ethiopia using the Health Equity Implementation Framework (HEIF) and an inductive-deductive codebook to understand why women in Ethiopia do not use recommended postnatal care.

Long-acting reversible contraception use and unmet desire among patients after the Zika Contraception Access Network Program in Puerto Rico.

Objectives: To describe unmet desire for long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) after the Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN) in Puerto Rico during the 2016-2017 Zika outbreak.

Study Design: Z-CAN patients completed surveys about contraception experiences over a 3-year period.

Results: Of 1809 respondents, 3% never used LARC but reported wanting it since their initial visit.

Community-based organizations at the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic: Strategies for building equitable COVID-19 vaccine uptake and distribution.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the disproportionate negative health outcomes faced by racial and ethnic minority communities as a result of various factors that affect health equity. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the overwhelming disparities within communities, public health agencies have aimed to establish partnerships with community-based organizations (CBOs) to distribute information about COVID-19 to populations expressing vaccine hesitancy, recognizing that they are necessary partners in ensuring and maintaining equitable distribution of resources. In line with the National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Foundation)'s Health Equity Strategy, the CDC Foundation's Response, Crisis and Preparedness Unit (RCPU) team is responsible for managing the portfolio of more than 110 grants to CBOs across 14 grant opportunities by private and federal funding that supports the COVID-19 response.