Unlocking the Power of 3D Convolutional Neural Networks for COVID-19 Detection: A Comprehensive Review.

The advent of three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNNs) has revolutionized the detection and analysis of COVID-19 cases. As imaging technologies have advanced, 3D CNNs have emerged as a powerful tool for segmenting and classifying COVID-19 in medical images. These networks have demonstrated both high accuracy and rapid detection capabilities, making them crucial for effective COVID-19 diagnostics.

Comparative proteomic analysis of astrocytoma tissues from patients with and without seizures.

Astrocytoma is a common type of glioma and a frequent cause of brain tumour-related epilepsy. Although the link between glioma and epilepsy is well established, the precise mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis in astrocytoma remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed proteomic analysis of astrocytoma tissue from patients with and without seizures using mass spectrometry-based techniques.

Prediction of ADMET profile and anti-inflammatory potential of chamuangone.

Chamuangone, a compound extracted from the leaves of Garcinia cowa, exhibits various biological activities. Yet, its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profile as well as anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages remain unexplored. In this study, we employed a computational tool to predict the ADMET profile of chamuangone and performed molecular docking simulations to assess its interactions with key proteins involved in inflammatory pathways.

Functional genomic insights into Floricoccus penangensis ML061-4 isolated from leaf surface of Assam tea.

Floricoccus penangensis ML061-4 was originally isolated from the leaf surface of an Assam tea plant (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) from Northern Thailand. To assess the functions encoded by the F.

Simple dysmood disorder, a mild subtype of major depression, is not an inflammatory condition: Depletion of the compensatory immunoregulatory system.

Background: A recent study conducted by the laboratory of the first author revealed that major depression is composed of two distinct subtypes: major dysmood disorder (MDMD) and simple dysmood disorder (SDMD). The latter is a less severe phenotype with fewer aberrant biological pathways. MDMD, but not SDMD, patients were identified to have highly sensitized cytokine/growth factor networks using stimulated whole blood cultures.

The Role of Sex and Gender in Acute Kidney Injury - Consensus Statements from the 33 Acute Disease Quality Initiative.

Sex differences exist in acute kidney injury (AKI), and the role that sex and gender play along the AKI care continuum remains unclear. The 33 Acute Disease Quality Initiative meeting evaluated available data on the role of sex and gender in AKI and identified knowledge gaps. Data from experimental models, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical care, gender, social determinants of health, education, and advocacy were reviewed.

Rice husk biowaste derived microcrystalline cellulose reinforced sustainable green composites: A comprehensive characterization for lightweight applications.

This study addresses the issue of waste generation within the food industry, focusing on the conversion of rice husk waste into value-added products. The investigation involves a comprehensive characterization of microcrystalline cellulose extracted from the rice husk and reinforcing them in bio-epoxy resin to determine its feasibility in producing ecofriendly products. The dried rice husk waste was made to undergo a series of treatments, including alkali, acid hydrolysis, and bleaching for extracting high purity microcrystalline cellulose.

Exploring biomass derived microcrystalline cellulose from the waste aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes: A comprehensive characterization for polymer composite reinforcement.

The creation of polymer composites with better performance is a crucial thing. The cellulosic filler material gain popularity in polymer composites. In this study, aquatic plant Pistia stratiote leaves were used as a raw material for cellulose extraction.

In vitro comparison of cerumenolytic efficacy: 2.5 % sodium bicarbonate versus 0.5 % sodium docusate based on cerumen weight gain.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the cerumenolytic efficacy of 2.5 % sodium bicarbonate prepared in-house with that of commercially available 0.5 % sodium docusate, utilizing cerumen weight gain and disintegration degree as metrics.

Atypical memory B cells from natural malaria infection produced broadly neutralizing antibodies against Plasmodium vivax variants.

Expansion of atypical memory B cells (aMBCs) was demonstrated in malaria-exposed individuals. To date, the generation of P. vivax-specific aMBCs and their function in protective humoral immune responses is unknown.

Leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses in the vicious circle of neglect.

The global priorities in the field of infectious diseases are constantly changing. While emerging viral infections have regularly dominated public health attention, which has only intensified after the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous bacterial diseases have previously caused, and continue to cause, significant morbidity and mortality-deserving equal attention. Three potentially life-threatening endemic bacterial diseases (leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses) are a huge public health concern especially in low- and middle-income countries.

A systematic review suggests extension and redefinition of a food-deception pollination syndrome involving anautogenous flies.

Background And Aims: The currently recognized diversity of pollination strategies requires pollination syndromes to be updated. Described a decade ago, kleptomyiophily is a deceptive pollination system in which plants exploit the nutrient-seeking behavior of females of kleptoparasitic flies (Chloropidae and Milichiidae) by olfactorily mimicking their insect host. Such a pollination system was already hypothesized for pollination by biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) but has never been formalized.

Explainable Deep Learning for Glaucomatous Visual Field Prediction: Artifact Correction Enhances Transformer Models.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning approach that restores artifact-laden optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans and predicts functional loss on the 24-2 Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) test.

Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study used 1674 visual field (VF)-OCT pairs from 951 eyes for training and 429 pairs from 345 eyes for testing. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness map artifacts were corrected using a generative diffusion model.

Risk factors of posthemorrhagic seizure in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Seizure is a relatively common neurological consequence after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH). This study aimed to investigate risk factors of early, late, and overall seizures in patients with SICH. Retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with SICH who completed two years of follow-up.

Factors Associated With the Accuracy of Large Language Models in Basic Medical Science Examinations: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has become widely applied across many fields, including medical education. Content validation and its answers are based on training datasets and the optimization of each model. The accuracy of large language model (LLMs) in basic medical examinations and factors related to their accuracy have also been explored.

The benefit of additional embolization after perioperative balloon occlusion of pelvic artery during cesarean hysterectomy in placenta accreta spectrum.

Background: Cesarean hysterectomy in the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) remains challenging due to difficulty in controlling perioperative bleeding.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of perioperative balloon occlusion with versus without pelvic artery embolization in PAS women who underwent a cesarean hysterectomy.

Material And Methods: A total of 26 pathological confirmed cases of PAS were retrospectively reviewed and categorized into two groups: perioperative balloon occlusion at either the anterior division of the internal iliac artery or uterine artery followed by gelfoam embolization (n = 12, study group) and perioperative balloon occlusion alone (n = 14, control group).

Multicenter Analysis of Acute Retinal Necrosis: Clinical Characteristics, Viral Pathogens, and Diagnostic Predictive Factors.

Purpose: This multicenter study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and factors associated with specific viral pathogens in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study included ARN patients who underwent aqueous or vitreous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with viral pathogens.

The use of endoscopic ultrasound in tandem with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the 2019 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline for patients at high risk of choledocholithiasis can help to avoid diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in individuals without ascending cholangitis.

Objectives: Choledocholithiasis is the leading cause of biliary pancreatitis and biliary sepsis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is considered a minimally invasive treatment for choledocholithiasis. However, diagnostic ERCP should be avoided.

Relation of Transversus Abdominis to Rectus Abdominis Muscle in Various Anatomical Landmark Levels: A Cadaveric Study.

 Posterior Component Separation (PCS) is a surgical technique used in abdominal wall reconstruction. Understanding the relationship between the rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis muscles and the location of intercostal nerves is crucial for minimizing nerve injury during PCS. This cadaveric study aimed to investigate these anatomical relationships and propose practical guidelines for safer PCS procedures.

Brain mapping for lower-grade glioma around Wernicke's area.

Surgery of lesions around Wernicke's area is challenging for several reasons. The anatomical boundaries are not clearly defined, necessitating functional identification in addition to anatomical landmarks. There are potential complications secondary to injury of the surrounding structures.

Improving the aqueous solubility and antibacterial activity of triclosan using re-dispersible emulsion powder stabilized with gold nanoparticles.

Triclosan (TCS) is used as an antibacterial agent in various products. One of the major issues associated with TCS is its limited solubility in aqueous media, which can reduce its effectiveness against bacteria. In this study, we enhanced the aqueous solubility and antibacterial activity of TCS by using a re-dispersible emulsion powder stabilized with gold nanoparticles (GNPs).

Application of molecular approach in combination with providing treatment and control measures for combating and infections in small scale livestock farms in Thailand.

Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease that is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasite in the genus of infections affect cattle health, reduce milk and meat production and lead to economic losses in tropical and subtropical countries. parasites are difficult to diagnose in the early stage of infections during low parasitemia and asymptomatic conditions led to the lack of treatment and control at the early stage of infection. This study aimed to integrate a molecular tool for the detection and genetic characterization of in small-scale livestock farming in Thailand, and to study the risk factors association with infections in small scale livestock farms in Thailand.

Determinants of hypertension-related knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among caregivers in Neno, rural Malawi: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Hypertension, a significant health concern, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Caregivers play a crucial role in ensuring optimal care for hypertensive patients and reducing associated complications. Caregivers' basic knowledge, good attitude, and relevant practices are necessary to ensure high-quality care for patients with hypertension.

Comparison of external calibration and isotope dilution methods for iodine determination in foods by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

This study sought to validate the external calibration curve (CAL) method for iodine analysis in 26 selected foods and then to compare the test result with the isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). Iodine was extracted by tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and determined by ICP-MS using CAL and IDMS methods. The results showed that iodine determination using the IDMS method had higher precision than the CAL method (LOD of the method were 0.

Higher compliance with the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol improves postoperative recovery and 6-month mortality in upper gastrointestinal surgery.

Introduction: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol has been proven to accelerate recovery without increasing morbidity, but few data are available from developing countries. We aimed to demonstrate the correlation between compliance with the ERAS protocol and short-term outcomes in upper gastrointestinal (UGI) surgery.

Materials And Methods: Patients that underwent esophageal and gastric surgeries during March 2019 to June 2021 were prospectively enrolled in this nonrandomized cohort study.