Sequential testing with Xpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai University Hospital.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for reducing morbidity and mortality in tuberculous meningitis (TBM). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of TBM in patients with subacute lymphocytic meningitis. This cross-sectional study included 65 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand, between January 2015 and March 2016.

Ultrasensitive and selective impedance paper-based analytical device through Dual-C imprinted sensor for determination of carcinoembryonic antigen and C-reactive protein.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are biomacromolecules known as cancer and inflammatory markers. Thus, they play a crucial role in early cancer diagnosis, post-treatment recurrence detection, and tumor risk assessment. This paper describes the development of an ultrasensitive and selective imprinted paper-based analytical device (PAD) as impedance sensor for determination of CEA and CRP in serum samples for point-of-care testing (POCT).

Enhanced hybrid attention deep learning for avocado ripeness classification on resource constrained devices.

Attention mechanisms such as the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) can help emphasize and refine the most relevant feature maps such as color, texture, spots, and wrinkle variations for the avocado ripeness classification. However, the CBAM lacks global context awareness, which may prevent it from capturing long-range dependencies or global patterns such as relationships between distant regions in the image. Further, more complex neural networks can improve model performance but at the cost of increasing the number of layers and train parameters, which may not be suitable for resource constrained devices.

Predicting falls with ultrasound, physical parameters or fall-risk questions among older adults: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Falls are a significant issue among older adults, leading to morbidity and mortality. Screening for fall risk in the ED is crucial but challenging due to time limitations and patient conditions. Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle loss, is associated with increased fall risk, and ultrasound has been proposed as a non-invasive tool to measure muscle mass in this context.

Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Blood Loss and Patient Outcomes in Orthognathic Surgery: A Randomised Clinical Trial.

Introduction And Aims: Blood loss is a common side-effect in orthognathic surgery. Deliberated hypotensive anaesthesia can reduce blood loss. The purpose was to evaluate the effect of add-on dexmedetomidine compared with the usual hypotensive drug bolus on blood loss and patient outcomes in orthognathic surgery.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among garment workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Garment workers are at high risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to repetitive physical tasks, long working hours and varying workstations. As there is no existing epidemiological overview of MSDs among garment workers, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the global evidence on prevalence of MSDs in this population.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Analytical approaches to evaluate risk factors of multimorbidity: a systematic scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Understanding causal risk factors that contribute to the development of multimorbidity is essential for designing and targeting effective preventive strategies. Despite a large body of research in this field, there has been little critical discussion about the appropriateness of the various analytical approaches used. This proposed scoping review aims to summarise and appraise the analytical approaches used in the published literature that evaluated risk factors of multimorbidity and to provide guidance for researchers conducting analyses in this field.

Starfield's 4Cs of NCD management in primary healthcare: a conceptual framework development from a case study of 19 countries.

Introduction: Faced with a backdrop of an increasing chronic disease burden from an ageing global population compounded with rising healthcare costs, health systems are required to implement cost-effective, safe and equitable care through efficient service delivery models. One approach to achieving this is through Starfield's 4Cs of primary healthcare (PHC), which delineates the key attributes of a high-performing PHC system that upholds the pillars of care coordination, first contact of care, continuity of care and comprehensive care. Therefore, this study aims to explore and elucidate the key themes and subthemes related to and extending beyond Starfield's 4Cs of PHC by integrating findings from a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative study.

Influence of chitosan encapsulation on functionality and stability of astaxanthin nanoemulsion fabricated using high pressure homogenizer.

Astaxanthin is a natural antioxidant substance, but it can be easily degraded by light, heat, and oxidation. One solution to overcome these problems is to transform astaxanthin into nanoemulsion within a protective matrix produced during an encapsulation process. In this study astaxanthin nanoemulsion (ANE) and chitosan (CS) incorporated with ANE (CS-ANE) were fabricated using high-pressure homogenizer (HPH).

Efficacy of an online exercise program to improve weight management outcomes in individuals with obesity; A randomised trial.

Aims: To compare the efficacy of an online exercise programme with that of standard physical activity recommendations for weight management.

Methods: We conducted an unblinded randomised controlled trial involving individuals with obesity. The study group received dietary advice and participated in an online exercise programme, while the control group received dietary advice and exercise guidance via printed documents.

Design, synthesis, and antiviral activity of fragmented-lapatinib aminoquinazoline analogs towards SARS-CoV-2 inhibition.

The severe impact of COVID-19 on global health and economies highlights the critical need for innovative treatments. Recently, lapatinib, a drug initially used for breast cancer, has been identified as a potential inhibitor of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, meriting further investigation. Utilizing rational design strategies and guided by MD simulations, we developed novel aminoquinazoline analogs based on fragmented lapatinib's structure.

Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 on 64 notifiable infectious diseases in Australia: A Bayesian Structural Time Series model.

Background: Several studies have examined the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in Australia and globally. However, to our knowledge none have sufficiently explored their impact on other infectious diseases with robust time series model. In this study, we aimed to use Bayesian Structural Time Series model (BSTS) to systematically assess the impact of NPIs on 64 National Notifiable Infectious Diseases (NNIDs) by conducting a comprehensive and comparative analysis across eight disease categories within each Australian state and territory, as well as nationally.

Exploring the effect of Zr/B ratio on the stability and reactivity of activated ε-caprolactone complexes: A DFT, QTAIM and NCI study.

Monomer insertion, leading to the formation of an activated monomer complex, is a critical step in cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of cyclic monomers, such as ε-caprolactone (CL). In this study, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of four activated complexes at two Zr:B ratios (1:2 and 1:1), where Zr is the cationic zirconocene catalyst, Cp₂ZrMe⁺, and B is the borate cocatalyst, [MeB(CF)] or [B(CF)]. Steric hindrance at the reactive site was analyzed using topographic steric maps, while inter- and intramolecular interactions of the complex systems were examined through the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analyses.

Potential for application of direct thrombin inhibitors isolated from Euphorbia resinifera O.Berg latex in fibrin clot formation.

Direct thrombin inhibitors (designated as EuRL-DTIs) were partially purified from ethanol extracts of Euphorbia resinifera O.Berg latex. The obtained EuRL-DTIs comprised four major compounds: two isomers of phenolic compounds (CHO) and two amide compounds (tentatively identified as CHNO and CHNO), as identified by liquid chromatography and electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and/or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Role of A adenosine receptor in cardiovascular diseases: Bridging molecular mechanisms with therapeutic opportunities.

Adenosine serves as a critical homeostatic regulator, exerting influence over physiological and pathological conditions in the cardiovascular system. During cellular stress, increased extracellular adenosine levels have been implicated in conferring cardioprotective effects through the activation of adenosine receptors with the A adenosine receptor subtype showing the highest expression in the heart. A adenosine receptor stimulation inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity via heterotrimeric G proteins, leading to the activation of distinct downstream effectors involved in cardiovascular homeostasis.

Precise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV.

Using the e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, at center-of-mass energies from the threshold to 4.95 GeV, we present precise measurements of the cross section for the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} using a single-tag method. The resulting cross section line shape exhibits several new structures, thereby offering an input for a future coupled-channel analysis and model tests, which are critical to understand vector charmonium-like states with masses between 4 and 5 GeV.

Bioanalytical method for NAD detection in blood plasma utilizing solution-phase formate dehydrogenase and electrochemical detection.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a crucial coenzyme in cellular metabolism and is implicated in various diseases. This work introduces an electrochemical bioanalytical method utilizing solution-phase formate dehydrogenase (CbFDH) for detecting its oxidized form (NAD) in human blood plasma samples. The detection mechanism involves the catalytic conversion of NAD to NADH, facilitated by CbFDH in the presence of formate.

Two NADPH-dependent 2-ketogluconate reductases involved in 2-ketogluconate assimilation in sp. strain CHM43.

Unlabelled: Incomplete oxidation of glucose by sp. strain CHM43 produces gluconic acid and then 2- or 5-ketogluconic acid. Although 2-keto-D-gluconate (2KG) is a valuable compound, it is sometimes consumed by itself via an unknown metabolic pathway.

Cost-Utility Analysis of Non-Invasive Tests to Initiate Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Background Aims: Non-invasive tests (NITs), e.g. Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) and vibration-controlled elastography (VCTE), have been used to identify metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients at high risks for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Silencing of O-GlcNAc transferase attenuated O-GlcNAcylation and metastatic potentials of melanoma cells through suppression of Akt-NFkB signaling pathway.

O-GlcNAcylation is an important biological process in regulating the function of many nucleocytoplasmic proteins in cells.  Enhancement of O-GlcNAcylation was associated with cancer development and progression.  Here, we demonstrated the involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in melanoma metastasis.

Interventions to reduce non-prescription antimicrobial sales in community pharmacies.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health concern. One of the most important causes of AMR is the excessive and inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs in healthcare and community settings. Most countries have policies that require antimicrobial drugs to be obtained from a pharmacy by prescription.