Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990-2021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Diarrhoeal diseases claim more than 1 million lives annually and are a leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Comprehensive global estimates of the diarrhoeal disease burden for specific age groups of children younger than 5 years are scarce, and the burden in children older than 5 years and in adults is also understudied. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to assess the burden of, and trends in, diarrhoeal diseases overall and attributable to 13 pathogens, as well as the contributions of associated risk factors, in children and adults in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Yellow meconium.

The intestinal content of newborns is known as meconium, usually described as a black-greenish slimy substance. However, in rare cases, meconium might be yellow. This is of great relevance with regard to the forensic assessment of life birth, i.

Heritable Burden of Community Sudden Death by Autopsy and Molecular Phenotyping for Precision Genotype Correlation.

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) genetic studies neglect the majority occurring in older decedents with cardiovascular pathology.

Objectives: This study sought to determine the burden of genetic disease in unselected adult sudden deaths by precision genotype-postmortem phenotype correlation.

Methods: The authors used autopsy, histology, and toxicology to adjudicate cause and identify high-suspicion phenotypes (eg, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) among presumed SCDs aged 18 to 90 years referred to the county medical examiner from February 2011 to January 2018.

Strengthening Cause of Death Statistics in Selected Districts of 3 States in India: Protocol for an Uncontrolled, Before-After, Mixed Method Study.

Background: Mortality statistics are vital for health policy development, epidemiological research, and health care service planning. A robust surveillance system is essential for obtaining vital information such as cause of death (CoD) information.

Objective: This study aims to develop a comprehensive model to strengthen the CoD information in the selected study sites.

A case of posterior urethral valve diagnosed by ultrasound in antenatal and pathology: A case report.

Rationale: Posterior urethral valve is a rare disease, prenatal diagnosis and prognosis evaluation are particularly important.

Patient Concerns: A 25-year-old pregnant woman was found enhanced parenchymal echo in both kidneys, subcapsule urinary cyst formation in both kidneys, bladder enlargement of the fetus during prenatal ultrasonography at 25 W + 4 of gestation. It was accompanied by fetal pericardial effusion and oligohydramnios.

Case report: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with severe central nervous system demyelination: a clinicopathological study.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated disease that mainly affects the peripheral nerves and nerve roots and typically presents with distal dominant motor and sensory disturbances as clinical symptoms. Central nervous system (CNS) demyelination with inflammation occurs infrequently in patients with CIDP. Here, we present a unique autopsy report of CIDP causing severe demyelination along the entire spinal cord.

Ectopic pancreatic tissue in the gallbladder: A rare incidental finding in a cholecystectomy specimen - A case report.

Introduction: Ectopic pancreatic tissue (EPT) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of pancreatic tissue in an abnormal location, separate from the pancreas, without any anatomical or vascular connection to it. This anomaly is often an incidental finding during operation or autopsy. This peculiarity poses clinical and radiological challenges for surgeons, particularly during laparoscopic or open procedures.

A visual scale to rate amygdalar atrophy on MRI.

Background: Visual rating scales are routinely used in clinical radiology to assess brain atrophy on scans of patients with suspected neurodegenerative conditions. Limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) has recently been described, featuring early and severe atrophy of the amygdala. However, there is currently no scoring system specifically designed to assess amygdalar atrophy on MRI.

Brain death due to intracranial hemorrhage in a child following suspected Bothrops snakebite.

Snakebites from the genus Bothrops are common and are responsible for the highest mortality rate in Brazil. Factors related to the species, treatment, and patient influence the clinical manifestations and prognosis of the condition. Young patients without comorbidities have better prognoses and rarely develop severe systemic complications.

Horst Oertel and the Russell Sage Institute of Pathology: Impacts on vital statistics and the origins of the short-lived heyday of autopsies in America.

Horst Oertel was an early 20th century pathologist who began his career as an instructor of clinical pathology at the New York University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1899. In 1903, he was appointed pathologist for City Hospital, an institution for indigent patients on New York City's Blackwell's Island. In 1907, Oertel became the first director of the Russell Sage Institute of Pathology, a unique new blended public-private entity based at City Hospital, that was named after a wealthy benefactor.

Sodium toxicosis in chickens: case series (2014-2023) and literature review.

Cases of sodium toxicosis (ST), although reported infrequently, can result in acute morbidity and mortality and extensive losses in affected poultry. We analyzed the clinical, pathologic, and toxicologic findings of 7 diagnosed cases of ST in chicken autopsy submissions at the California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS), University of California-Davis, from 2014 to 2023. We also evaluated the brain sodium concentrations in 10 clinically normal broiler chickens to elucidate potential differences with salt-intoxicated chickens, and reviewed the literature of field cases of ST in chickens and turkeys.

Neonatal death of siblings with Uhl's disease and KCNH2 mutation - A rare association.

Uhl's disease is a rare disorder secondary to the uncontrolled destruction of right ventricular myocytes during the perinatal period. We present here the case of a 1-month-old child who died suddenly of Uhl's disease, which was only diagnosed at autopsy and histological examination. From an anamnestic point of view, the child's sister had also died at about 1 month of age from the same pathology.

Necrotizing Fasciitis and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Case Report.

Group A (GAS), particularly (), is a significant human pathogen responsible for infections often ranging from mild superficial conditions to severe, life-threatening diseases like necrotizing fasciitis (NF) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). This case report details the rapid deterioration of a previously healthy 49-year-old woman who presented with localized symptoms in her left thigh, later escalating to septic shock and multi-organ failure related to GAS infection. Initial evaluations indicated significant inflammation and acute kidney injury, prompting broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.

Influence of blood thiosulfate produced by postmortem changes for the diagnosis of hydrogen sulfide poisoning in forensic autopsy.

Background: Thiosulfate concentration in blood is an important indicator for the diagnosis of hydrogen sulfide poisoning. It may also be detected at high levels in postmortem decomposition cases.

Objectives: To determine the effect of postmortem decomposition on blood thiosulfate concentration and define precautions for diagnosing hydrogen sulfide poisoning based on thiosulfate concentration.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma harboring a t(8;14)(q24;q11.2)/TCR::MYC translocation that presented with intestinal infiltration.

Although rearrangement of the MYC oncogene (MYC-R) is frequently observed in aggressive B-cell lymphomas, it is extremely rare in T-cell malignancies. A 64-year-old man who had been under observation for several years because of asymptomatic pulmonary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALToma) was admitted to our hospital because of poor general condition and hypotension. Blood tests revealed thrombocytopenia and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, whereas computed tomography revealed systemic lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.

Acute Liver Failure Caused by Isoniazid during Preventive Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis: A Rare Autopsy Case Report.

Treating patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to prevent the development of tuberculosis is a fundamental treatment strategy in daily practice. Isoniazid (INH) therapy for 6-12 months is recommended. However, INH can also cause hepatotoxicity.

Molecular profile of adult primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis aligns with glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype.

Adult primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PLG) is a rare, rapidly progressive and fatal disease characterized by prominent leptomeningeal infiltration by a glial tumor without an identifiable parenchymal mass. The molecular profile of adult PLG has not been well-characterized. We report the clinical, pathological, and molecular findings of six adult PLG patients (five males and one female), median age 58 years.

Lack of gastric emptying at autopsy eleven days after heat trauma in the sauna- a forensic autopsy case report.

A man in his mid-70s passed out in a public 90-degree sauna and remained unconscious for at least half an hour. He suffered third-degree burns to approximately 50% of his body surface area. Despite immediate transport to a burn center and intensive care therapy, he did not regain consciousness and died eleven days later.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A case report.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by prion proteins. Patients often present with rapidly progressive dementia, ataxia, myoclonus, memory impairment, visual problems, and changes in personality. In this case report, we aimed to address the course of a 62 year old female who presented with progressive decline in cognitive function and died within 6 months of presentation.

Multiple Renal Infarctions in Spontaneous Double Renal Artery Dissection: A Case Report.

As spontaneous renal artery dissection (SRAD) is a rare cause of abdominal pain, bilateral dissection is an extremely rare event. Only approximately two hundred cases of SRAD have been reported in the literature. The diagnosis is often delayed due to the rarity of the disease and non-specific clinical presentations such as flank pain, hypertension, fever, nausea, vomiting, and hematuria, which can be often misdiagnosed as a genito-urinary infection or gastrointestinal or bowel disease.

Sudden Death in a Rare Case Due to Tracheo-Innominate Artery Fistula.

Tracheostomy is an essential procedure in cases of respiratory failure in patients requiring long-term ventilation or showing airway obstruction. Tracheostomy has both immediate and long-term complications. Among these, tracheo-innominate fistula is an emergency that is a rare long-term complication.

ECEL1 mutation in distal arthrogryposis type 5D: A case report.

Background: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita involves joint contractures across various body parts. Distal arthrogryposis type 5D (DA5D) is a rare, autosomal recessive subtype affecting distal extremities, with symptoms like knee extension contractures, camptodactyly, overriding fingers, ulnar wrist deviation, and scoliosis.

Case: A 24-year-old pregnant woman with a second-degree relative partner had a fetus showing increased nuchal translucency (3.

Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma Originating in Peribiliary Glands: Insights from a Case without Precancerous Lesions.

BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that peribiliary glands may be the potential cell origin of cholangiocarcinoma, and that precancerous lesions such as biliary intraepithelial neoplasms and intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct may arise from these peribiliary glands. However, whether and how these precancerous lesions progress to cholangiocarcinoma is controversial. CASE REPORT Herein, an autopsy case of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, exclusively periductal-infiltrating, is reported.

An Autopsy Case of Rapidly Fulminant Group A Streptococcus Infection in a Previously Healthy 67-Year-Old Woman.

, also known as group A (GAS), is responsible for various conditions, such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). STSS, a rapidly progressing infection involving shock and multi-organ failure, was first reported in Japan in 1992, and since then, the number of cases has been steadily increasing. We herein report an autopsy case of STSS that resulted in sudden death.