The methylation signature of hepatocellular carcinoma trajectory based on pseudotime and chronological time for predicting precancerous patients.

Background: Early screening of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is strongly recommended for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. We aimed to develop and validate a predictive nomogram based on HCC occurrence trajectory for screening precancerous patients with HCC.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples from 22 patients with HCC with their precancerous stage (n = 55) and 18 healthy controls were measured using HumanMethylation EPIC BeadChip assay.

Expert consensus on perioperative management for liver tumors treated with co-ablation system therapy.

Co-ablation system therapy is currently in its early stages of application in tumor treatment in China. The associated protocols for perioperative management are not yet well-developed and suffer from a lack of corresponding guidelines or consensus. This study aims to improve the quality of clinical treatment and nursing care and to standardize perioperative management for patients with liver tumors undergoing co-ablation system therapy.

Depression decreases immunity and PD-L1 inhibitor efficacy via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Depression weakens antitumor immunity, yet the underlying mechanisms linking depression and tumor growth remain unclear. This study examines the influence of depression on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immunological function, and effectiveness of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.

Methods: A mouse model of comorbid TNBC and depression was established via chronic restraint stress (CRS) and 4T1 tumor transplantation.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of infection in initially treated patients with multiple myeloma during the induction period.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematologic malignancy and immune dysfunction is a hallmark of the disease. It leads to an increased infection risk, which is still a major cause of mortality. The infection spectrum and characteristics have evolved with the introduction of novel agents.

Constructing Surrogate Lung Ventilation Maps From 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Derived Subregional Respiratory Dynamics.

Purpose: To present a 2-stage framework that robustly extracts and maps reliable lung ventilation surrogates based on subregional respiratory dynamics (SRDs) measured from 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) images, with comprehensive consideration of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the ventilation process over the respiratory cycle.

Methods And Materials: We retrospectively analyzed 3 subject cohorts from the Ventilation and Medical Pulmonary Image Registration Evaluation challenge containing 4DCT and reference ventilation imaging (RefVI) scans. Lung subregions were partitioned on the 4DCT end-of-exhale base phase using anatomically constrained simple linear iterative clustering, whereas sliding-preserved interphase image registrations were performed between the base and other phases.

Hexavalent chromium induced metabolic reprogramming, carcinogenesis and tumor progression through PDK1 upregulation.

Lung cancer is the leading factor of cancer-related death in the worldwide. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a potential carcinogen for inducing lung cancers. To understand new mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced tumorigenesis and cancer development, we identified that PDK1 expression levels were greatly increased in chromium-transformed cells (Cr-T) compared to the parental BEAS-2B (B2B) cells by proteomic profiling and Western blotting; PDK1 levels were also induced in lung cancer cell lines and in lung samples of mice exposed to Cr(VI).

The efficacy and safety of the prophylactic application of PEG-rhG-CSF in radiotherapy with weekly concurrent chemotherapy for cervical cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in preventing neutropenia during concurrent radiotherapy combined with weekly chemotherapy in patients with cervical cancer.

Methods: From September 2019 to November 2020, 180 patients with cervical cancer who required concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into the following three groups at a ratio of 1:1:1: Group A (PEG-rhG-CSF), Group B (PEG-rhG-CSF + rhG-CSF) and the control group (rhG-CSF).

Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy as a First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase 3 EXTENTORCH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have poor prognoses and unmet medical needs.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus etoposide and platinum-based chemotherapy (EP) vs placebo plus EP as a first-line treatment for patients with ES-SCLC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 randomized clinical trial (EXTENTORCH study) enrolled patients from September 26, 2019, to May 20, 2021, and was conducted at 49 sites in China.

Discovery of Novel 5-Cyano-3-phenylindole-Based LSD1/HDAC Dual Inhibitors for Colorectal Cancer Treatment.

The dual inhibition of histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this study, we report the discovery of novel 5-cyano-3-phenylindole-based LSD1/HDAC dual inhibitors, evaluated through both in vitro and in vivo assays. Among these inhibitors, compound was identified as particularly potent, exhibiting high inhibitory activity against LSD1 (IC = 39.

Riboflavin kinase binds and activates inducible nitric oxide synthase to reprogram macrophage polarization.

Riboflavin kinase (RFK) is essential in riboflavin metabolism, converting riboflavin to flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which is further processed to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). While RFK enhances macrophage phagocytosis of Listeria monocytogenes, its role in macrophage polarization is not well understood. Our study reveals that RFK deficiency impairs M(IFN-γ) and promotes M(IL-4) polarization, both in vitro and in vivo.

Case report: targeted therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor tyrosine kinase gene fusion mutation by crizotinib.

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare highly invasive tumour originating from the mesothelial cells of the pleura, peritoneum and pericardium. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is the most common type in all malignant mesothelioma. The onset of MPM is associated with exposure to asbestos and it can have an incubation period of up to 40 years.

Relationship between adipocytes and hematological tumors in the bone marrow microenvironment: a literature review.

Background And Objective: The bone marrow microenvironment is closely related to normal hematopoiesis and hematologic tumors. Adipocytes are an important part of the bone marrow microenvironment, in which they can release free fatty acids (FFAs) through lipolysis and secrete adipocytokines, etc., and participate in normal hematopoiesis, which is closely related to the occurrence and treatment of hematological tumors.

Advantages of the split-leg supine position single-port plus one laparoscopic surgery approach.

The goal of this study was to compare the advantages of conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) and the split-leg supine position single-port plus one laparoscopic surgery (SSP SILS + 1) in esophageal surgery. This study enrolled 73 patients who previously underwent radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer from August 2021 to February 2023. Among them, 36 patients underwent SSP SILS + 1, whereas the remaining 37 patients underwentCLS.

Taohe Chengqi decoction improves diabetic cognitive dysfunction by alleviating neural stem cell senescence through HIF1α-driven metabolic signaling.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by numerous long-term complications, in which progressive cognitive decline represents a significant risk factor for dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders. Taohe Chengqi decoction (THCQ) is a common traditional Chinese formula for treating T2DM; however, the neuroprotective effect of THCQ on diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. Hence, the present study investigated the therapeutic effects of THCQ on cognitive impairment associated with T2DM and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.

Res@ZIF-90 suppress gastric cancer progression by disturbing mitochondrial homeostasis.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is still a serious threat to human health worldwide. As a natural compound, resveratrol has been proven to have anti-tumor activity, and the nano-delivery carrier has shown its excellent ability to retain and control drug release.

Methods: Res@ZIF-90 underwent synthesis via a one-pot method and subsequent characterization encompassing Dynamic Light Scattering, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, and UV-vis absorption spectroscope.

Dissecting L-glutamine metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia: single-cell insights and therapeutic implications.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly progressing blood cancer. The prognosis of AML can be challenging, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and innovative approaches to improve outcomes in individuals affected by this formidable hematologic malignancy.

Methods: In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) from AML patients to investigate the impact of L-glutamine metabolism-related genes on disease progression.

Structured protein probes modified with selenium nanoparticle for 1-minute measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antigen.

Conventional point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays are characterized by an antibody-tagged probe irregular coupling that can limit sensitivity and require a long assay's time. We synthesized polyethylene glycol-modified selenium nanoparticles (PEG-SeNPs) by template method and developed a strategy to set antibody probes targeted and orderly by using PEG-SeNPs. Synthesized PEG-SeNPs with high stability could immobilize antibodies in the "stand-up" orientation, resulting in a faster detection time of less than 1 min by direct observer visualization without instruments or equipment.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cT1-2N0 minor salivary gland cancer in oral cavity.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in cT1/2N0 minor salivary gland cancer (mSGC) located within the oral cavity.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with cT1/2N0 oral mSGC, who were categorized into two groups based on neck management approaches. The impact of SLNB versus observation on regional control and overall survival was assessed using a Cox model.

A quantitative model using multi-parameters in dual-energy CT to preoperatively predict serosal invasion in locally advanced gastric cancer.

Objectives: To develop and validate a quantitative model for predicting serosal invasion based on multi-parameters in preoperative dual-energy CT (DECT).

Materials And Methods: A total of 342 LAGC patients who underwent gastrectomy and DECT from six centers were divided into one training cohort (TC), and two validation cohorts (VCs). Dual-phase enhanced DECT-derived iodine concentration (IC), water concentration, and monochromatic attenuation of lesions, along with clinical information, were measured and collected.

A StarGAN and transformer-based hybrid classification-regression model for multi-institution VMAT patient-specific quality assurance.

Background: The field of artificial intelligence (AI)-based patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) faces challenges in terms of developing general models across institutions due to the prevalence of multi-institution data collection and multivariate heterogeneity. Building a general model that is capable of handling diverse multi-institution data is critical for enabling large-scale integration and analysis.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a star generative adversarial network (StarGAN) and transformer-based hybrid classification-regression PSQA framework to address unification of heterogeneous data from different institutions.