Comparison of intracranial injury predictability between machine learning algorithms and the nomogram in pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The overuse of head CT examinations has been much discussed, especially those for minor traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the disruptive era, machine learning (ML) is one of the prediction tools that has been used and applied in various fields of neurosurgery. The objective of this study was to compare the predictive performance between ML and a nomogram, which is the other prediction tool for intracranial injury following cranial CT in children with TBI.

Genetic Diversity of Human Host Genes Involved in Immune Response and the Binding of Malaria Parasite in Patients Residing along the Thai-Myanmar border.

Polymorphisms of the genes encoding proteins involved in immune functions and the binding of malaria parasites to human host cells have been the focus of research in recent years, aiming to understand malaria pathogenesis and case severity and to exploit this knowledge to assert control over malaria. This study investigated the genetic diversity of the human host genes encoding proteins that are involved in immune functions and malaria parasite binding, i.e.

Mucin 1 regulates the hypoxia response in head and neck cancer cells.

Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that contributes to the cellular response in hypoxic conditions in different carcinomas. We investigated the gene expression pattern of MUCs (1, 2, 4, 5AC, 5B, 6, 15, 16, and 19) in isogenic primary (HN4 and HN30) and metastatic (HN12 and HN31) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. MUC1 was significantly up-regulated at the mRNA and protein levels in HN12 and HN31 cells, whereas, other MUCs exhibited diverse expression patterns between HNSCC cell lines.

Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy.

Background: Carotid endarterectomy may significantly reduce the risk of stroke in people with recently symptomatic, severe carotid artery stenosis. However, there are significant perioperative risks that may be minimised by performing the operation under local rather than general anaesthetics. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 1996, and previously updated in 2004, 2008, and 2013.

Sulfur-Doped Carbons from Durian Peels, Their Surface Characteristics, and Electrochemical Behaviors.

Durian peels are an agricultural waste in Asian countries, including Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia, which can be used as a precursor for the production of activated carbon. The objective of this work is to produce activated carbon from durian peels by chemical activation using sodium sulfite (NaSO) as an activating and sulfur-doping agent. The process parameter investigated in this study was the activation temperature (500-900 °C) at a fixed impregnation ratio (durian to activating agent of 1:1, by weight).

Antibacterial and osteogenic activities of clindamycin-releasing mesoporous silica/carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogels.

Conventional treatment of jaw bone infection is often ineffective at controlling bacterial infection and enhancing bone regeneration. Biodegradable composite hydrogels comprised of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and clindamycin (CDM)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41), possessing dual antibacterial activity and osteogenic potency, were developed in the present study. CDM was successfully loaded into both untreated and plasma-treated MCM-41 nanoparticles, denoted as (p)-MCM-41, followed by the incorporation of each of CDM-loaded (p)-MCM-41 into CMCS.

Portable paper-based device for ABO and RhD typing using smartphone interpretation: Optical answer sheet reading concept.

The slide method for ABO blood group typing is commonly used for mobile blood donation and field applications because the test is easy, cost-effective, can be completed in a few minutes and requires a small volume of reagents. However, the reaction must be observed by an individual with expertise within 2 min; otherwise, drying of the reagent will give a false positive result. Moreover, the blood typing reagents must be stored at 4 °C.

Unintended harm: A qualitative study of "harm" upon people who inject drugs in Bangkok, Thailand.

Given the highly pervasive health threats faced by people who inject drugs, harm reduction has been implemented in Thailand. Although harm reduction is a particularly effective public health strategy for reducing risky behavior, it is currently practiced with minimal understanding of unintended harm-drug policy, social exclusion, stigma, and discrimination-for people who inject drugs (PWID) in Thailand. This study aims to understanding the "unintended harm" encountered by people who inject drugs in Bangkok in their everyday lives through social interaction at all levels of society from macro, micro, and individual levels.

Codesign and implementation of an equity-promoting national health literacy programme for people living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a protocol for the application of the Optimising Health Literacy and Access (Ophelia) process.

Introduction: Non-government organisations (NGOs) often represent people who are underserved or experiencing vulnerability. Crohn's & Colitis Australia (CCA) is aware that many Australians with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not reached by current communication and engagement activities. The aim of the CCA IBD project is to implement the Optimising Health Literacy and Access (Ophelia) process over 3 years to collaboratively codesign ways to improve delivery of information, services and resources for people with IBD and their carers.

β-eudesmol but not atractylodin exerts an inhibitory effect on CFTR-mediated chloride transport in human intestinal epithelial cells.

Oriental herbal medicine with the two bioactive constituents, β-eudesmol (BE) and atractylodin (AT), has been used as a remedy for gastrointestinal disorders. There was no scientific evidence reporting their antidiarrheal effect and underpinning mechanisms. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the anti-secretory activity of these two compounds in vitro.

A preliminary study of skin bleaching and factors associated with skin bleaching among women living in Zimbabwe.

Background: Skin bleaching was reported to be commonly practiced among women and Africa was reported to be one of the most affected yet the subject is not given much attention in public health research in Zimbabwe despite the adverse effects of skin bleaching on health.

Method: This study was an exploratory cross-sectional survey to explore skin bleaching, skin bleaching patterns and factors associated with skin bleaching among women living in Zimbabwe. An online self-administered questionnaire was sent out to women on social network i.

Proteomics Analysis of Andrographolide-Induced Apoptosis via the Regulation of Tumor Suppressor p53 Proteolysis in Cervical Cancer-Derived Human Papillomavirus 16-Positive Cell Lines.

Regardless of the prophylactic vaccine accessibility, persistent infections of high-risk human papillomaviruses (hr-HPVs), recognized as an etiology of cervical cancers, continues to represent a major health problem for the world population. An overexpression of viral early protein 6 (E6) is linked to carcinogenesis. E6 induces anti-apoptosis by degrading tumor suppressor proteins p53 (p53) via E6-E6-associated protein (E6AP)-mediated polyubiquitination.

Protective Effect of Panduratin A on Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis of Human Renal Proximal Tubular Cells and Acute Kidney Injury in Mice.

Background: Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapy but its main side effect, acute kidney injury, limits its use. Panduratin A, a bioactive compound extracted from Boesenbergia rotunda, shows several biological activities such as anti-oxidative effects. The present study investigated the nephroprotective effect of panduratin A on cisplatin-induced renal injury.

Metataxonomic analysis of bacterial communities and mycotoxin reduction during processing of three millet varieties into ogi, a fermented cereal beverage.

Ogi is a fermented cereal beverage, made primarily from maize (Zea mays) and rarely from millets. Unlike maize-based ogi, little is known about the bacterial community and mycotoxin profile during the production of millet-based ogi. Therefore, the bacterial community dynamics and mycotoxin reduction during ogi processing from three millet varieties were investigated using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively.

Association between ABCB1 Polymorphisms and Artesunate-Mefloquine Treatment Responses of Patients with Falciparum Malaria on the Thailand-Myanmar Border.

A decrease in the clinical efficacy of a 3-day artesunate-mefloquine combination treatment was reported in the areas of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum along the Thailand-Myanmar border. The current study investigated the possible contribution of genetic polymorphisms of the three major genes encoding drug efflux transporters, ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1, to responses to the aforementioned treatment in 91 patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria residing along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Patients carrying homozygous mutant genotype ABCB1 c.

Clinical Nomogram Predicting Intracranial Injury in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: There are differences in injured mechanisms among pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) in developing countries. This study aimed to develop and validate clinical nomogram for predicting intracranial injury in pediatric TBI that will be implicated in balancing the unnecessary investigation in the general practice.

Materials And Methods: The retrospective study was conducted in all patients who were younger than 15 years old and underwent computed tomography (CT) of the brain after TBI in southern Thailand.

Effects of hydrotherapy and land-based exercise on mobility and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial.

[Purpose] To determine the effects of hydrotherapy and land-based exercises on functional mobility and quality of life among patients with knee osteoarthritis. [Participants and Methods] We conducted a randomized controlled trial with knee osteoarthritis patients randomly allocated into land-based (n=17) and hydrotherapy groups (n=17). The Time-Up and Go (TUG), Five Times Sit-to-Stand (5STS), Stair Climbing Test (SCT), and Quality of Life by questionnaires including the Modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire Thai version (Thai WOMAC) were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks.

Co-occurrence and toxicological relevance of secondary metabolites in dairy cow feed from Thailand.

The occurrence of secondary metabolites and co-contaminants in dairy cow feed samples ( = 115), concentrate, roughage, and mixed feed, collected from Ratchaburi and Kanjanaburi provinces, Thailand, between August 2018 and March 2019 were investigated using LC-MS/MS based multi-toxin method. A total of 113 metabolites were found in the samples. Fungal metabolites were the predominant compounds, followed by plant metabolites.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs and Pork in the Central Region of Thailand.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) have been a major public health concern in humans. Among MRSA, livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA strains have always been associated with exposure to livestock or their products and have emerged in different countries globally. Although studies have identified LA-MRSA from healthy pigs and pork in Thailand, prevalence in slaughtered pigs is still unknown.

Characteristics and biologic effects of thermosensitive quercetin-chitosan/collagen hydrogel on human periodontal ligament stem cells.

Thermosensitive hydrogels could function as scaffolds and delivery vehicle of natural flavonoids. The current study aimed to investigate effects of chitosan/collagen ratios on properties of thermosensitive beta-glycerophosphate (bGP) chitosan/collagen hydrogels as delivery vehicle of quercetin and then examined effects of quercetin-hydrogels on growth and cell viability of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Microstructure and physical, mechanical and antioxidant properties and quercetin release profiles of the hydrogels were investigated.

Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty.

Background: Extracranial carotid artery stenosis is the major cause of stroke, which can lead to disability and mortality. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with carotid patch angioplasty is the most popular technique for reducing the risk of stroke. Patch material may be made from an autologous vein, bovine pericardium, or synthetic material including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Dacron, polyurethane, and polyester.

A randomized placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial to evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC. in healthy Thai subjects.

Background: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC. (AL) and bioactive compounds β-eudesmol and atractylodin have been demonstrated in the in vitro and in vivo studies for their potential clinical use in cholangiocarcinoma. The study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of AL in human subjects.

Accuracy, Reliability and Clinical Implications of Static Compared to Quantifiable Occlusal Indicators.

Objective: This literature review summarizes the properties, advantages, limitations, and clinical implications of employing static occlusal indicators compared to quantifiable digital occlusal indicators during occlusal adjustments.

Method: An electronic database search of dental literature was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE using the key words Occlusal Indicators, Occlusal Assessment, Static, Reliability, Dynamic, Repeatability, Validity and Clinical Accuracy. A total of 231 papers were isolated, with 129 papers considered for review.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor modulates proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptotic activity in head and neck cancer cell lines.

Background/purpose: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional cytokine that contributes to the progression of several cancers. MIF overexpression has been reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. However, the exact role of MIF in HNSCC is not fully understood.