Effects of DNA methylase inhibitors in a murine model of severe BPD.

DNA methylation is necessary for developmental gene regulation, but adverse environments result in aberrant methylation and gene silencing. The current pilot study tested the hypothesis that treatment with DNA methylation inhibitors (decitabine; RG108) would improve alveolarization in a newborn murine model of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Newborn mice exposed to maternal inflammation (LPS) and neonatal hyperoxia (85% O) were treated with decitabine (p3, 0.

Prognostic Value of Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging for Predicting Venous Thromboembolism in Children With Lymphoma.

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging can detect changes in arterial inflammation, but has not been used to evaluate chemotherapy-induced venous inflammation or assess risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric oncology. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT imaging of venous inflammation for predicting VTE occurrence in the 12 months after lymphoma diagnosis in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients.

Methods: Pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with lymphoma diagnoses (n=71) who underwent whole-body PET/CT imaging at initial staging of disease and first therapeutic follow-up were retrospectively evaluated for serial changes in lower extremity venous uptake of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose.

Evaluating the evidence behind umbilical cord clamping practices in at-risk neonatal populations.

Umbilical cord clamping practices impact nearly 140 million births each year. Current evidence has led professional organizations to recommend delayed cord clamping (DCC), as opposed to early cord clamping (ECC), as the standard of care in uncomplicated term and preterm deliveries. However, variability remains in cord management practices for maternal-infant dyads at higher risk of complications.

A Population-Based Study on Injury Risk and Disparities Among Children With ADHD.

Objective: Impaired attention and inhibitory control put children with ADHD at potentially high risk of injury-one of the leading causes of disability in the general pediatric population. Existing research has yet to examine this important health risk using nationally representative samples. This population-based study aimed to address this gap.

Social Needs as a Risk Factor for Positive Postpartum Depression Screens in Pediatric Primary Care.

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the association between self-reported social needs and postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms of mothers screened in pediatric primary care clinics.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data from 3616 pediatric patients (age 0-6 months), whose mothers completed the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and a social needs screening in a large pediatric primary care network between April 2021 and February 2022. Mothers were screened for four self-reported social needs (food, housing, transportation, and utilities).

A genome-wide association analysis of loss of ambulation in dystrophinopathy patients suggests multiple candidate modifiers of disease severity.

The major determinant of disease severity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or milder Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is whether the dystrophin gene (DMD) mutation truncates the mRNA reading frame or allows expression of a partially functional protein. However, even in the complete absence of dystrophin, variability in disease severity is observed, and candidate gene studies have implicated several genes as modifiers. Here we present the largest genome-wide search to date for loci influencing severity in N = 419 DMD patients.

Reproductive Health Counseling among Youth with Sickle Cell Disease.

Study Objective: Reproductive health counseling is important for youth with sickle cell disease (SCD) given that they experience potential infertility risks from SCD and its treatments and high rates of unplanned pregnancies. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe documented occurrences of reproductive health counseling among youth with SCD and examine differences in counseling by sociodemographic and treatment characteristics.

Methods: Data were abstracted from 167 electronic medical records of patients (age = 14-21, 54% female) with SCD (1/01/2015-12/31/19) at 2 sites (Nationwide Children's Hospital and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone).

Deep Learning for Synthetic CT from Bone MRI in the Head and Neck.

Background And Purpose: Bone MR imaging techniques enable visualization of cortical bone without the need for ionizing radiation. Automated conversion of bone MR imaging to synthetic CT is highly desirable for downstream image processing and eventual clinical adoption. Given the complex anatomy and pathology of the head and neck, deep learning models are ideally suited for learning such mapping.

Inclusion of Spanish-Speaking Families in NICU Symptom Research Using a Community Advisory Board.

Background: Admission rates of Hispanic/Latinx families to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are rising, yet knowledge regarding their experiences is limited. Non-English-speaking families are often excluded from research because study measures are not available in their language. The inclusion of these families in NICU research is crucial to understand the impact of cultural and language barriers in infant and family care, and the translation of study measures into Spanish could better ensure that these families' perspectives are included.

Extracting Medical Information From Free-Text and Unstructured Patient-Generated Health Data Using Natural Language Processing Methods: Feasibility Study With Real-world Data.

Background: Patient-generated health data (PGHD) captured via smart devices or digital health technologies can reflect an individual health journey. PGHD enables tracking and monitoring of personal health conditions, symptoms, and medications out of the clinic, which is crucial for self-care and shared clinical decisions. In addition to self-reported measures and structured PGHD (eg, self-screening, sensor-based biometric data), free-text and unstructured PGHD (eg, patient care note, medical diary) can provide a broader view of a patient's journey and health condition.

Field Hockey-Related Injuries Treated in US Emergency Departments, 2000 to 2020.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of field hockey-related injuries of patients aged 6 to 24 years who were treated in US emergency departments from 2000 to 2020.

Design: The researchers conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS).

Setting: The NEISS collects data on recreational activity-related and consumer product-related injuries treated in US Eds.

The Application of Porous Scaffolds for Cardiovascular Tissues.

As the number of arteriosclerotic diseases continues to increase, much improvement is still needed with treatments for cardiovascular diseases. This is mainly due to the limitations of currently existing treatment options, including the limited number of donor organs available or the long-term durability of the artificial organs. Therefore, tissue engineering has attracted significant attention as a tissue regeneration therapy in this area.

The Association of Global and Disease-Related Stress With Susceptibility to and Use of E-Cigarettes and Marijuana Among Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease.

Objective: Adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are exposed to disease-related stressors and have elevated risk for cardiovascular and cognitive complications that are exacerbated by e-cigarettes and marijuana. The aims of this cross-sectional study are to: (1) identify the association between perceived global and disease-related stress and susceptibility to e-cigarettes and marijuana, (2) determine if the association between stress and susceptibility differs by gender, and (3) explore the association between stress and ever use of e-cigarettes and marijuana among adolescents with CHD.

Methods: Adolescents with CHD (N = 98; aged 12-18 years) completed self-report measures of susceptibility to/ever use of e-cigarettes and marijuana and global and disease-related stress.

p38 MAPK and MKP-1 control the glycolytic program via the bifunctional glycolysis regulator PFKFB3 during sepsis.

Hyperlactatemia often occurs in critically ill patients during severe sepsis/septic shock and is a powerful predictor of mortality. Lactate is the end product of glycolysis. While hypoxia due to inadequate oxygen delivery may result in anaerobic glycolysis, sepsis also enhances glycolysis under hyperdynamic circulation with adequate oxygen delivery.

Tubular Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Disruption Elicits Redox Adaptations that Protect from Acute Kidney Injury.

Energy-intensive kidney reabsorption processes essential for normal whole-body function are maintained by tubular epithelial cell metabolism. Tubular metabolism changes markedly following acute kidney injury (AKI), but which changes are adaptive versus maladaptive remain poorly understood. In publicly available data sets, we noticed a consistent downregulation of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) after AKI, which we experimentally confirmed.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Iron Deficiency and Anemia in Youth With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objectives: Iron deficiency (ID) with and without anemia is prevalent in children and adults diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but often goes unrecognized. We hypothesized, quality improvement (QI) methodology could increase the screening for and treatment of ID in children newly diagnosed with IBD.

Methods: We developed and implemented an easy-to-follow algorithm to facilitate screening for and treatment of ID for patients diagnosed with IBD.