Prognostic factors in patients with gastrointestinal perforation under the acute care surgery model : a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Gastrointestinal perforation (GIP) is a life-threatening condition that necessitates immediate surgical intervention. This study aims to identify prognostic factors in patients with GIP treated within a standardized acute care surgery (ACS) framework.

Materials And Methods: This single center retrospective cohort study analyzed patients diagnosed with GIP who underwent emergent surgery and were admitted to the intensive care unit between January 2013 and March 2023.

Effects of Socioeconomic Status on the Health of Menopausal Mothers in Multicultural Families in Korea: A Test of the Reserve Capacity Model.

Based on the Reserve Capacity Model, this study examined the effect of SES(socioeconomic status) on health status on the health status of menopausal mothers of multicultural families, focusing on mediating effects of self-esteem, assimilation, integration, separation, marginalization, and daily life stress. This is a cross-sectional survey study with secondary analysis of national data on 683 perimenopausal mothers in multicultural families from the 9th Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study surveyed by the Korea Youth Policy Institute in 2019. The subjects were women aged 45-55 years and foreign nationals by origin.

Prognostic models for progression-free survival in atypical meningioma: Comparison of machine learning-based approach and the COX model in an Asian multicenter study.

Background And Purpose: Atypical meningiomas are prevalent intracranial tumors with varied prognoses and recurrence rates. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) in atypical meningiomas remains debated. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model incorporating machine learning techniques and clinical factors to predict progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with atypical meningiomas and assess the impact of ART.

Prognostic impact of lymphovascular invasion in node-negative gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) has been identified as a prognostic factor in various cancers, but its significance in node-negative gastric cancer remains unclear. Gastric cancer prognosis is notably affected by lymph node metastasis, with LVI potentially indicating metastatic spread.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 5,699 patients who underwent curative radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer between 1989 and 2018.

Diagnostic performance of PET-CT and technical efficacy of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of small and intermediate size malignant supraclavicular lymph nodes.

Aim: We aimed (1) to determine optimal PET-CT SUV and ultrasound (US) features associated for malignant smallintermediate size supraclavicular lymph nodes (SCN) and (2) to evaluate technical efficacy of core needle biopsy (CNB). Materials and methods: Between 2020 and 2023, CNB of SCN with short-axis less than 15 mm were included. PET-CT was evaluated for optimal SUV cut-off value.

Injection of an allodermal matrix and leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma mixture improved the tendon integrity in cases of full-thickness common extensor tendon tears of the elbow: Two case reports.

Rationale: Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a chronic condition characterized by tendinosis at the insertion site of the lateral epicondyle. Various treatment methods are available, ranging from conservative to surgical options for refractory lateral epicondylitis. Recently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have shown effectiveness for treating this condition.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in adults with obesity in Korea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 4 trial (QUEEN's study).

Aims: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination of phentermine and delayed-release topiramate (PHEN/TPM CR) versus placebo as an adjunct to standard lifestyle recommendations in Korean adults.

Materials And Methods: This 56-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 4 trial enrolled adults (age 19-70 years) with obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) at eight sites in South Korea. After a 12-week lifestyle programme, participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive PHEN/TPM CR or placebo.

Noninvasive Grading of Liver Fibrosis Based on Texture Analysis From MRI-Derived Radiomics.

Given the increasing global prevalence of metabolic syndrome, this study aimed to assess the potential of MRI-derived radiomics in noninvasively grading fibrosis. The study included 79 prospectively enrolled participants who had undergone MRE due to known or suspected liver disease between November 2022 and September 2023. Among them, 48 patients were diagnosed with histopathologically confirmed liver fibrosis.

Clinical evaluation of usefulness and effectiveness of sitting-type continuous passive motion machines in patients with total knee arthroplasty: a dual-center randomized controlled trial.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a treatment option for osteoarthritis of the knee. After undergoing TKA, patients can be treated with continuous passive motion (CPM); however, inconsistent results have been reported on the effectiveness of CPM as part of a rehabilitation strategy. This discrepancy may be due to the difference between the set-arc of CPM and real arcs of knee motion.

Platelet Count Normalization Following Romosozumab Treatment for Osteoporosis in Patient with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Romosozumab, which is approved for the treatment of osteoporosis, has a dual-action mechanism that promotes bone formation and inhibits bone resorption. However, its association with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, as highlighted in the ARCH I study, raises concerns. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, possibly involving changes in platelet dynamics, are yet to be fully elucidated.

Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Docetaxel/Cisplatin/5-Fluorouracil Combined with Pegteograstim for Unresectable, Locally Advanced Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: KCSG HN18-07.

Purpose: The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) has not been established prospectively. We conducted a phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (TPF) in this population.

Materials And Methods: Eligible patients had unresectable, locally advanced SNSCC, defined as T3/4 stage or potential compromise of critical organ function on surgery.

Psychological Well-being Interactively Affected by Long Working Hours and Caregiving Activities.

Background: Long working hours and caregiving responsibilities are prevalent in many societies. These demands can lead to stress and adverse mental health outcomes. This study examines the associations of long working hours and family caregiving on psychological well-being and their interactions among South Korean wage workers.

Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: the role of regulatory T cells in immune modulation and graft tolerance.

Prolonged immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplantation (LT) is associated with significant adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity, metabolic complications, and heightened risk of infection or malignancy. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a promising target for inducing immune tolerance in LT, with the potential to reduce or eliminate the need for life-long immunosuppression. This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles of Tregs in LT, highlighting their mechanisms and the impact of various immunosuppressive agents on Treg stability and function.

Chromosome-level assemblies of the endemic Korean species Abeliophyllum distichum and Forsythia ovata.

Abeliophyllum distichum and Forsythia ovata are closely related species endemic to Korea and are highly valued as ornamental shrubs in the Oleaceae family. A combination of PacBio and Illumina sequencing with Hi-C scaffolding technologies was employed to develop chromosome-level genome assemblies of these species. The assembled genome sizes are 795.

Comprehensive Analysis of Neurologic Complications Following Transradial Cerebral Angiography.

Background And Purpose: Transradial access (TRA) for cerebral angiography has become more popular due to fewer complications and greater patient comfort compared to transfemoral access. However, the frequency and nature of neurologic complications linked to TRA remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the incidence of symptomatic neurologic complications after transradial cerebral angiography, identify risk factors, and characterize clinical and imaging features of these complications.

Linsitinib inhibits IGF-1-induced cell proliferation and hyaluronic acid secretion by suppressing PI3K/Akt and ERK pathway in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), an autoimmune disorder of the retrobulbar tissue, is present in up to 50 percent of Graves's hyperthyroidism patients. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) has received attention as a target for the development of therapeutic agent for TAO. IGF-1R and TSHR (thyroid stimulating hormone receptor) interact with each other to form a physical or functional complex, further promoting the development of TAO.

A Machine Learning Model to Predict De Novo Hepatocellular Carcinoma Beyond Year 5 of Antiviral Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B.

Background And Aims: This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients after the first 5 years of entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir (TFV) therapy.

Methods: CHB patients treated with ETV/TFV for > 5 years and not diagnosed with HCC during the first 5 years of therapy were selected from two hospitals. We used 36 variables, including baseline characteristics (age, sex, cirrhosis, and type of antiviral agent) and laboratory values (at baseline, at 5 years, and changes between 5 years) for model development.

Atypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine inhibits 5-HT receptor-mediated currents by allosteric and non-competitive mechanisms.

Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder due to its modulation of dopamine and serotonin receptor systems. While its primary action involves antagonism of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine)A receptors, recent evidence suggests that olanzapine also inhibits 5-HT receptors, which are ligand-gated ion channels involved in synaptic transmission in central and peripheral nervous systems. The present study aimed to investigate the action of olanzapine on 5-HT receptor-mediated currents using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in NCB-20 neuroblastoma cells.

Quetiapine competitively inhibits 5-HT receptor-mediated currents in NCB20 neuroblastoma cells.

The 5-hydroxytryptamine type (5-HT) receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel, plays a critical role in synaptic transmission. It has been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic, could inhibit 5-HT receptor-mediated currents in NCB20 neuroblastoma cells.

Osteochondral Abnormalities on Three-Dimensional Ultrashort Echo Time MRI Scans Are Associated with Knee Cartilage Degradation.

Background The calcified cartilage layer and subchondral bone plate (SBP) contribute to osteoarthritis development. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo-time (UTE) MRI can help to evaluate calcified cartilage and SBP in various stages of cartilage degradation. Purpose To compare calcified cartilage and SBP abnormalities using 3D UTE MRI with cartilage degradation and osteochondral junction (OCJ) abnormalities observed at proton-density fast spin-echo with fat suppression (PDFS) MRI.

Efficacy of Oral Sulfate Tablet and 2 L-Polyethylene Glycol With Ascorbic Acid for Bowel Preparation: A Prospective Randomized KASID Multicenter Trial.

Background: Oral sulfate tablets (OSTs) are bowel preparation agents that combine oral sulfate solution and simethicone. This study compared the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of OST compared to 2 L-polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid (2 L-PEG/ASC).

Methods: This prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blinded, multicenter, noninferiority trial enrolled 211 healthy adults who underwent colonoscopy between May 2020 and September 2022 at 13 university hospitals.

Comparison of Risk-Scoring Models to Predict Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Direct Oral Anticoagulants.

Background And Aim: The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) remains a concern with the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). We evaluated the efficacy of four risk-scoring models (HAS-BLED, ATRIA, VTE-BLEED, and ORBIT) in predicting GIB according to the concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy in DOAC users.

Methods: Patients prescribed DOAC between December 2014 and October 2020 were enrolled in two university-affiliated hospitals.

Muscle Mass Index Decline as a Predictor of Lung Function Reduction in the General Population.

Background: This study explores the link between muscle mass decline and lung function deterioration, which can worsen respiratory health by reducing exercise capacity and quality of life. The relationship between muscle mass index (MMI) changes and lung function in the general population remains unclear, especially as muscle mass fluctuates with aging. We aimed to clarify this dynamic relationship by examining how changes in muscle mass impact pulmonary function and the development of respiratory symptoms.