Outcomes and complications of external ventricular drainage in primary and secondary intraventricular hemorrhage: a descriptive observational study.

Objective: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a serious condition with high mortality rates and poor functional outcome in survivors. Treatment includes external ventricular drains (EVDs), which are associated with several complications. This study reports the clinical outcome and complication rate in patients with primary IVH (pIVH) and secondary IVH treated with EVDs.

The pediatric Brain Injury Guidelines: a retrospective clinical validation study.

Objective: Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant public health concern and source of resource utilization. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of the previously published pediatric Brain Injury Guidelines (pBIG) to identify patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) who might not require routine repeat neuroimaging, neurosurgical consultation, or hospital admission in a large level I and level II trauma cohort.

Methods: Pediatric patients who presented with traumatic ICH between 2018 and 2022 at the included institutions were retrospectively reviewed and sorted into pBIG categories using clinical and radiographic criteria.

Predictive factors for traumatic cerebral contusion volume, expansion, and outcomes.

Objective: Traumatic hemorrhagic cerebral contusions are a well-established cause of morbidity and mortality in neurosurgery. This study aimed to determine prognostic factors for long-term functional outcomes and longitudinal contusion volume changes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.

Methods: Data from 285 patients with traumatic cerebral contusions were retrospectively reviewed to identify variables predictive of initial contusion volume, contusion expansion on short-term follow-up imaging, and functional outcomes according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

Neurological and functional outcomes of 32 patients with hemorrhagic brainstem cavernous malformations: a practical guide for surgical planning.

Objective: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) were once considered inoperable. Microsurgical resection now represents a valuable option for treating patients with hemorrhagic or symptomatic lesions. The aim of this study was to provide a practical guide for surgical planning by analyzing postoperative neurological and functional outcomes.

Assessment of the effects of harvesting period of Clusia fluminensis Planch & Triana fruits on neutralization of the toxic activities of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom.

Snakebite envenomation is a public health issue that can lead to mortality and physical consequences. It is estimated that 5.4 million venomous snake bites occur annually, with 130,000 deaths and 400,000 amputations.

Risk Factors for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in a Large Clinical Database.

Purpose: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the leading cause of surgical failure following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). In this study, we aimed to explore ocular and systemic risk factors for PVR due to RRD in a large patient database.

Methods: Patients who have a diagnosis of RRD and PVR, and who have been seen in the last seven years prior to analysis (January 2015-February 2023) were identified in the Vestrum Health database.

Investigating the Relationship Between Anti-seizure Medications and Bleeding Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature.

Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are specific types of anticonvulsants used to treat epileptic seizures. However, several studies have shown an association between ASMs and an increased risk of hematological disorders, such as thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, and platelet function disorders leading to prolonged bleeding times. This review explores the existing literature on this topic, investigating a wide variety of ASMs, ranging from first-generation medications to newer ones.

Safety and clinical efficacy of modified tracer fixation technique in orthopedic robot-assisted percutaneous vertebroplasty for Kümmell's disease.

The rising incidence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) has increased the demand for precise treatments like robot-assisted percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), especially for conditions like Kümmell's disease that require high surgical accuracy. However, the traditional tracer fixation method has certain limitations. This study aimed to compare the safety and clinical efficacy of a modified tracer fixation technique with the traditional fixation method in robot-assisted percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for Kümmell's disease.

Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Primary Adherence of Oral Anticoagulants Among Patients with Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation.

Introduction: Oral anticoagulants (OAC) reduce the risk of stroke among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, adherence remains suboptimal. We focused on primary nonadherence to OAC and its associations with patient characteristics-specifically social determinants of health collected in electronic health records (EHR).

Defining Textbook Outcomes for Minimally Invasive Surgical Resection of Small Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) of the Stomach.

Background: Textbook outcome (TO) has been utilized to assess the quality of surgical care. This study aimed to define TO rates for minimally invasive gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) resections in a bi-institutional cohort.

Methods: Patients with gastric GIST (≤ 5 cm) who underwent laparoscopic or robotic resection (January 2014 to January 2024) were retrospectively identified from two GIST centers.

The clinical features and outcomes of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a real word research.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and outcomes of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from a real word research. The clinical data of 223 consecutive elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) who were newly diagnosed with AML at our medical center between July 2017 and June 2022, including their clinical characteristics, genetic mutations, and survival outcomes, were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 223 patients (median age 67 years), 180 (80.

Evaluation of two low-level laser techniques as an adjunct to basic periodontal therapy: a randomized clinical trial.

To assess and compare two techniques of low-level laser application-transgingival (TLLLT) and intrasulcular (ILLLT)-used in photobiomodulation as an adjunct to basic periodontal therapy (BPT) in patients with periodontitis. A randomized, split-mouth, double-blind clinical trial was conducted, selecting three diseased periodontal sites from different quadrants in each patient. These sites were assigned to one of three treatment groups: SRP (control), SRP + TLLLT (test 1), and SRP + ILLLT (test 2).

Ureteral access sheath or percutaneous nephrostomy during flexible ureteroscopy: which is better?

Studies in literature discussed the drawbacks of the ureteral access sheath use in flexible ureteroscopy and in the same time mentioned the benefits of ureteral access sheath in decreasing the incidence of urosepsis and better stone free rate. In the current study we aim to compare between percutaneous nephrostomy tube (PCN) insertion before flexible ureteroscopy and conventional ureteral access sheath (UAS) flexible ureteroscopy in terms of safety, efficacy and perioperative outcomes. In all, 100 Patients aged 20 to 67 years with upper ureteric stones and mild hydronephrosis or renal pelvic stones less than 20 mm with mild hydronephrosis were randomized into 2 groups; patients undergoing PCN insertion before flexible ureteroscopy, and patients undergoing the conventional UAS flexible ureteroscopy.

Conservative management of pediatric pineal cyst apoplexy: a case report and literature review.

A 5-month-old male patient presented with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by pineal cyst apoplexy. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery was performed for hydrocephalus treatment. During follow-up, spontaneous shrinkage of the cyst was observed.

Co-delivery of antioxidants and siRNA-VEGF: promising treatment for age-related macular degeneration.

Current treatments for retinal disorders are anti-angiogenic agents, laser photocoagulation, and photodynamic therapies. These conventional treatments focus on reducing abnormal blood vessel formation in the retina, which, in a low-oxygen environment, can lead to harmful proliferation of endothelial cells. This results in dysfunctional, leaky blood vessels that cause retinal edema, hemorrhage, and vision loss.

Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infection in patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis with upper gastrointestinal bleed: an open label randomised controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Although beneficial in reducing the risk of bacterial infections in patients with advanced decompensated cirrhosis after upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleed, the utility of prophylactic antibiotics in those with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis is not known. We studied if prophylactic antibiotics can be withheld in this cohort.

Methods: This was a single-centre, open-label randomised-controlled-trial with non-inferiority design.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Our studies suggest that iron-overloaded rats developed neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment (1,2). An increase in brain mitochondrial fission and brain mitophagy have been considered as one of underlying mechanisms in brain with iron-overloaded condition (3,4). Hence, a pharmacological intervention focused on preventing brain mitochondrial pathologies is required.

Effectiveness of Inhalational Tranexamic Acid in Patients with Nonmassive Hemoptysis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Hemoptysis, the expectoration of blood from the lower respiratory tract, varies in severity and necessitates effective management to mitigate morbidity. Traditional treatments include bronchial artery embolization and pharmacological approaches. Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent known for its efficacy in reducing bleeding during surgery and trauma, is being explored for its efficacy in treating Hemoptysis via both intravenous and inhalational routes.

Impact of acetylsalicylic acid on perioperative bleeding complications in deceased donor kidney transplantation.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the perioperative outcomes and complications associated with the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in deceased donor kidney transplantation (KTX), with a particular focus on bleeding events.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 157 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who underwent KTX at Charité Berlin, Department for Urology, between February 2014 and December 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with ASA in their preoperative medication (Group A, n = 59) and patients without ASA use (Group B, n = 98).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Anti-amyloid immunotherapy holds great promise for our patients and their families as the first disease-modifying therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to be approved. Positive clinical trials for lecanamab and donanemab showed significant and rapid lowering of brain amyloid burden and a significant slowing of cognitive decline. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) in the form of vasogenic edema (ARIA-E) and micro - and macro- hemorrhages (ARIA-H) remain the major obstacle to broad use of these agents.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

ARIA-E/H (amyloid-related imaging abnormalities-Edema/Hemorrhage) is an umbrella term that defines the radiographic appearance of MRI images abnormality during treatments with Aβ-lowering monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for Alzheimer's disease immunotherapy. Today, it is well-recognized that ARIA-E events can also occur spontaneously in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri), a rare autoimmune encephalopathy associated with raised cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of spontaneous auto-antibodies against Aβ (aAbs). In this framework, the last years of research and experience of the iCAB international Network generated an increased consensus that therapy-induced ARIA is the iatrogenic manifestation of CAA-ri.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Neuroinflammation has gained substantial attention for its involvement in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Method: Recently, it was discovered that platelets, which make up 90% of the circulatory Aβ, encourage the development of AD. Therefore, we hypothesized to use a novel coumarin derivative PS21HKR, which is believed to possess anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory properties for the treatment of AD.

Recent advances in mRNA-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapy is an innovative approach that delivers specific protein-coding information. By promoting the ribosomal synthesis of target proteins within cells, it supplements functional or antigenic proteins to treat diseases. Unlike traditional gene therapy, mRNA does not need to enter the cell nucleus, reducing the risks associated with gene integration.