Morphological and histochemical characteristics of the foregut, midgut, and hindgut, and their alterations during ovarian development in female freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

The anatomical, histological, and histochemical characteristics of the foregut (FG), midgut (MG), and hindgut (HG), as well as their alterations during the ovarian cycle in female prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, were investigated. The esophagus (ESO), cardia (CD), and pylorus (PY) are the main components of the FG. An epithelium (Ep) with thick cuticle (Cu) layers lining the ESO, and the ESO is encircled by the ESO glands.

Quantitative investigation of a 3D bubble trapper in a high shear stress microfluidic chip using computational fluid dynamics and L*A*B* color space.

Microfluidic chips often face challenges related to the formation and accumulation of air bubbles, which can hinder their performance. This study investigated a bubble trapping mechanism integrated into microfluidic chip to address this issue. Microfluidic chip design includes a high shear stress section of fluid flow that can generate up to 2.

H3K9 post-translational modifications regulate epiblast/primitive endoderm specification in rabbit blastocysts.

Post-translational modifications of histone H3 on lysine 9, specifically acetylation (H3K9ac) and tri-methylation (H3K9me3), play a critical role in regulating chromatin accessibility. However, the role of these modifications in lineage segregation in the mammalian blastocyst remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that di- and tri-methylation marks, H3K9me2 and H3K9me3, decrease during cavitation and expansion of the rabbit blastocyst.

Overexpression of multiple cytochrome P450 genes with and without knockdown resistance mutations confers high resistance to deltamethrin in Culex quinquefasciatus.

Background: The cytochrome P450s-mediated metabolic resistance and the target site insensitivity caused by the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene were the main mechanisms conferring resistance to deltamethrin in Culex quinquefasciatus from Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of cytochrome P450 genes and detect mutations of the vgsc gene in deltamethrin-resistant Cx. quinquefasciatus populations in Thailand.

Advocacy in Action: International Patient Group Improves Hereditary Angioedema Diagnosis and Care Across the Asia-Pacific.

This study demonstrates that patient advocacy groups significantly enhance medication availability and improve diagnosis of hereditary angioedema (HAE), particularly in emerging economies within the Asia-Pacific region. This study supports integrating patient advocacy group involvement into management guidelines, emphasising their role in improving access to diagnostics and treatment for HAE.

Artificial Intelligence for Cervical Spine Fracture Detection: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Performance and Clinical Potential.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) models have recently emerged as tools to improve fracture detection, mainly through imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and radiographs. This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic performance of AI and DL models in detecting cervical spine fractures and assesses their potential role in clinical practice.

Informal care for people with dementia in Europe.

Introduction: Informal care estimates for use in health-economic models are lacking. We aimed to estimate the association between informal care time and dementia symptoms across Europe.

Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on 13,529 observations in 5,369 persons from 9 European pooled cohort or trial studies in community-dwelling persons with dementia.

Effects of relative microplastic-biochar sizes and biofilm formation on fragmental microplastic retention in biochar filters.

Microplastics (MPs) pose significant risks to aquatic life and human health. Conventional water treatment is ineffective in removing MPs, demanding alternative technologies. Biochar exhibits a potential for removing MPs through adsorption and filtration.

A large geno-spatial cluster of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis outbreak in a western district of Thailand.

The growing issue of drug resistance, particularly multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), has exacerbated this problem. The rise of drug resistance TB is a severe global health concern. In Thailand, a persistent community outbreak of primary MDR-TB has been confirmed in the Tha Maka district of Kanchanaburi province, with an increasing prevalence of MDR-TB among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis cases.

Incentives for smoking cessation.

Background: Financial incentives (money, vouchers, or self-deposits) can be used to positively reinforce smoking cessation. They may be used as one-off rewards, or in various schedules to reward steps towards sustained smoking abstinence (known as contingency management). They have been used in workplaces, clinics, hospitals, and community settings, and to target particular populations.

Development of a duplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification together with lateral flow dipstick assay for the detection and discrimination of parasitic infections in chickens between cestodes belonging to genus Raillietina and trematodes in family Echinostomatidae.

Most poultry farming that has been conducted by smallholders in Thailand are free-range and housing systems, which have risks of parasitic infection from the environment, particularly from tapeworms in the genus Raillietina and trematodes in the family Echinostomatidae. These have become important health problems in the poultry industry, causing low feed conversion ratios and leading to the loss of economic value. Our objective was to develop and validate a molecular technique based on duplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) together with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay for discriminating the infections between the genus Raillietina (R.

Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group expert consensus statement on the peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer.

The peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in earlier stage disease has seen significant advances in recent years with the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy. However, many unanswered questions and challenges remain, including the application of clinical trial data to routine clinical practice. Recognising the unique demographic profile of Asian patients with NSCLC and heterogeneous healthcare systems, the Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group (ATORG) convened a consensus meeting in Singapore on 26 April 2024 to discuss relevant issues spanning diagnostic testing to post-neoadjuvant treatment considerations and future directions.

Home oxygen therapy for Thai preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. What are the predictive factors for successful weaning: a 20-year review.

Background: Consequences of lung injury and inflammation in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) contribute to prolonged oxygen requirements. Home oxygen therapy (HOT) is an alternative way of respiratory support in infant with BPD. However, there is no consensus on weaning guidelines.

Prediction of physiological status, community participation, and daily activity function to sleep quality for outpatient dynapenic older people.

Background: The global aging population has increased dynapenia prevalence, leading to mobility issues and poor sleep quality among older adults. Despite its impact, research on sleep quality in dynapenic outpatients is limited. This study investigates how physiological status, community participation, and daily activity function influence sleep quality in this group.

Comparative study of conventional and process intensification by reactive distillation designs for glycerol carbonate production from glycerol and diethyl carbonate.

Glycerol carbonate (GC) can be produced from glycerol (GL), a low-value byproduct in the biodiesel industry. In this work, continuous processes of GC production via transesterification from crude GL and diethyl carbonate (DEC) were developed using Aspen Plus. Two cases were considered, and their process performances were compared.

Durvalumab with or without bevacizumab with transarterial chemoembolisation in hepatocellular carcinoma (EMERALD-1): a multiregional, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.

Background: Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is standard of care for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma that is amenable to embolisation; however, median progression-free survival is still approximately 7 months. We aimed to assess whether adding durvalumab, with or without bevacizumab, might improve progression-free survival.

Methods: In this multiregional, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study (EMERALD-1), adults aged 18 years or older with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma amenable to embolisation, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 at enrolment, and at least one measurable intrahepatic lesion per modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) were enrolled at 157 medical sites including research centres and general and specialist hospitals in 18 countries.

Body image research among sexual minority men in the Mekong region: A scoping review.

Body image among sexual minority men (SMM) has received increasing attention. However, the current literature has primarily focused on white SMM and body image and physical appearance concerns among SMM. In response to a call for more nuance in understanding how SMM perceive and make sense of their body image in a broader sociocultural context, we conducted a scoping review to examine the extent and nature of body image research among SMM in the Mekong region.

Vernonolide A, a Sesquiterpene Lactone with a Unique Carbon Skeleton from .

A novel sesquiterpene lactone derivative, vernonolide A (), featuring an unprecedented carbon skeleton, along with its plausible biosynthetic precursor, vercinolide I (), and eight known sesquiterpene lactones (-) were isolated and characterized from the whole plants of (L.). The structures of and were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis and calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra.

Synthetic rational design of live-attenuated Zika viruses based on a computational model.

Many viruses of the Flaviviridae family, including the Zika virus (ZIKV), are human pathogens of significant public health concerns. Despite extensive research, there are currently no approved vaccines available for ZIKV and specifically no live-attenuated Zika vaccine. In this current study, we suggest a novel computational algorithm for generating live-attenuated vaccines via the introduction of silent mutation into regions that undergo selection for strong or weak local RNA folding or into regions that exhibit medium levels of sequence conservation.

A Challenging Case of IgG4-Related Kidney Disease Accompanied With Positive Serologic Tests of Lupus Erythematosus.

The case report presents a male patient in his mid-60s with a history of hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic kidney disease (CKD). He presented with gradually increasing serum creatinine levels and hyperglobulinemia, leading to suspicion of multiple myeloma. However, subsequent testing revealed features consistent with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD).

Mental health professionals' perspectives and suggestions on religious and superstitious activities engagement of patients with serious mental illness: A national survey in Thailand.

Background: Patients with serious mental illness (SMI) often engage in religious and superstitious activities. The implications of such engagements remain unclear, with no established guidelines for mental health professionals.

Aims: This study aimed to survey perspectives and gather suggestions from various disciplines within mental healthcare regarding the engagement in religious/superstitious activities of SMI patients: schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder.