Bilateral pontine brachium lesions in one autoantibodies directed against MOG positive patient: A case report.

Rationale: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-related disease is a relatively recent entity in inflammatory demyelinating disease. Its clinical presentation varies in severity and the lack of specific imaging features makes it easy to misdiagnose. We now report the case of a MOG antibody-positive patient who presented with diplopia and dizziness, and whose brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed abnormal signals in the bilateral pontine brachium.

Capsaicin pretreatment attenuates salt-sensitive hypertension by alleviating AMPK/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

Background: Long term hypertension seriously promotes target organ damage in the brain and heart, and has increasingly become serious public health problem worldwide. The anti-hypertensive effects of capsaicin has been reported, however, the role and mechanism of capsaicin within the brain on salt-induced hypertension have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that capsaicin attenuates salt-induced hypertension via the AMPK/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN).

FGF21 attenuates neuroinflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage through promoting mitophagy and inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a form of cerebrovascular event characterized by a notable mortality and morbidity rate. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a versatile hormone predominantly synthesized by the hepatic tissue, has emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent. Nevertheless, the precise impacts and underlying mechanisms of FGF21 in the context of SAH remain enigmatic.

Magnolol upregulates CHRM1 to attenuate Amyloid-β-triggered neuronal injury through regulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal degeneration and hyperphosphorylated Tau. Magnolol is an active component isolated from Magnolia officinalis with potential neuroprotection activity. However, the function and mechanism of magnolol in AD progression is largely uncertain.

GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence based on 46 studies.

Background: It is well known that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been one of the most life-threatening diseases all over the world. Plenty of internal and extrinsic factors have been proven to be related to HCC, such as gene mutation, viral hepatitis, and Nitrosamines. Though previous studies demonstrated that glutathione -transferase (GST) genotypes are associated with HCC, the conclusions are inconsistent.

Anti-GABA receptor encephalitis in a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma.

Anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B (GABA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens, which are primarily observed with small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, and thymoma. Here, we first report a case on the association between a relatively frequent cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), and a rare GABA receptor antibody limbic encephalitis. The patient was treated with immunotherapy and combined-drug chemotherapy, which were partially effective in terms of stabilizing the tumor and relieving neurological symptoms.

Astragaloside Ⅳ Protects Against Aβ1-42-induced Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Rats.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective action of astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ) on spatial learning and memory impairment induced by amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) in rats and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Adult-male Sprague-Dawley rats (230-250 g) were divided into six groups randomly: control, Aβ1-42, AS-Ⅳ, Aβ1-42 plus 5 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ, Aβ1-42 plus 25 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ, and Aβ1-42 plus 50 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ groups. Aβ1-42 were delivered by intracerebroventricular injection under the guidance of a brain stereotaxic apparatus.

Protective role of licochalcone B against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity through regulation of Erk signaling.

Objectives: Oxidative stress has been established as a key cause of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Licochalcone B, an extract of licorice root, has shown antioxidative properties. This study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of licochalcone B in ethanol-induced hepatic injury in an study.

Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, protects against amyloid-β peptide-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory in rats.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share specific molecular mechanisms, and agents with proven efficacy in one may be useful against the other. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exendin-4 has similar properties to GLP-1 and is currently in clinical use for T2DM treatment. Thus, this study was designed to characterize the effects of exendin-4 on the impairment of learning and memory induced by amyloid protein (Aβ) and its probable molecular underlying mechanisms.

miR-139 Functions as An Antioncomir to Repress Glioma Progression Through Targeting IGF-1 R, AMY-1, and PGC-1β.

Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis, characterized by a highly heterogeneous cell population, extensive proliferation, and migration. A lot of molecular mechanisms regulate gliomas development and invasion, including abnormal expression of oncogenes and variation of epigenetic modification. MicroRNAs could affect cell growth and functions.

Vaspin promotes 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation.

Vaspin, a novel adipocyte factor secreted from visceral adipose tissues, is associated with obesity and insulin resistance and can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, increase insulin sensitivity, and suppress inflammation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Proliferation and maladaptive differentiation are important pathological mechanisms underlying obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vaspin on the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells and to explore the likely mechanisms responsible for 3T3-L1 differentiation.