The association of early post-resuscitation hypotension with discharge survival following targeted temperature management for pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Aim: Approximately 40% of children who have an in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in the US survive to discharge. We aimed to evaluate the impact of post-cardiac arrest hypotension during targeted temperature management following IHCA on survival to discharge.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest in-hospital (THAPCA-IH) trial.

Drug shortage-associated increase in catheter-related blood stream infection in children.

Background: Ethanol lock therapy (ELT) has been shown to reduce the incidence of catheter-related blood stream infections (CRBSI) in intestinal failure (IF) patients. Dosing and frequency remains undefined. Scrutiny of pharmaceutical facilities by the Food and Drug Administration led to the voluntary shutdown of the sole supplier of ethanol, resulting in a nationwide shortage.

Two-stage basilic vein transposition-a new approach for pediatric dialysis access.

Purpose: The fistula first initiative has led to increased efforts to create arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) as primary dialysis access. Two-stage basilic vein transposition (BVT) allows maturation of smaller veins, often a limiting factor in the pediatric population, before elevation and use. We sought to determine whether using 2-stage BVT improves maturation, use, and patency compared with other AVFs, including arteriovenous (AV) grafts.

Chylothorax after congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair.

Purpose: Chylothorax after congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair contributes significantly to morbidity. Our aim was to identify factors contributing to chylothorax and effective treatment strategies.

Methods: We reviewed 171 patients with CDH from 1997 to 2008 and analyzed hernia characteristics, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use, operative details, and treatment approaches for chylothorax.

Canadian C-spine Rule and the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Low-Risk Criteria for C-spine radiography in young trauma patients.

Purpose: The Canadian C-spine (cervical spine) Rule (CCR) and the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Low-Risk Criteria (NLC) are criteria designed to guide C-spine radiography in trauma patients. It is unclear how these 2 rules compare with young children.

Methods: This study retrospectively examined case-matched trauma patients 10 years or younger.

Right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: high utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and high survival.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the treatment strategies and outcome of right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (R-CDH), particularly extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Methods: We reviewed the cases of 42 patients treated for R-CDH at our institution from 1991 to 2006. We gathered demographic information, documented ECMO use and the type of surgical repair, and compared outcomes with predicted survival as calculated by the CDH Study Group's equation.

Impact of work-hour restrictions on residents' operative volume on a subspecialty surgical service.

Background: Whether the 80 hours per week limit on surgical residents' work hours has reduced the number or variety of cases performed by residents is unknown.

Study Design: We quantified residents' operative experience, by case category, on a pediatric surgical service. The number of senior and junior residents' cases were compared between residents from the year before (n = 47) and after (n = 44) the 80-hour limit.