Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Young Adults.

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for early onset of coronary artery disease (CAD) and assess the preoperative presentation, perioperative course, survival, and short-term complications after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in patients aged 45 years or younger undergoing CABG.

Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2020 to January 2021.

Cryoanesthesia with ethyl chloride spray versus 5% lidocaine gel in alleviating oral local anesthetic injection pain for buccal anaesthesia: A randomized clinical (controlled) trial.

Background: Numbing the area of oral mucosa with cold application prior to administration of regional anesthesia has been widely used by various dentists in alleviating pain caused by needle prick. Cryoanesthesia using Endo-ice as topical anesthesia has been studied as a replacement to prevail the fallibility of topical anaesthetics. This study aimed to evaluate and compare effectiveness of ethyl chloride spray with 5% lidocaine gel in alleviating buccal anesthesia injection pain.

The Use of Lumbar Drain for Spinal Cord Protection in a Thoraco Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery.

Thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair is a complicated and challenging surgery with high chances of unpredictable post-operative outcomes. This is a case of a 56-year man electively admitted for De Bakey type III TAAA repair. The case was done with the one-lung ventilation (OLV) technique by using a bronchial blocker.

Correlation of predisposing factors and Esophageal Malignancy in high risk population of Baluchistan.

Objectives: To determine frequency of esophageal malignancy in Balochistan and to evaluate its correlation with predisposing and dietary factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from Jan 2019 to Dec 2020, at two tertiary care hospital of Quetta which caters to the entire population of province. The total number of 207 cases of esophageal biopsies were received and morphological diagnosis done by H&E staining.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Detection of Esophageal Varices.

Objective To determine the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the detection of esophageal varices by taking endoscopy as the reference standard. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional prospective study conducted at the Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, (AKUH) Karachi, for the duration of 12 months from August 1, 2014 to July 31, 2015. One hundred ninety-six patients with a suspicion of chronic liver disease/cirrhosis undergoing 64 slice MDCT were enrolled in our study and underwent computed tomography (CT) scanning in the Department of Radiology at AKUH.

Correlation between MR spectroscopy and histology in detection of prostatic carcinoma.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the detection of prostatic carcinoma.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from July 24, 2014, to January 23, 2015, and comprised patients who had been screened for prostate cancer. Using non-probability purposive sampling, all magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans were interpreted by three radiologists.

Amiodarone therapy: don't forget thyroid.

Amiodarone is an effective anti-arrhythmic agent for control of various life threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias but may give Various side effects. Clinically relevant thyroid dysfunction is not uncommon during amiodarone therapy and is caused by iodide excess and inhibition of deiodinase activity. Amiodarone induced thyroid dysfunction varies from asymptomatic variation in thyroid function to clinically overt hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis.