Icariside II affects hippocampal neuron axon regeneration and improves learning and memory in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a basic pathological process that is comorbid with brain diseases, such as vascular Parkinsonism and Alzheimer's disease. Icariside II (ICS II), which is one of the main metabolites of icariin, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and protects against ischemic brain injury. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of ICS II on neuronal axon regeneration-related factors in a CCH rat model.

Expression of the P2Y2 receptor in the terminal rectum of fetal rats with anorectal malformation.

Objective: The expression and distribution of a subtype of purine receptors (P2Y2) in the terminal rectum of fetal rats with anorectal malformations (ARM) were examined to investigate their possible impact on the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS).

Methods: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (5 rats) and an experimental group (20 rats). The experimental group was treated with ethylene thiourea (ETU).

[The use of superficial cervical artery island skin flaps in the repair of the maxillofacial and cervical scar].

Objective: To investigate the method of harvesting of superficial cervical artery island skin flap, and its clinical application in the repair of the maxillofacial and cervical scars.

Methods: The origin, course, branches and distribution of the superficial cervical artery were studied in 10 adult cadavers. The superficial cervical artery could be divided into three segments: i.