Infection in Lung Cancer Patients with Positive AIGAs: A Rare Case Report.

Background: is considered to commonly cause infection in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, the epidemiology of has changed, and an increasing number of HIV-negative but immunodeficient patients are infected with . The mechanisms of infection of HIV-negative hosts are complex and diverse.

Dual-energy CT-based radiomics nomogram in predicting histological differentiation of head and neck squamous carcinoma: a multicenter study.

Purpose: To develop and validate a dual-energy CT (DECT)-based radiomics nomogram from multicenter trials for predicting the histological differentiation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: A total of 178 patients (112 in the training and 66 in the validation cohorts) from eight institutions with histologically proven HNSCCs were included in this retrospective study. Radiomics-signature models were constructed from features extracted from virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) and iodine-based material decomposition images (IMDI), reconstructed from venous-phase DECT images.

Establishment of tumor inflammasome clusters with distinct immunogenomic landscape aids immunotherapy.

Inflammasome signaling is a reaction cascade that influences immune response and cell death. Although the inflammasomes participate in tumorigenesis, their role as an oncogenic booster or a tumor suppresser is still controversial. Therefore, it is important to comprehensively investigate the inflammasome signaling status across various cancers to clarify its clinical and therapeutic significance.

Retrospective Analysis of 10 Cases of Disseminated Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease with Osteolytic Lesions.

Purpose: Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (DNTM) infection can involve multiple organs, including the lungs, skin and soft tissues and lymph nodes. However, NTM infection leading to osteolysis has been rarely reported. Here, we analyzed the clinical features, osteolytic mechanisms, treatment and prognosis of patients with DNTM disease with osteolytic lesions.

Transmembrane protein 97 exhibits oncogenic properties via enhancing LRP6-mediated Wnt signaling in breast cancer.

Upregulation of transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97) has been associated with progression and poor outcome in multiple human cancers, including breast cancer. Recent studies suggest that TMEM97 may be involved in the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, the molecular mechanism of TMEM97 action on Wnt/β-catenin signaling is completely unclear.

[Role and regulatory mechanism of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 in mice lung ischemia/reperfusion injury].

Objective: To investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2) in mice lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI).

Methods: Thirty-six healthy male C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups according to the random number method (n = 6): normal control group, and LIRI 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours group. Mice LIRI models were established by clamping the left hilum.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the early diagnosis of talaromycosis in HIV-uninfected patients: five cases report.

Background: In recent years, talaromycosis is reportedly on the rise in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected patients. However, the misdiagnosis and mistreatment of talaromycosis is more likely in HIV-uninfected patients than in HIV-infected patients because talaromycosis can be easily mistaken for tuberculosis or any other opportunistic infection. Therefore, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), a novel gene detection method, for the diagnosis of talaromycosis in HIV-uninfected patients.

First-line treatment with chemotherapy plus cetuximab in Chinese patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Efficacy and safety results of the randomised, phase III CHANGE-2 trial.

Background: The EXTREME regimen (chemotherapy [CT; cisplatin/carboplatin and 5-fluorouracil]) plus cetuximab is a standard-of-care first-line (1L) treatment for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN), as supported by international guidelines. The phase III CHANGE-2 trial assessed the efficacy and safety of a modified CT regimen (with a reduced dose of both components) and cetuximab versus CT for the 1L treatment of Chinese patients with R/M SCCHN.

Methods: Patients were randomised to receive up to six cycles of CT plus cetuximab followed by cetuximab maintenance until progressive disease or CT alone.

Talaromyces marneffei and nontuberculous mycobacteria co-infection in HIV-negative patients.

To describe the clinical features and the risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and Talaromyces marneffei (TM) co-infections in HIV-negative patients. A multicenter retrospective study in 13 hospitals, and a systematic literature review were performed of original articles published in English related to TM/NTM co-infections. HIV-negative patients with TM and NTM co-infections comprised Group 1; TM-only infection Group 2; NTM-only infection Group 3; and healthy volunteers Group 4.

LINC00324 suppresses apoptosis and autophagy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through upregulation of PAD4 and activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has high incidence in Southern China and is derived from the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx. Accumulating evidence has revealed that peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) exerts carcinogenic effect on certain cancers. We designed this study to probe the specific role that PAD4 plays in NPC and its molecular mechanism.

Serum Sphingolipids Aiding the Diagnosis of Adult HIV-Negative Patients with Infection.

Increasing attention has been directed to () infection in HIV-negative patients due to its high mortality rate. However, nonspecific symptoms and biological characteristics similar to those of other common pathogenic fungi complicate the rapid and accurate diagnosis of infection. Sphingolipids (SPLs) are bioactive lipids involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes and have been identified as serum biomarkers for several diseases.

The ovarian carcinoma risk with the polymorphisms of CYP1B1 come from the positive selection.

Ovarian carcinoma is one of the major causes of gynecological cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CYP1 family polymorphism with the risk of ovarian carcinoma and chemotherapy resistance. Positive selection was detected among human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, and other species.

Clinical findings of Talaromyces marneffei infection among patients with anti-interferon-γ immunodeficiency: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infection has been associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies. We aimed to investigate the clinical features of non-HIV-infected patients with T.

The SOX9-MMS22L Axis Promotes Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is estimated to be one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. SOX9 is commonly overexpressed in CRC and participates in drug resistance. In addition, DNA damage repair confers resistance to anticancer drugs.

A novel risk-predicted nomogram for sepsis associated-acute kidney injury among critically ill patients.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and severe complication of sepsis contributing to high morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients. In this retrospective study, we develop a novel risk-predicted nomogram of sepsis associated-AKI (SA-AKI).

Methods: A total of 2,871 patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) critical care database were randomly assigned to primary (2,012 patients) and validation (859 patients) cohorts.

Relationship of gene variations with NAFLD risk in Chinese men.

Background: Fat mass and obesity-associated () gene is an obesity susceptibility gene and its relationship with the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationships of gene variations with NAFLD risk in a Chinese male population.

Methods: A 1:2 matched case-control study was performed on 275 cases of NAFLD and 550 controls matched for age.

Inhibition of PAD4 enhances radiosensitivity and inhibits aggressive phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor deriving from nasopharyngeal epithelium. Peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a vital mediator of histone citrullination and plays an essential role in regulating disease process. Radiotherapy is an essential method to treat NPC.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Insulin Resistance Assessment Based on HOMA-IR in Patients with PCOS.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SHBG in predicting insulin resistance (IR) in newly diagnosed, untreated patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hundred newly diagnosed, untreated patients with PCOS and 61 subjects without PCOS (41 healthy volunteers with normal BMI and 20 subjects with overweight/obese) were included in the study. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the effectiveness of SHBG in predicting IR in overweight/obese and non-overweight PCOS patients and the optimal cut-off values of SHBG.

Effect of Esophagus-Remnant Stomach Anterior Wall Anastomosis on Postoperative Reflux and Nutritional Status in Patients with Early- and Intermediate-Stage Proximal Gastric Cancer.

To compare and analyze the incidence of postoperative reflux esophagitis (RE) in patients with early- and intermediate-stage proximal gastric cancer after proximal gastrectomy plus esophagus-remnant stomach anterior wall anastomosis with proper spacing between the reserved anastomotic stoma and the stump of the remnant stomach versus total gastrectomy plus Roux-en-Y anastomosis and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these anastomosis approaches. Hospitalization data of 23 patients with early- and intermediate-stage proximal gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into an observation group who underwent proximal gastrectomy plus esophagus-remnant stomach anterior wall anastomosis with proper spacing between the reserved anastomotic stoma and the stump of the remnant stomach and a control group who underwent total gastrectomy plus Roux-en-Y anastomosis.

Endocrine Therapy for Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer: A Nation-Wide Multicenter Epidemiological Study in China.

Background: Clinical guidelines generally recommend endocrine therapy (ET) as first-line treatment of hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer (HR+ ABC) whereas chemotherapy (CT) should be considered in the presence of life-threatening disease or limited clinical benefit after three sequential ET regimens. However, it is unclear if real-world clinical practice is in accordance with the current guidelines. This study was to present the real-world treatment patterns and ET regimens among HR+ ABC patients in China.

PADI4, negatively regulated by miR-335-5p, participates in regulating the proliferation, migration, invasion and radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4), an enzyme that converts arginine residues to citrulline residues in the presence of calcium ions, affects the biochemical activities of proteins. The biological function of PADI4 as well as its mechanism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) necessitates further investigation. PADI4 expression in NPC tissues and cells was detected using Western blot.

Significance of Oncotype DX 21-Gene Test and Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA MALAT1 in Early and Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Patients.

Objective: To investigate the association between the recurrence score (RS) obtained by Oncotype test and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in early and estrogen receptor-positive (ER) breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: The Oncotype test and expression detection were performed in tumor samples from 76 ER and early breast cancer patients with the Surplex liquid chip. The RS value was calculated based on the expression of total 21 genes.

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the overall survival of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are increasing in incidence. Clinicians urgently need a method that can effectively predict the prognosis of GEP-NENs.A total of 14770 GEP-NENs patients with pathologically confirmed between 1975 and 2016 were obtained from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.

A standardized pathological proposal for evaluating microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study by LCPGC.

Background And Aims: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a key pathological factor that severely affects the postoperative prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no MVI classification schemes based on standardized gross sampling protocols of HCC are available at present.

Methods: 119 HCC specimens were sampled at multiple sites (3-, 7-, and 13 points) for the optimum MVI detection rate.

The PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 enhances the radiosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 10-20% of all breast cancers and is one of the leading causes of mortality among females. Radiotherapy is essential during the treatment of breast cancer. Growing evidence has indicated that peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4) inhibitor can alleviate the development of multiple cancers, including breast cancer, through inhibiting cell proliferation.