Stress and its associated factors in mothers with preterm infants in a private tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan: an analytical cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This goal of this research is to present a comprehensive method for evaluating stress and the factors that contribute to it in mothers of premature babies.

Design: Analytical cross-sectional study.

Setting: Data were collected from inpatient service for preterm infants including neonatal intensive care unit, and neonatal step-down units of the Aga Khan University Hospital-a private tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Experiences and perceptions of a perinatal eRegistry in two hospitals in Mtwara region, Tanzania.

Introduction: Digital data systems have the potential to improve data quality and provide individual-level information to understand gaps in the quality of care. This study explored experiences and perceptions of a perinatal eRegistry in two hospitals in Mtwara region, Tanzania. Drawing from realist evaluation and systems thinking, we go beyond a descriptive account of stakeholders' experiences and provide insight into key structural drivers and underlying social paradigms.

Supportive Care for Common Conditions in Small Vulnerable Newborns and Term Infants: The Evidence.

Introduction: Small vulnerable newborns (SVNs) are at an increased risk of early death and other morbidities. Essential interventions provided to SVN, and other high-risk newborns have been proven critical in improving their outcomes. We aimed to provide an update on the effectiveness and safety of these interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Use of artificial intelligence for the detection of infection from upper gastrointestinal endoscopy images: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: () infection is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases and may lead to gastric cancer. Currently, endoscopy is the gold standard modality used for diagnosing infection, but it lacks objective indicators and requires expert interpretation. In the past few years, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for diagnosing gastrointestinal pathologies has increased tremendously and may improve the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy for infection.

Community-acquired sepsis in the medical intensive care unit: An experience from a lower-middle-income country.

Objectives: To determine microbiological pathogens and in-hospital mortality in patients admitted with communityacquired sepsis to the intensive care unit in a tertiary-care setting in a low- and middle-income country.

Methods: The retrospective, observational study was conducted at the medical intensive care unit of a large tertiary care hospital in Karachi, and comprised data from January 1 to December 31, 2019 of patients with community-acquired sepsis who were assessed using the Sepsis-3 criteria. Data was compared between survivors and non-survivors, and independent factors associated with in-hospital mortality were identified.

A model for integrating palliative care into Eastern Mediterranean health systems with a primary care approach.

Background And Aims: Palliative care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) faces challenges despite the high number of patients in need. To provide accessible, affordable, and timely services, it is crucial to adopt a suitable care model. World health organization (WHO) recommends integrating palliative care with primary health care (PHC).

Post-Asphyxial Aftercare and Management of Neonates in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Evidence Synthesis.

Introduction: Effective post-resuscitation care is crucial for improving outcomes in neonates post-asphyxia. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of post-asphyxial aftercare strategies and forms part of a supplement describing an extensive synthesis of effective newborn interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Evidence was generated by performing de novo reviews, updates to reviews via systematic searches, and reanalyses of studies conducted in LMICs from existing reviews.

An unusual case of splenic hydatid cyst perforating into posterior wall of stomach.

Hydatid disease (cystic echinococcosis) is a parasitic infection caused by . Hydatid cysts are typically found in the liver and lungs, but they can also rarely occur in the spleen. This case report describes an unusual occurrence of a splenic hydatid cyst that perforated the posterior wall of the stomach.

Giant paediatric thymoma and its tailored anaesthetic management.

A toddler presented with significant weight loss and lethargy. His CT scan chest revealed a sizeable anterior mediastinal mass of 14.5×12.

Immediate Care for Common Conditions in Term and Preterm Neonates: The Evidence.

Background: Several interventions provided to newborns at birth or within 24 h after birth have been proven critical in improving neonatal survival and other birth outcomes. We aimed to provide an update on the effectiveness and safety of these interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Summary: Following a comprehensive scoping of the literature, we updated or re-analyzed the LMIC-specific evidence for included topics.

Exploring psychotic symptoms among substance-naïve individuals and recent abstainers without a psychosis diagnosis: A cross-country study across Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, and South Africa.

Psychotic symptoms are of increasing interest in mental health due to their predictive value for future psychotic disorders. While these symptoms are prevalent in the general population, their occurrence varies globally. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and factors associated with psychotic symptoms among individuals identified as substance-naïve and recent abstainers without a history of psychosis.

Role of Pakistani e-libraries in promoting health awareness for the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal-3.

Background: Pakistan is a densely populated South Asian country. It is facing numerous health challenges, as well as problems of the digital divide. The government of Pakistan established e-libraries as a pilot project in 2018.

Dementia risk reduction in the African context: Multi-national implementation of multimodal strategies to promote healthy brain aging in Africa (the Africa-FINGERS project).

Dementia prevention in Africa is critically underexplored, despite the continent's high prevalence of modifiable risk factors. With a predominantly young and middle-aged population, Africa presents a prime opportunity to implement evidence-based strategies that could significantly reduce future dementia cases and mitigate its economic impact. The multinational Africa-FINGERS program offers an innovative solution, pioneering culturally sensitive, multidomain interventions tailored to the unique challenges of the region.

Health systems strengthening through surgical and perioperative care pathways: a changing paradigm.

Global health has traditionally focused on the primary health development with disease-specific focus such as HIV, malaria and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). As such, surgery has traditionally been neglected in global health as investment in them is often expensive, relative to these other priorities. Therefore, efforts to improve surgical care have remained on the periphery of initiatives in health system strengthening.

Environmentally sustainable surgical systems.

Surgeons, anaesthetists, wider surgical teams and hospital managers are a large global group that has the capacity and power to play a leadership role to contribute to change. Hospitals are a good target for improvement since they are centres of communities, linking together surrounding healthcare facilities and influencing wider determinants of the environment. District and rural hospitals are good sites to start since they serve large populations, have the least sustained energy and clean water supplies and will benefit most from quality improvement.

The Effectiveness of Regionalization of Perinatal Care and Specific Facility-Based Interventions: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Appropriate perinatal care provision and utilization is crucial to improve maternal and newborn survival and potentially meet Sustainable Development Goal 3. Ensuring availability of healthcare infrastructure as well as skilled personnel can potentially help improve maternal and neonatal outcomes globally as well as in resource-limited settings.

Methods: A systematic review on effectiveness of perinatal care regionalization was updated, and a new review on facility-based interventions to improve postnatal care coverage and outcomes was conducted.

The proportion of weight gain due to change in fat mass in infants with vs without rapid growth.

Background: There is extensive evidence that rapid infant weight gain increases the risk of childhood obesity, but this is normally based on childhood body mass index (BMI) only and whether or not this is because infants with rapid weight gain accrue greater fat mass is unknown.

Objective: The primary objective of our study was to test whether the proportion of infant weight gain due to concurrent increases in fat mass is greater in infants with rapid weight gain as compared to those with normal growth.

Methods: Body composition was assessed by (1) air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) at 0 and 6 months in 342 infants from Australia, India, and South Africa and (2) deuterium dilution (DD) at 3 and 24 months in 555 infants from Brazil, Pakistan, South Africa, and Sri Lanka.