The phenomenon of spontaneous tumor regression in breast cancer.

Spontaneous tumor regression is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon of partial or complete disappearance of primary tumor tissue or associated metastases in the absence of therapeutic intervention. Cases of spontaneous regression have been established in malignant tumors, such as testicular germ cell tumor, renal cell cancer, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, colon cancer, breast cancer, as well as metastases. Breast cancer has increasingly been reported to have a higher rate of spontaneous regression than previously thought.

Clinical Evidence for the Benefits of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Colon Cancer: A Concise Review.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has long been considered technically difficult in locally advanced colon cancer (LACC). However, the introduction of oxaliplatin-based regimens led to a growing interest in NAC for patients with LACC. Several cohort studies showed that NAC was safe and reduced the rate of incomplete resection in patients with LACC.

Smartphone sensor data estimate alcohol craving in a cohort of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease and alcohol use disorder.

Background: Sensors within smartphones, such as accelerometer and location, can describe longitudinal markers of behavior as represented through devices in a method called digital phenotyping. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of digital phenotyping for patients with alcohol-associated liver disease and alcohol use disorder, determine correlations between smartphone data and alcohol craving, and establish power assessment for future studies to prognosticate clinical outcomes.

Methods: A total of 24 individuals with alcohol-associated liver disease and alcohol use disorder were instructed to download the AWARE application to collect continuous sensor data and complete daily ecological momentary assessments on alcohol craving and mood for up to 30 days.

An unusual case of B-cell lymphoma of the scalp.

B-cell lymphoma is a lymphoproliferative non-Hodgkin lymphoma arising from B cells, a type of immune lymphocytes that produces antibodies in the follicles of lymph nodes. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL), a subtype of B cell lymphoma, originates within cutaneous tissue without evidence of extracutaneous involvement. There are very few reports of PCBCLs originating in the scalp.

Eravacycline, the first four years: health outcomes and tolerability data for 19 hospitals in 5 U.S. regions from 2018 to 2022.

The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, especially MDR Gram-negatives, poses a significant challenge to clinicians and public health. These resilient bacteria have rendered many traditional antibiotics ineffective, underscoring the urgency for innovative therapeutic solutions. Eravacycline, a broad-spectrum fluorocycline tetracycline antibiotic approved by the FDA in 2018, emerges as a promising candidate, exhibiting potential against a diverse array of MDR bacteria, including Gram-negative, Gram-positive, anaerobic strains, and Mycobacterium.

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring in Asymptomatic Patients.

Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is an important prognostic tool for personalized cardiovascular preventive care and has recently been incorporated into American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. CAC provides direct visualization and quantification of CAC burden for risk stratification and primary prevention of cardiovascular events in an asymptomatic population. CAC scoring is recommended for individuals with intermediate 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and selective populations with borderline ASCVD risk.

One Provider Anesthesia Model in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

The one provider anesthesia model used in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) practices has been a subject of debate due to concerns about patient safety, inadequate attention, and mortality and morbidity rates. Historically, OMS specialists have made significant contributions to modern anesthesia; however, recent changes in Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have led to increased scrutiny of the OMS anesthesia model. Proponents argue that the model is safe and effective, thanks to well-trained Dental Anesthesia Assistants and OMS surgeons' extensive experience in dental anesthesia cases.

Post-Procedure Analgesic Management.

During the development of multimodal pain management protocols, practitioners need to consider the potential risks each treatment modality inherently carries in order to prevent or diminish harmful outcomes. As an example, the part dentists played in the early stages of the opioid epidemic in the United States of America should serve as a cautionary account. By understanding the roots of this crisis, as practitioners we are better equipped to implement the novel analgesic agents available today to optimize post-operative pain control while minimizing any risk of addiction and harm to our communities.

Controversies in Stoppage of Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Medications Prior to Oral Surgery.

Dental procedures can pose a risk of bleeding, and it is not uncommon for dentists to consult prescribing physicians regarding a mutual patient's antiplatelet and anticoagulant medication to prevent excessive bleeding during or after an upcoming procedure. However, there has been a growing controversy in the dental community surrounding the stoppage of these medications prior to dental procedures. Some believe that stopping these medications prior to dental procedures is necessary to reduce the risk of bleeding complications, while others argue that stopping them can increase the risk of stroke or other thromboembolic events.

Immediate Restoration of an Endosseous Implant.

As the field of implant dentistry continues to evolve, new techniques and technologies arise that can provide great benefits to the partial or completely edentulous patient. The purpose of this article is to review the history, definition, and rationale of immediate loading of dental implants with the goal of providing evidence-based recommendations for implementation into clinical practice. Relevant literature is summarized and includes discussion regarding prerequisites for immediate loading/restoration of an endosseous implant.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Periimplant Mucositis and Periimplantitis: An Overview and Related Controversial Issues.

Periimplant mucositis and periimplantitis are common complications of dental implant. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the 2017 World Workshop's new definition, clinical and radiographic presentation, pathogenesis, risk factors, and classification of periimplant diseases. Also, the authors discuss various types of instruments, materials, and techniques commonly used for treatment of nonsurgical and surgical periimplantitis.

Management of Burning Mouth Syndrome.

This article provides an update for the practicing dentist and/or oral and maxillofacial surgeon on the recognition, identification, and treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). We discuss the most common clinical findings and most common causes of BMS. This article provides a classification flowchart that assists the practitioner in diagnosing and classifying BMS.

Controversies in Sleep Apnea.

This chapter discusses controversies in diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with particular focus on surgical management to improve quality of life. Though OSA is a complex disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, its management remains controversial among clinicians. Gaps in understanding its pathophysiology, long-term health consequences, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies exist.

Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in a Patient With Newly Diagnosed HIV and a High CD4 Count.

pneumonia (PCP) is a rare, life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection that rarely occurs with CD4 counts greater than 200 cells/mm3. We present a case of PCP in a young male who presented with fever, weakness, dyspnea, and a non-productive cough. He was initially treated for community-acquired pneumonia but was then noted to be HIV positive with signs of immunosuppression such as oral thrush.

From Emergence to Endemicity: A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), later renamed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019. Initially, the China office of the World Health Organization was informed of numerous cases of pneumonia of unidentified etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province at the end of 2019. This would subsequently result in a global pandemic with millions of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and millions of deaths reported to the WHO.

Prophylactic uterine artery embolization in first-trimester cervical pregnancy termination with placenta accreta: A case report.

The current standard treatment for placenta accreta is a hysterectomy, which carries a significant risk of hemorrhage. Although prophylactic uterine artery embolization (UAE) is established as an effective means of minimizing perioperative bleeding, there are few reports of its use early in pregnancy with invasive placenta. A 45-year-old woman, gravida 6, para 1, at 11 weeks of gestation presented with heavy, painless uterine bleeding and was diagnosed with a spontaneous abortion complicated by cervical pregnancy and placenta accreta.

A Case of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma and the Difficulties of Diagnosis.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a rare and aggressive form of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). It can present with signs and symptoms that have broad differentials, including fevers, night sweats, and skin rashes. In this case report, we present an interesting case of a young male of Nigerian descent with recently treated malaria who presented with such symptoms and a picture that was complicated, due to an inconclusive excisional biopsy for lymphoma.

Prediabetes is an incremental risk factor for adverse cardiac events: A nationwide analysis.

Background And Aims: Prediabetes is defined as a state of impaired glucose metabolism with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels that precede those of a diabetic state. There is increasing evidence that suggests that hyperglycemic derangement in prediabetes leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications even before progression to overt diabetes mellitus. We aim to identify the association of prediabetes with acute cardiovascular events.

Cardioprotective effect of antiviral therapy among hepatitis C infected patients: A meta-analysis.

Background: Hepatitis C (HCV) infections have been shown to be associated a with higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the use of antiviral therapy (AVT) and the risk of CVD has not been well established with limited literature.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the association between AVT use post-HCV infection and cardiovascular outcomes.

Anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics and synbiotics on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An umbrella study on meta-analyses.

Background And Aim: The impact of chronic low-grade inflammation in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been studied widely. Previous studies showed gut pathogens' effects on inflammation development in NAFLD patients; hence, hypothetically, gut microbial therapy by administration of probiotics, synbiotics, and prebiotics may alleviate inflammation in these individuals. Several studies were performed in this regard; however, conflicting results were obtained.

Autoimmune Hypoglycemia With Anti-Insulin Autoantibodies in an Eighty-One-Year-Old Woman Without Apparent Risk Factors.

Background/objective: Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a very rare cause of hypoglycemia presenting with recurrent fasting or postprandial hypoglycemia episodes with elevated serum insulin levels and insulin autoantibodies. The objective of this case is to highlight the importance of considering IAS in patients with hypoglycemia.

Case Report: We present a case of an 81-year-old female who presented with symptoms of hypoglycemia.

Role of microRNA in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a comprehensive review.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver condition that affects people who do not overconsume alcohol. Uncertainties exist over how microRNAs (miRNAs) in the blood and liver relate to NAFLD. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate the role of miRNAs in the onset and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from NAFLD, and explore their potential as diagnostic tools and treatment targets for NAFLD patients.