506 results match your criteria: "The Alpert Medical School of Brown University.[Affiliation]"

Novel peptidomimetic compounds attenuate hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats.

Exp Neurol

January 2025

Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. Electronic address:

Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is a common neurological problem in neonates. The postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) is an excitatory synaptic scaffolding protein that regulates synaptic function, and represents a potential therapeutic target to attenuate HI brain injury. Syn3 and d-Syn3 are novel high affinity cyclic peptides that bind the PDZ3 domain of PSD-95.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have elevated eating disorder risk. No studies have examined weight stigma as a potential factor associated with disordered eating. This study investigated cross-sectional associations among weight-based victimization, weight bias internalization, and disordered eating in adolescents with T1D.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Cervical artery dissection (CAD) involves the carotid or vertebral artery. However, limited studies have compared their clinical features and outcomes.

Methods: We examined non-traumatic CAD patients from the National Inpatient Sample (2005-2019).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) are neuroprotective and attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in neonatal rodents. We investigated some mechanism(s) fundamental to neuroprotection by IAIPs including changes in cerebral endothelial components and inflammation. Postnatal day-7 rats exposed to sham surgery and placebo or carotid ligation plus 8% FiO (90 min) were given IAIPs (30 or 60 mg/kg) or placebo and were killed 6, 12, 24, or 36 h after hypoxia-ischemia (HI).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Trauma can increase the risk of unhealthy alcohol use, and this study investigates how brain reward systems change after trauma exposure in humans.
  • The research involved 286 participants who were assessed for changes in alcohol use and brain activity through fMRI shortly after experiencing trauma.
  • Findings suggest that heightened brain activity in specific regions (like the VTA) and altered connections between brain areas may lead to increased alcohol consumption following traumatic events, indicating potential targets for early intervention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Childhood eating behaviors are associated with weight status and laboratory assessments of dietary intake. However, little is known about how eating behaviors relate to the eating patterns and diet quality of children from marginalized populations when assessed in their natural environments. Therefore, we examined the association of food avoidant (e.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Heed the Warning Signs to Avoid Serious ARIA.

Neurology

September 2024

From the Alpert Medical School of Brown University (S.P.S.), Department of Neurology (M.S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Key Inflammatory Biomarkers in Perinatal Asphyxia: A Comprehensive Review.

Clin Perinatol

September 2024

Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA. Electronic address:

This article summarizes the current evidence regarding inflammatory biomarkers (placental and postnatal) and provides a comprehensive understanding of their roles: (1) diagnostic accuracy to predict the severity of hypoxic-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE), (2) value in assessing treatment responses, and (3) prediction of both short- and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. In the early critical stages of perinatal asphyxia, inflammatory biomarkers may guide clinical decision-making. Additional research is required to increase our understanding of the optimal utility of biomarkers to predict the severity, evolution, and developmental outcomes after exposure to HIE.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Association between decreased cord blood inter-alpha inhibitor levels and neonatal encephalopathy at birth.

Early Hum Dev

June 2024

Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America. Electronic address:

Background: Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) are structurally related proteins found in the systemic circulation with immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory properties. Reduced levels are found in inflammatory related conditions including sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, and in neonatal rodents after exposure to hypoxia ischemia. In the current study, cord blood IAIP levels were measured in neonates with and without exposure to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Magnesium sulphate is a common therapy in perinatal care. Its benefits when given to women at risk of preterm birth for fetal neuroprotection (prevention of cerebral palsy for children) were shown in a 2009 Cochrane review. Internationally, use of magnesium sulphate for preterm cerebral palsy prevention is now recommended practice.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: It remains unclear why female general surgery residents perform fewer cases than male peers. This exploratory study investigated possible contributors to gender-based disparities and solutions for improving equity in operative experience.

Methods: Surveys, including Likert scale and free-text questions, were distributed to 21 accredited general surgery residency programs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To evaluate associations between change in weight z score after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge and neurodevelopmental outcomes and obesity at 12-48 months of age among individuals born very preterm.

Study Design: This secondary analysis used data from infants born very preterm participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes cohort (n = 1400). Growth during infancy was calculated as change in weight z score between NICU discharge and follow-up at a mean of 27 months of age.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This study examines the association between brain dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) and current/future posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom severity, and the impact of sex on this relationship. By analyzing 275 participants' dFNC data obtained ~2 weeks after trauma exposure, we noted that brain dynamics of an inter-network brain state link negatively with current (r=-0.179, = 0.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Neuroprotective efficacy of hypothermia and Inter-alpha Inhibitor Proteins after hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats.

Neurotherapeutics

April 2024

Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA; The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. Electronic address:

Therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of care for hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy. Inter-alpha Inhibitor Proteins (IAIPs) attenuate brain injury after HI in neonatal rats. Human (h) IAIPs (60 ​mg/kg) or placebo (PL) were given 15 ​min, 24 and 48 ​h to postnatal (P) day-7 rats after carotid ligation and 8% oxygen for 90 ​min with (30 ​°C) and without (36 ​°C) exposure to hypothermia 1.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The View from Parkinson Land.

R I Med J (2013)

March 2024

Stanley Aronson Chair in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Professor, Department of Neurology, at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Director of Butler Hospital's Movement Disorders Program, Providence, RI.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Consuming excessive amounts of alcohol causes impaired mobility and judgment and driving accidents, resulting in more than 800 injuries and fatalities each day. Passive methods to detect intoxicated drivers beyond the safe driving limit can facilitate Just-In-Time alerts and reduce Driving Under the Influence (DUI) incidents. Popularly-owned smartphones are not only equipped with motion sensors (accelerometer and gyroscope) that can be employed for passively collecting gait (walk) data but also have the processing power to run computationally expensive machine learning models.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that is characterized by an obliterative vasculopathy of the distal pulmonary circulation. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology, currently approved medical therapies for PAH act primarily as pulmonary vasodilators and fail to address the underlying processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease. Endothelial dysregulation in response to stress, injury or physiologic stimuli followed by perivascular infiltration of immune cells plays a prominent role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling of PAH.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Elevated 2-oxoglutarate antagonizes DNA damage responses in cholangiocarcinoma chemotherapy through regulating aspartate beta-hydroxylase.

Cancer Lett

January 2024

Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address:

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is resistant to systemic chemotherapies that kill malignant cells mainly through DNA damage responses (DDRs). Recent studies suggest that the involvement of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent dioxygenases in DDRs may be associated with chemoresistance in malignancy, but how 2-OG impacts DDRs in CCA chemotherapy remains elusive. We examined serum 2-OG levels in CCA patients before receiving chemotherapy.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Emerging pharmacotherapies for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Expert Opin Investig Drugs

November 2023

Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious and progressive condition that affects blood flow in the lungs, with current treatments focusing on specific signaling pathways associated with vascular constriction and growth.
  • New advancements in the treatment of PAH include investigations into existing medications with updated delivery systems, as well as novel drugs targeting different molecular pathways, all examined through clinical trials from 2003-2023.
  • The development of inhaled medications and therapies that specifically target faulty signaling pathways show promise for improving PAH treatment and minimizing side effects, potentially leading to better outcomes for patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

There is a paucity of information regarding efficacious pharmacological neuroprotective strategies to attenuate or reduce brain injury in neonates. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) disrupts blood-brain barrier (BBB) function in adult rodents and increases inflammation in adults and neonates. Human blood-derived Inter-alpha Inhibitor Proteins (IAIPs) are neuroprotective, improve neonatal survival after LPS, and attenuate LPS-induced disruption of the BBB in adult male mice.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Brain organoids for hypoxic-ischemic studies: from bench to bedside.

Cell Mol Life Sci

October 2023

Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Unité Neurovasculaire & Innovation Thérapeutique, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.

Our current knowledge regarding the development of the human brain mostly derives from experimental studies on non-human primates, sheep, and rodents. However, these studies may not completely simulate all the features of human brain development as a result of species differences and variations in pre- and postnatal brain maturation. Therefore, it is important to supplement the in vivo animal models to increase the possibility that preclinical studies have appropriate relevance for potential future human trials.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Neuroinflammation may be a pathogenic mediator and biomarker of neurodegeneration at the boundary between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether neuroinflammatory processes are endogenous to the central nervous system (CNS) or originate from systemic (peripheral blood) sources could impact strategies for therapeutic intervention. To address this issue, we measured cytokine and chemokine immunoreactivities in simultaneously obtained lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 39 patients including 18 with MCI or early AD and 21 normal controls using a 27-plex XMAP bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF