A Chemically Defined Culture for Tooth Reconstitution.

It is known for decades that dental epithelium and mesenchyme can reconstitute and regenerate a functional tooth. However, the mechanism of tooth reconstitution remains largely unknown due to the lack of an efficient in vitro model. Here, a chemically defined culture system is established that supports tooth reconstitution, further development with normal anatomy, and prompt response to chemical interference in key developmental signaling pathways, termed as toothoids.

Validation of an HPLC-CAD method for measuring the lipid content of novel LNP-encapsulated COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are frequently employed as mRNA vaccine delivery vehicles. LNPs are made up of four types of lipids: cationic lipid, PEG-lipid conjugate, zwitterionic helper phospholipid, and cholesterol. LNP distribution efficiency is significantly impacted by lipid composition, which also controls LNP stability and bilayer fluidity.

Axin1 regulates tooth root development by inhibiting AKT1-mTORC1 activation and Shh translation in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath.

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) interacts with dental apical mesenchyme and guides development of the tooth root, which is integral to the function of the whole tooth. However, the key genes in HERS essential for root development are understudied. Here, we show that Axin1, a scaffold protein that negatively regulates canonical Wnt signaling, is strongly expressed in the HERS.

Enhancing clinical safety in bioengineered-root regeneration: The use of animal component-free medium.

Background: Most studies used animal serum-containing medium for bioengineered-root regeneration, but ethical and safety issues raised by animal serum are a potentially significant risk for clinical use. Thus, this study aimed to find a safer method for bioengineered-root regeneration.

Methods: The biological properties of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured in animal component-free (ACF) medium or serum-containing medium (5%, 10% serum-containing medium, SCM) were compared .

PGC-1α inhibits NLRP3 signaling through transcriptional activation of POP1 to alleviate inflammation and strengthen osteogenic differentiation of lipopolysaccharide-induced human periodontal stem cells.

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease that affects the oral health of adults. Periodontal stem cells (PDLSCs) have good self-renewal and multipotential differentiation abilities to maintain the integrity of periodontal support structure and repair defects. This study aimed to elucidate the role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ co-activator 1-α (PGC-1α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PDLSCs and the underlying mechanisms related to predicated that pyrin domain (PYD)-only protein 1 (POP1).

Sociodemographic factors impacting the spatial distribution of private dental clinics in major cities of Peoples Republic of China.

Objectives: Investigate the geographical distribution of private dental practices in major Chinese cities and analyze the variables influencing this distribution.

Methods: This study used Python to extract various types of Point of Interest (POI) data spanning from 2016 to 2022 from the AutoNavi map. A 1km*1km grid was constructed to establish the study sample.

Fungal polyketides produced by an endophytic fungus Phoma sp. associated with Gastrodia elata.

Two novel fungal polyketides, phometides A (1) and B (2), together with four known compounds (3-6), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Phoma sp. YUD17001 obtained from Gastrodia elata Blume. The structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses, X-ray crystal diffraction, and time-dependent density functional theory/electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT/ECD) calculations.

Microleakage along the implant-abutment interface: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the incidence of microleakage events (IME) and to identify the potential factors influencing the sealing ability of the implant-abutment interface (IAI) under in vitro investigation.

Material And Methods: An electronic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, combined with a manual literature search was conducted up to September 2022. In vitro studies that reported the degree of microleakage at IAI under dynamic loading conditions were included.

Microbe-host interactions: structure and functions of Gram-negative bacterial membrane vesicles.

Bacteria-host interaction is a common, relevant, and intriguing biological phenomena. The host reacts actively or passively to the bacteria themselves, their products, debris, and so on, through various defense systems containing the immune system, the bacteria communicate with the local or distal tissues of the host via their own surface antigens, secreted products, nucleic acids, etc., resulting in relationships of attack and defense, adaptation, symbiosis, and even collaboration.

induces an inflammatory response via the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in a periodontitis mouse model.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease initiated by periodontopathogenic bacteria in the dental plaque biofilms. Understanding the role of (), a keystone pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis, in the inflammatory response is crucial. Herein, we investigated whether infection triggers the expression of the type I IFN gene and various cytokines and leads to activation of the cGAMP synthase-stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS-STING) pathway both and in a mouse model.

The tree shrew as a new animal model for the study of periodontitis.

Aim: Periodontitis is an inflammatory, infectious disease of polymicrobial origin that can damage tooth-supporting bone and tissue. Tree shrews, evolutionarily closer to humans than commonly used rodent models, have been increasingly used as biomedical models. However, a tree shrew periodontitis model has not yet been established.

Aspirin/PLGA coated 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V alloy modulate macrophage polarization to enhance osteoblast differentiation and osseointegration.

Although titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloy have been widely used as dental and orthopedic implant materials, its bioinertness hindered the rapid osseointegration. Therefore, it is recommended to acquire ideal topographic and chemical characteristics through surface modification methods. 3D printing is a delicate manufacture technique which possesses superior controllability and reproducibility.

Comparative study of dedifferentiated fat cell and adipose-derived stromal cell sheets for periodontal tissue regeneration: In vivo and in vitro evidence.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of adipocyte-derived dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cell and adipose-derived stromal cell (ADSC) sheets for regenerative treatment of intra-bony periodontal defects.

Materials And Methods: DFAT cells were obtained using the ceiling culture method and were compared with ADSCs using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, surface antigen identification, and multilineage differentiation assays. DFAT and ADSC sheets were prepared in a cell sheet culture medium.

Identification of Prognostic Markers for Head and NeckSquamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Glycolysis-Related Genes.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors. Many patients respond differently to treatment and prognosis due to molecular heterogeneity. There is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers to predict the prognosis of patients with HNSCC.

Expert consensus on early childhood caries management.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant chronic disease of childhood and a rising public health burden worldwide. ECC may cause a higher risk of new caries lesions in both primary and permanent dentition, affecting lifelong oral health. The occurrence of ECC has been closely related to the core microbiome change in the oral cavity, which may be influenced by diet habits, oral health management, fluoride use, and dental manipulations.

Role of magnesium-doped calcium sulfate and β-tricalcium phosphate composite ceramics in macrophage polarization and osteo-induction.

In the current study, we explored the role of Mg-doped CaSO/β-TCP composite biopolymer in regulating macrophage polarization and its relation with enhanced osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Furthermore, mechanism underling the regulation of macrophage polarization by CaSO/β-TCP was evaluated. Mg-doped CaSO/β-TCP composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Screening of periodontitis-related diagnostic biomarkers based on weighted gene correlation network analysis and machine algorithms.

Background: Periodontitis is a common oral immune inflammatory disease and early detection plays an important role in its prevention and progression. However, there are no accurate biomarkers for early diagnosis.

Objective: This study screened periodontitis-related diagnostic biomarkers based on weighted gene correlation network analysis and machine algorithms.

Small extracellular vesicles from dental follicle stem cells provide biochemical cues for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Background: Treatments based on stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been explored as an alternative to stem cell transplantation-based therapies in periodontal regeneration. Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) have shown great potential for regenerative medicine applications. However, it is unclear whether sEVs derived from DFSCs (DFSCs-sEVs) could be used in periodontal regeneration.

Yunnan Baiyao Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rats by Shifting the Th17/Treg Cell Balance and Preventing Osteoclast Differentiation.

Yunnan Baiyao (YNB) is a traditional Chinese medicine that possesses anti-inflammatory effects. Previously, we have demonstrated the effects of YNB in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) animal models; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of YNB on the T-helper (Th)17/T-regulatory (Treg) cell balance in a collagen-induced arthritis rat model orally administrated YNB or methotrexate, a widely used therapeutic agent for treating RA.

Successful treatment of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy: A case report.

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC) is a chronic oral mucosal infection caused by Candida. Refractory hyperplastic lesions may lead to epithelial dysplasia and carcinogenesis. Traditional surgical resection may cause irreversible damage and effect the patient's quality of life.

Buccal bone dimensional changes at immediate implant sites in the maxillary esthetic zone within a 4-12-month follow-up period: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the changes in buccal bone dimensions (CBD) following immediate implant placement in the maxillary esthetic zone and to identify the factors influencing the degree of buccal bone resorption for different placement and restoration protocols.

Material And Methods: An electronic search was conducted using the EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and MEDLINE (PubMed) databases, combined with a manual and gray literature search, up to January 2021. Selected clinical studies had to report the changes in horizontal buccal bone dimension in maxillary immediate implantation sites (premolar to premolar) at baseline and at follow-up visits within a year of implantation.

PRMT1 promotes extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis of chondrocytes in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis via the AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway.

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PRMT1 in TMJOA pathogenesis and its underlying molecular mechanism. Compared to the control group, PRMT1 was highly expressed in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes and articular cartilage following MIA injection into rat TMJs.

A questionnaire-based study to comprehensively assess the status quo of rare disease patients and care-givers in China.

Background: There are over 16.8 million rare disease patients in China, representing a large community that should not be neglected. While the public lack the awareness of their existence and difficult status quo, for one reason that they exist as a rare and special group in our society, for another reason that all sectors of the community haven't introduced and propagandized them suitably.

Downregulation of Prolactin-Induced Protein Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells.

BACKGROUND Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are promising seed cells for bone tissue engineering and periodontal regeneration applications. However, the mechanism underlying the osteogenic differentiation process remains largely unknown. Previous reports showed that prolactin-induced protein (PIP) was upregulated after PDLSCs osteogenic induction.

Key Markers and Epigenetic Modifications of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

As a novel research hotspot in tissue regeneration, dental-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are famous for their accessibility, multipotent differentiation ability, and high proliferation. However, cellular heterogeneity is a major obstacle to the clinical application of dental-derived MSCs. Here, we reviewed the heterogeneity of dental-derived MSCs firstly and then discussed the key markers and epigenetic modifications related to the proliferation, differentiation, immunomodulation, and aging of dental-derived MSCs.