Evidence for a Direct Harmful Effect of Alcohol on Myocardial Health: A Large Cross-Sectional Study of Consumption Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Biomarkers From Northwest Russia, 2015 to 2017.

Background Alcohol drinking is an increasingly recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, there are few studies of the impact of harmful and hazardous drinking on biomarkers of myocardial health. We conducted a study in Russia to investigate the impact of heavy drinking on biomarkers of cardiac damage and inflammation.

The genus (lichenised ascomycetae) in the Southern Hemisphere.

The species of recorded and described from the Southern Hemisphere are revised and it is shown that only one is present; which is widespread, with populations in Australia and New Zealand that differ from the South American populations, but at present best regarded as part of the variation of that species. Records from this hemisphere of all other species placed in the genus are incorrect. The type species, , is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere.

Warm temperatures during cold season can negatively affect adult survival in an alpine bird.

Climate seasonality is a predominant constraint on the lifecycles of species in alpine and polar biomes. Assessing the response of these species to climate change thus requires taking into account seasonal constraints on populations. However, interactions between seasonality, weather fluctuations, and population parameters remain poorly explored as they require long-term studies with high sampling frequency.

Urban-Rural Differences in Hip Fracture Mortality: A Nationwide NOREPOS Study.

Higher hip fracture incidence in urban than in rural areas has been demonstrated, but urban-rural differences in posthip fracture mortality have been less investigated, and the results are disparate. Hence, the aims of the present register-based cohort study were to examine possible urban-rural differences in short- and long-term mortality in Norwegian hip fracture patients and their potential associations with sociodemographic variables, and to investigate possible urban-rural differences in excess mortality in hip fracture patients compared with the general population. Data were provided from the NOREPOS hip fracture database, the 2001 Population and Housing Census, and the National Registry.

Body Weight and Body Mass Index Influence Bone Mineral Density in Late Adolescence in a Two-Year Follow-Up Study. The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures.

Determinants of bone acquisition in late adolescence and early adulthood are not well-described. This 2-year follow-up study explored the associations of body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), and changes in weight status with adolescent bone accretion in a sample of 651 adolescents (355 girls and 296 boys) between 15 and 19 years of age from The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures. This Norwegian population-based cohort study was conducted from 2010 to 2011 and was repeated from 2012 to 2013.

Seasonal shifts in feeding patterns: Individual and population realized specialization in a high Arctic fish.

Species with a broad and flexible diet may be at an advantage in a rapidly changing environment such as in today's Arctic ecosystems. Polar cod (), an abundant and ecologically important circumpolar Arctic fish, is often described as a zooplankton generalist feeder, which suggests that it may cope successfully with changes in prey composition. This description is justified based on the relatively broad diet of polar cod across sites and seasons.

Interbreeding between local and translocated populations of a cleaner fish in an experimental mesocosm predicts risk of disrupted local adaptation.

Translocation of organisms within or outside its native range carries the risk of modifying the community of the recipient ecosystems and induces gene flow between locally adapted populations or closely related species. In this study, we evaluated the genetic consequences of large-scale translocation of cleaner wrasses that has become a common practice within the salmon aquaculture industry in northern Europe to combat sea lice infestation. A major concern with this practice is the potential for hybridization of escaped organisms with the local, recipient wrasse population, and thus potentially introduce exogenous alleles and breaking down coadapted gene complexes in local populations.

Evidence of Isotopic Fractionation During Vapor Exchange Between the Atmosphere and the Snow Surface in Greenland.

Several recent studies from both Greenland and Antarctica have reported significant changes in the water isotopic composition of near-surface snow between precipitation events. These changes have been linked to isotopic exchange with atmospheric water vapor and sublimation-induced fractionation, but the processes are poorly constrained by observations. Understanding and quantifying these processes are crucial to both the interpretation of ice core climate proxies and the formulation of isotope-enabled general circulation models.

Exploring the overlapping binding sites of ifenprodil and EVT-101 in GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors using novel chicken embryo forebrain cultures and molecular modeling.

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are widely expressed in the brain. GluN2B subunit-containing NMDARs has recently attracted significant attention as potential pharmacological targets, with emphasis on the functional properties of allosteric antagonists. We used primary cultures from chicken embryo forebrain (E10), expressing native GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors as a novel model system.

Genetic changes caused by restocking and hydroelectric dams in demographically bottlenecked brown trout in a transnational subarctic riverine system.

Habitat discontinuity, anthropogenic disturbance, and overharvesting have led to population fragmentation and decline worldwide. Preservation of remaining natural genetic diversity is crucial to avoid continued genetic erosion. Brown trout ( L.

Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome.

Aim: Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits.

Getting ready for the winter: Timing and determinants of molt in an alpine ungulate.

Because growth of new hairs entails energetic costs, individual condition and access to food should determine the timing of molt. Previous studies on the timing of molt in ungulates have mostly focused on the influence of age class and reproductive status, but the effects of body condition and environmental phenology have not been evaluated. Our goal was to assess how intrinsic traits and environmental conditions determine the timing of winter coat shedding in a mountain goat population monitored for 27 years.

Winnertz from the Himalayas, with nine species new to science (Diptera, Mycetophilidae).

An extensive collection of fungus gnats from Nepal and Bhutan, deposited at Kyushu University Museum in Japan, has been examined and revealed nine species of Winnertz, 1864 new to science: Magnussen, , Magnussen, , Magnussen, , Magnussen, , Magnussen, , Magnussen, , Magnussen, , Magnussen, , and Magnussen, All specimens were collected at high altitudes in the central and eastern Himalayas. The species all belong to the subgenusAllodia s. str.

Dietary intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and future risk of venous thromboembolism.

Background: Studies on the association between long-chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are conflicting, potentially due to challenges related to assessment of n-3 PUFA intake and changes in diet during follow-up.

Objectives: To investigate whether dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs was associated with risk of incident VTE in a population-based cohort with repeated assessments of n-3 PUFA intake.

Methods: We recruited 21 970 participants (after excluding 7570 with incomplete data) from the fourth (1994-1995) and sixth (2007-2008) surveys of the Tromsø Study, and recorded incident VTEs up to 2016.

No support for cryptic choice by ovarian fluid in an external fertilizer.

Whether the ovarian fluid (OF) represents a selective environment influencing cryptic female choice was tested using an external fertilizer experiencing intense sperm competition and large effects of OF on sperm swimming behavior-the Arctic charr (). We physically separated the OF from the eggs of reproductively active females and reintroduced either their own OF or fluid from another female to the eggs. The eggs were then fertilized in vitro in a replicated split-brood design with sperm from two males under synchronized sperm competition trials, while also measuring sperm velocity of the individual males in the individual OFs.

Nephronectin mediates p38 MAPK-induced cell viability via its integrin-binding enhancer motif.

Nephronectin (NPNT) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein involved in kidney development. We recently reported intracellular NPNT as a potential prognostic marker in breast cancer and that NPNT promotes metastasis in an integrin-dependent manner. Here, we used reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) to analyze NPNT-triggered intracellular signaling in the 66cl4 mouse breast cancer cell line.

How Is Adolescent Bone Mass and Density Influenced by Early Life Body Size and Growth? The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures-A Longitudinal Cohort Study From Norway.

The effect of birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI) on adolescents' bone parameters is not established. The aim of this longitudinal, population-based study was to investigate the association of birth weight, childhood BMI, and growth, with adolescent bone mass and bone density in a sample of 633 adolescents (48% girls) from The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures. This population-based cohort study was conducted in 2010-2011 and 2012-2013 in Tromsø, Norway.

BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene.

Motivation: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series.

The association between red cell distribution width and venous thromboembolism is not explained by myocardial infarction, stroke, or cancer.

Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a risk marker of venous thromboembolism (VTE), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cancer. Due to interrelations between these diseases, the association between RDW and VTE may be explained by MI, stroke, or cancer.

Objective: To investigate whether the effect of RDW on VTE could be explained by intermediate development of MI, stroke, or cancer.

Acute infection as a trigger for incident venous thromboembolism: Results from a population-based case-crossover study.

Background: A bidirectional relation exists between acute infection and immobilization, and both are triggers for venous thromboembolism (VTE). To what extent the association between infection and VTE-risk is explained by immobilization is unknown.

Aims: To investigate the impact of hospitalization with acute infection on the VTE-risk in patients with and without concomitant immobilization, and to explore the differential impact of respiratory- (RTI) and urinary- (UTI) tract infections on the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Simulated eutrophication and browning alters zooplankton nutritional quality and determines juvenile fish growth and survival.

The first few months of life is the most vulnerable period for fish and their optimal hatching time with zooplankton prey is favored by natural selection. Traditionally, however, prey abundance (i.e.