An Online HIV Self-Sampling Strategy for Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men and Trans Women in Spain.

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an online self-sampling pilot intervention for HIV testing addressed to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and trans women (TW) users of dating apps in Spain. The website https://www.testate.

Heavy Drinking by Occupation in Spain: Differences Between Weekdays and the Weekend.

Estimating occupational disparity in heavy drinking jointly for weekdays and the weekend may be misleading for prevention purposes, because reasons for disparity in both periods may differ. The main objective was to assess occupational disparity in heavy average drinking (HAD) by week period and sex. 42,108 employees aged 16-64 were recruited from national surveys in Spain between 2011 and 2020.

Decision-support tools to build climate resilience against emerging infectious diseases in Europe and beyond.

Climate change is one of several drivers of recurrent outbreaks and geographical range expansion of infectious diseases in Europe. We propose a framework for the co-production of policy-relevant indicators and decision-support tools that track past, present, and future climate-induced disease risks across hazard, exposure, and vulnerability domains at the animal, human, and environmental interface. This entails the co-development of early warning and response systems and tools to assess the costs and benefits of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures across sectors, to increase health system resilience at regional and local levels and reveal novel policy entry points and opportunities.

Increase in educational inequalities in alcohol-related mortality in Spain during a period of economic growth.

Background And Aims: Alcohol-related mortality risk is almost always greater in lower than higher socio-economic positions (SEPs). There is little information on the evolution of this SEP gradient and its relationship with the economic cycle. Some results suggest that during economic expansions, there is a hypersensitivity of low-SEP people to harmful drinking.

Abrupt peaks in perceived risk of occasional drug use after changing the question order in a repeated self-administered survey.

Background: Question-order changes in repeated surveys can distort comparisons. We want to describe the evolution of drug risk perceptions among Spanish adolescents and assessing whether the 2006 peaks in perceived risk of occasional drug use can be explained by question-order changes.

Methods: The subjects were secondary students from a biennial national survey during 2000-2012.

Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum in rats and sand flies in the urban sewers of Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Classically, dogs have been considered to be the only reservoir of leishmaniasis in urban areas. However, in a previous study, we found a 33.3% prevalence of Leishmania infantum in the spleens of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) sampled in the underground sewer system of the city of Barcelona (Spain).

Echocardiographic assessment of COVID19 sequelae in survivors with elevated cardiac biomarkers.

Aims: We sought to determine, using advanced echocardiography, the prevalence and type of cardiovascular sequelae after COVID19 infection with marked elevation of cardiovascular biomarkers (CVB), and their prognostic implications.

Methods: All patients admitted from March 1st to May 25th, 2020 to a tertiary referral hospital were included. Those with cardiovascular diseases or dead during admission were excluded.

The limits of measuring binge drinking prevalence for epidemiological surveillance: An example from Spain.

Background: The public health impact of binge drinking depends on its population prevalence and its frequency and intensity among binge drinkers. The objective is to assess the consistency of time trends and age-sex disparities between binge-drinking prevalence and binge-drinking exposure indicators that combine such prevalence with the number of binge-drinking days among binge drinkers.

Methods: Data come from 11 biennial national household surveys from 1997 to 2017 in young (15-34 years) and middle-aged adults (35-64 years) in Spain (n = 211,961).

High Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food is Associated with Incident Dyslipidemia: A Prospective Study of Older Adults.

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risks.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between UPF consumption and incident dyslipidemia in older adults, where evidence is limited.

Methods: We studied a prospective cohort of 1082 community-dwelling adults in Spain, older than 60 (mean age, 68 ± 6 years old).

Five-color Nutri-Score labeling and mortality risk in a nationwide, population-based cohort in Spain: the Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain (ENRICA).

Background: The 5-color Nutri-Score (5-CNS) front-of-package labeling system classifies products according to their nutritional quality, so healthier choices are easier when shopping.

Objectives: We examined the association between 5-CNS-based food consumption and long-term mortality in a Spanish, adult population.

Methods: We recruited 12,054 individuals, representative of the Spanish population aged ≥18 years, in 2008-10 and followed up with them to 2017.

Is There an Association between β-Carotene and Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review on Breast Cancer Risk.

It is suspected that diet influences the risk of developing breast cancer. Several β-carotenoids have been inversely associated with breast cancer risk, but association by type of tumor and participant characteristics remain nuclear. The objective of this review of epidemiological studies is to investigate the relationship between β-carotenoids and breast cancer.

Current State of Research About Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Scoping Review.

There is currently no effective treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The optimal selection of interventions targeting the virus is unknown. Therefore, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to support specific treatment against COVID-19 is urgently needed.

Inverse-probability weighting and multiple imputation for evaluating selection bias in the estimation of childhood obesity prevalence using data from electronic health records.

Background And Objectives: Height and weight data from electronic health records are increasingly being used to estimate the prevalence of childhood obesity. Here, we aim to assess the selection bias due to missing weight and height data from electronic health records in children older than five.

Methods: Cohort study of 10,811 children born in Navarra (Spain) between 2002 and 2003, who were still living in this region by December 2016.

Variability of revascularization techniques among Catalan hospitals and impact on leg salvage in patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Background: Indications for the revascularization treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) generate much discussion, and practice varies significantly among hospitals. This study looked at patients with PAD admitted to all hospitals of the Catalan Health Service and analyzed patterns of revascularization techniques with subsequent amputation procedures.

Methods: We used the clinical-administrative registry of admissions of all patients in the hospitals of Catalonia, north-east Spain, between 2009 and 2014.

Low antimicrobial resistance rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex between 2000 and 2015 in Gipuzkoa, northern Spain.

Objective: Although the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has declined, TB drug resistance remains a major problem. The TB rate in Gipuzkoa (northern Spain) is higher than the European average. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of 1855 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates (94.

Respiratory Health Outcomes, Rhinitis, and Eczema in Workers from Grain Storage Facilities in Costa Rica.

Objectives: To examine the associations of inhalable grain dust exposure with respiratory health outcomes, rhinitis, and eczema reported by workers from rice, wheat, and maize storage facilities.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 136 workers (73 operators and 63 administrative staff and other workers) from eight Costa Rican grain storage facilities was conducted in 2014-2015. Full-shift personal inhalable dust samples from all workers were collected.

Dust exposure in workers from grain storage facilities in Costa Rica.

Background: About 12 million workers are involved in the production of basic grains in Central America. However, few studies in the region have examined the occupational factors associated with inhalable dust exposure.

Objectives: (i) To assess the exposure to inhalable dust in workers from rice, maize, and wheat storage facilities in Costa Rica; (ii) to examine the occupational factors associated with this exposure; and (iii) to measure concentrations of respirable and thoracic particles in different areas of the storage facilities.

Consumption of Fish Is Not Associated with Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer. Fish can be an important source of iodine and other micronutrients and contaminants that may affect the thyroid gland and TC risk. We prospectively evaluated the relations between the consumption of total fish and different fish types and shellfish and TC risk in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study.

Validity of type 2 diabetes diagnosis in a population-based electronic health record database.

Background: The increasing burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus makes the continuous surveillance of its prevalence and incidence advisable. Electronic health records (EHRs) have great potential for research and surveillance purposes; however the quality of their data must first be evaluated for fitness for use. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of type 2 diabetes diagnosis in a primary care EHR database covering more than half a million inhabitants, 97% of the population in Navarra, Spain.

Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Isolates from Bovine Carcasses.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 on bovine carcasses before and after chilling at a large slaughterhouse located in the city of Barcelona, Spain, to assess the effectiveness of dry chilling on reducing E. coli O157 contamination of carcasses. In addition, the study characterized the E.

Video gaming in school children: How much is enough?

Objective: Despite extensive debate, the proposed benefits and risks of video gaming in young people remain to be empirically clarified, particularly as regards an optimal level of use.

Methods: In 2,442 children aged 7 to 11 years, we investigated relationships between weekly video game use, selected cognitive abilities, and conduct-related problems. A large subgroup of these children (n = 260) was further examined with magnetic resonance imaging approximately 1 year later to assess the impact of video gaming on brain structure and function.