Prevalence and clinical characteristics associated with peripheral neuropathy amongst persons on HAART in Busia County, Kenya.

Background: Despite improved immunological and viral load control, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS-related peripheral neuropathy among survivors on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is rising globally raising public health concerns.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of peripheral neuropathy amongst persons on HAART attending Comprehensive Care Clinics in Busia County, Kenya.

Method: This cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study utilised purposive sampling and included 289 adults living with HIV/AIDS.

Enough is enough: Radiation doses in children with gastrojejunal tubes.

Introduction: Many children with gastric feeding intolerance require postpyloric tube feeding via a gastrojejunal (GJ) tube. Placement or positioning of these tubes is typically a procedure with a low dose of radiation. Although the risk of developing cancer from radiation exposure owing to computed tomography scans is well-documented in children, the risk of cumulative radiation exposure owing to frequent GJ tube replacement often goes unnoticed in the clinical decision-making process.

COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems in older adults: Worries and resilience as potential moderators.

Objectives: Older adults may experience loneliness due to social distancing and isolation during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Loneliness may further catalyze numerous poor health outcomes including impaired sleep. This study aimed to assess COVID-19 related worries and resilience as potential moderators of the loneliness-sleep problems link.

Quantifying the effect of nano-TiO on the toxicity of lead on C. dubia using a two-compartment modeling approach.

Nanoparticles (NPs) can significantly influence toxicity imposed by toxic metals. However, this impact has not been quantified. In this research, we investigated the effect of nano-TiO on lead (Pb) accumulation and the resultant toxicity using water flea Ceriodaphnia dubia (C.

Guns, scalpels, and sutures: The cost of gunshot wounds in children and adolescents.

Background: Firearm injuries are the second leading cause of death among US children. While injury prevention has been shown to be effective for blunt mechanisms of injury, the rising incidence of accidental gunshot wounds, school shootings, and interpersonal gun violence suggests otherwise for firearm-related injuries. The purpose of the study is to describe the incidence, injury severity, and institutional costs of pediatric gun-related injuries in Colorado.

Why Delay? Early Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Burn Patients Improves Outcomes.

Children who sustain moderate to large surface area burns present in a hypermetabolic state with increased caloric and protein requirements. A policy was implemented at our institution in 2017 to initiate enteral nutrition (EN) in pediatric burn patients within 4 hours of admission. The authors hypothesize that early EN (initiated within 4 hours of admission) is more beneficial than late EN (initiated ≥ 4 hours from admission) for pediatric burn patients and is associated with decreased rates of pneumonia, increased calorie and protein intake, fewer feeding complications, a shorter Intensive Care Unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and a reduced hospital LOS.

Synchrony in Old Age: Playing the Mirror Game Improves Cognitive Performance.

Objectives: Studies have shown that synchronized motion between people positively affects a range of emotional and social functions. The mirror-game is a synchrony-based paradigm, common to theater, performance arts, and therapy, which includes dyadic synchronized motion, playfulness, and spontaneity. The goal of the current study is to examine the effects of the mirror-game on subjective and cognitive indices in late life.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP): A disorder of osteochondrogenesis.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder of extraskeletal bone formation, but could appropriately be viewed as a seminal disorder of osteochondrogenesis. Many, if not most, of the musculoskeletal features of FOP are related to dysregulated chondrogenesis including abnormal articular cartilage formation, abnormal diarthrodial joint specification, growth plate dysplasia, osteochondroma formation, heterotopic endochondral ossification (HEO), and precocious arthropathy. In FOP, causative activating mutations of Activin receptor A type I (ACVR1), a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor, are responsible for the osteochondrodysplasia that impacts developmental phenotypes as well as postnatal features of this illustrative disorder.

The Nissen Unwrapped: Predictors and Outcomes of Nissen Fundoplication in Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) often require the placement of a gastrostomy button to ensure proper nutrition. Some also require a Nissen fundoplication (NF) to further improve nutrition capabilities in the setting of reflux, however, the clinical and diagnostic imaging characteristics that support NF are variable. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) identify the factors associated with NF in patients with CHD and (2) determine the incidence of NF complications in patients with CHD.

The Parenting Experiences of Hispanic Adolescent Fathers: A Life Course Theory Perspective.

Using a life course theory perspective, this qualitative descriptive study explored how Hispanic adolescent fathers view fatherhood, and how their perception of parenthood is shaped by critical life events. Hispanics are one of the largest ethnic groups, as well as one of the populations that is overrepresented in adolescent births in the United States. Despite this, Hispanic adolescent fathers are understudied and underrepresented in research.

COVID-19-Related Loneliness and Psychiatric Symptoms Among Older Adults: The Buffering Role of Subjective Age.

Objective: The study examined whether subjective age moderated the relationship between loneliness due to the COVID-19 pandemic and psychiatric symptoms.

Methods: A convenience sample of older adult Israelis (N = 277, mean age = 69.58 ± 6.

Effect on metabolic bone disease markers in the neonatal intensive care unit with implementation of a practice guideline.

Objectives: To determine the effect of implementing a 2015 policy for the screening, prevention, and management of metabolic bone disease for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in two Level IV NICUs.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of VLBW infants in the 2 years prior to (2013-2014) and after (2016-2017) policy implementation.

Results: We identified 316 VLBW infants in 2013-2014 and 292 in 2016-2017 who met study criteria.

Incidence and Classification of Nonroutine Events during Anesthesia Care.

Background: A nonroutine event is any aspect of clinical care perceived by clinicians or trained observers as a deviation from optimal care based on the context of the clinical situation. The authors sought to delineate the incidence and nature of intraoperative nonroutine events during anesthesia care.

Methods: The authors prospectively collected audio, video, and relevant clinical information on 556 cases at three academic hospitals from 1998 to 2004.

Making the Invisible Visible: Identifying and Interrogating Ethnic Differences in English Learner Reclassification.

This study explores disparities in reclassification outcomes between Chinese and Latinx English learner (EL) students in one large school district, along with possible mechanisms that drive these differences. Using mixed methods including discretetime hazard modeling of longitudinal administrative data and analysis of in-depth interviews with veteran EL educators and administrators, we find large and persistent ethnic differences in reclassification outcomes across grade levels. Drawing on prior research on inequalities among immigrant students, we find evidence that individual background characteristics, social capital, school and instructional contexts, and stereotypes and bias all contribute to variation in reclassification patterns.

Making and Receiving Offers of Help on Social Media Following Disaster Predict Posttraumatic Growth but not Posttraumatic Stress.

Objectives: Social media provides an opportunity to engage in social contact and to give and receive help by means of online social networks. Social support following trauma exposure, even in a virtual community, may reduce feelings of helplessness and isolation, and, therefore, reduce posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS), and increase posttraumatic growth (PTG). The current study aimed to assess whether giving and/or receiving offers of help by means of social media following large community fires predicted PTS and/or PTG.

Diversity and Inclusion in Unregulated mHealth Research: Addressing the Risks.

mHealth devices and applications, with their wide accessibility and ease of use, have the potential to address persistent inequities in biomedical research participation. Yet, while mHealth technologies may facilitate more inclusive research participation, negative features of some unregulated use in research - misleading enrollment practices, the promotion of secondary mHealth applications, discriminatory profiling, and poorer quality feedback due to dependencies on biased data and algorithms - may threaten the trust and engagement of underrepresented individuals and communities. To maximize the participation of currently disenfranchised groups, those involved in unregulated mHealth research must become aware of potential risks, adopt targeted education policies, audit algorithms for hidden biases, and engage citizen scientists and other community members to identify and forestall possible harms.

Ten-year trends in infant neuroimaging from US Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Objective: To identify patterns of neuroimaging (NI), including cranial ultrasounds (CUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), among a large cohort of United States NICU infants.

Study Design: The retrospective cohort study of the Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse for infants discharged between 2008 and 2017.

Results: From the 863,863 infants during the study period, 204,197 (24%) had at least one NI study.

Evaluating a community fire as human-made vs. natural disaster moderates the relationship between peritraumatic distress and both PTSD symptoms and posttraumatic growth.

This study examined whether attributing a cause of a community fire to a human-made vs. natural disaster moderated the association between peritraumatic distress (PD) and posttraumatic stress (PTSD) symptoms, as well as between PD and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Participants lived in Israeli communities affected by wide-scale fires in November 2016.

Pain Management for Pediatric Burns in the Outpatient Setting: A Changing Paradigm?

Childhood burns are common and distressing for children and their parents. Pain is the most common complaint and often thought to be undertreated, which can negatively influence the child's care and increase the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. There is limited literature on the role of opioids and multimodal therapy in the treatment of pediatric outpatient burns.

Gastroschisis prevalence substantially decreased from 2009 through 2018 after a 3-fold increase from 1997 to 2008.

Background/purpose: Gastroschisis incidence increased 300% in the United States from 1998 to 2013. We sought to assess trends in gastroschisis prevalence in the United States from 1997 to 2018 from a large NICU dataset.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all infants in the Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse from 1997 to 2018.

Environmental filtering, predominance of strong competitor trees and exclusion of moderate-weak competitor trees shape species richness and biomass.

Strong competitor (i.e. big-sized) trees are globally crucial for promoting aboveground biomass.

Variability in protein cargo detection in technical and biological replicates of exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) of ~20-200 nm diameter that shuttle DNAs, RNAs, proteins and other biomolecules between cells. The large number of biomolecules present in exosomes demands the frequent use of high-throughput analysis. This, in turn, requires technical replicates (TRs), and biological replicates (BRs) to produce accurate results.

Individual Mesopontine Neurons Implicated in Anesthetic Loss-of-consciousness Employ Separate Ascending Pathways to the Cerebral Cortex.

The mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA) is a small brainstem nucleus that, when exposed to minute quantities of GABA receptor agonists, induces a state of general anesthesia. In addition to immobility and analgesia this state is accompanied by widespread suppression of neural activity in the cerebral cortex and high delta-band power in the electroencephalogram. Collectively, MPTA neurons are known to project to a variety of forebrain targets which are known to relay to the cortex in a highly distributed manner.

Non-pregnant Women Have a Lower Vitamin D than Pregnant Women After Gastric Bypass.

Objective: To compare the nutritional status of vitamin D, calcium, and serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) between women undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) who became pregnant and women who did not become pregnant during the same postoperative period, as well as the impact of these changes on maternal and child health.

Methods: This is a longitudinal and retrospective study of women who previously underwent RYGB, paired by age and preoperative body mass index (BMI), divided into two groups: group 1 (G1), comprising 79 women who did not become pregnant, and group 2 (G2), comprising 40 pregnant women assessed in the overall trimesters. Both groups were analyzed before surgery (T0) and in the same interval after surgery: less than or equal to 1 year (T1) or greater than 1 year (T2), with a 2-year period at the most.

Investigating the double-deficit hypothesis of developmental dyslexia in an orthography of intermediate depth.

The present study aimed to investigate the double-deficit hypothesis (DDH) in an orthography of intermediate depth. Eighty-five European Portuguese-speaking children with developmental dyslexia, aged 7 to 12, were tested on measures of phonological awareness (PA), naming speed (NS), reading, and spelling. The results indicated that PA and NS were not significantly correlated, and that NS predicts reading fluency (but not reading accuracy and spelling) beyond what is accounted for by PA.