Rethinking brachial plexus birth palsy: Beyond physician blame.

Brachial plexus birth palsy, a devastating injury affecting newborns, has long been a source of contention and misunderstanding. This article aims to dispel the myth that healthcare providers are solely responsible for these injuries, presenting evidence that highlights the complex interplay of maternal, fetal, and biological factors in their causation. By shifting the narrative away from blame and towards a more comprehensive understanding, we can foster a more supportive and informed approach to childbirth.

Fetal hematological phenotypes of various hemoglobinopathies and demonstration of embryonic hemoglobins on capillary electrophoresis: a large cohort data from prenatal screening program.

Objectives: This study reported a large cohort of fetal blood analysis of various hemoglobinopathies.

Methods: A total of 371 fetal blood specimens were recruited. Complete blood count and hemoglobin (Hb) analysis using capillary electrophoresis were performed.

Advancement of Heart Transplantation in Thai Recipients: Survival Trends and Pharmacogenetic Insights.

Since 1987, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) has performed a substantial number of heart transplants as a specific therapy for advanced-stage heart failure. This descriptive study aimed to analyze post-transplant survival in the recent era compared to earlier periods and examine the pharmacogenetics of related immunosuppressants. Data from all recipients who underwent heart transplants from 1987 to 2021 were retrospectively retrieved from the electronic medical record.

Efficacy of plant extracts against the immature stage of house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).

This research aimed to find indigenous plants and suitable solvents to extract substances with the capacity to suppress the immature stages of house fly populations in animal farms and urban areas. Seven native Thai plants were tested: Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.

Effect of Allium sativum, Thunbergia laurifolia, and Eurycoma longifolia crude extracts on the minute intestinal fluke, Haplorchis taichui.

Haplorchis taichui is the minute intestinal fluke (MIF), presents a significant public health concern in Thailand. Despite praziquantel (PZQ) being the main treatment, concerns over recurrent use and drug resistance have surfaced. Thus, local herbal alternatives effective against gastrointestinal parasites could be crucial for reducing issues, necessitating exploration of herbal sources for alternative treatments.

Blood meal analysis: unveiling the feeding preferences of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in a dengue-endemic area.

Studies have suggested animals as possible reservoir hosts for flaviviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes; however, there is limited evidence for the dengue virus in Malaysia. One of the possible ways to determine the zoonotic potential for any pathogen transmission is through blood meal analysis which can provide valuable insights into the feeding preferences of the mosquitoes. Unfortunately, limited information is available on the feeding preferences of Aedes mosquitoes in Malaysia.

Cryptic genetic diversity and molecular detection of Trypanosoma theileri complex in the deer fly Chrysops dispar Fabricius from Thailand.

The deer fly (Diptera, Tabanidae), Chrysops dispar Fabricius is a common and widespread pest and vector species transmitting pathogens to animals including economically significant livestock. However, there is only limited information on genetic diversity, which crucial for understanding disease epidemiology. In this study, we examined genetic diversity of C.

Anthelmintic activity and pathophysiological effect of Allium sativum crude extract against carcinogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini.

Opisthorchis viverrini poses a substantial risk for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in Thailand. Despite praziquantel (PZQ) remains the primary treatment for opisthorchiasis, its association with adverse effects and potential CCA development during prolonged treatment, particularly in cases of reinfection and chronic infection, underscores the imperative for alternative herbal interventions with anthelmintic potential. In this context, a prior study suggested the inhibitory effects of Allium sativum L.

Experiences, perceptions and ethical considerations of the malaria infection study in Thailand.

Background: Thailand has made significant progress in malaria control efforts in the past decade, with a decline in the number of reported cases. However, due to cross-border movements over the past 5 years, reported malaria cases in Thailand have risen. The Malaria Infection Study in Thailand (MIST) involves deliberate infection of healthy volunteers with Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites, and the assessment of the efficacy of potential vaccine and drug candidates in order to understand acquired protection against malaria parasites.

Impacted lower third molar classification and difficulty index assessment: comparisons among dental students, general practitioners and deep learning model assistance.

Background: Assessing the difficulty of impacted lower third molar (ILTM) surgical extraction is crucial for predicting postoperative complications and estimating procedure duration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a convolutional neural network (CNN) in determining the angulation, position, classification and difficulty index (DI) of ILTM. Additionally, we compared these parameters and the time required for interpretation among deep learning (DL) models, sixth-year dental students (DSs), and general dental practitioners (GPs) with and without CNN assistance.

Impact of vancomycin area under the curve in early or later phase on efficacy and nephrotoxicity in patients with enterococcal bloodstream infections: a multicenter study.

Background: The optimal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters of vancomycin that can improve outcomes in enterococcal infections remain controversial. To clarify the therapeutic target for this antibiotic, this study aimed to determine vancomycin PK/PD parameters associated with efficacy in the early (during 72 h) or later (after 72 h) phase of treatment and nephrotoxicity in enterococcal bloodstream infection patients.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study reviewed medical records of patients with enterococcal bloodstream infections treated with intravenous vancomycin infusion for at least 72 h between January 2016 and March 2024 at Phramongkutklao Hospital or Nopparatrajathanee Hospital in Bangkok, and Rachaburi Hospital in Rachaburi Province, Thailand.

Early antibiotics administration reduces mortality in sepsis patients in tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: Early antibiotic administration is one of the core treatments of sepsis which associated with reduced mortality rate. However, the appropriate timing of antibiotics remains a controversial issue, especially in patients without septic shock. Here, we reported the outcomes of early antibiotic administration within one hour from the time of infection suspicion in a tertiary care hospital.

Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Neuroinflammation: Updates on Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.

Neuroinflammation has been acknowledged as being one of the main pathologies that occur following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Since it significantly contributes to neuronal cell damage and thereby leads to cognitive impairment, the signals related to inflammation in hypoperfusion injury have been extensively investigated over the past few years. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the key receptor responsible for immune and inflammatory reactions.

Predisposing Factors of Progression from Refractory Status Epilepticus to Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus in ICU-Admitted Patients: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study in a Resource-Limited Setting.

Background: Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is an extremely serious neurological emergency. Risk factors and mechanisms involved in transition from refractory status epilepticus (RSE) to SRSE are insufficiently studied.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients diagnosed and treated for RSE at two reference hospital over 5 years in Ecuador.

Isolation of PCSK9-specific nanobodies from synthetic libraries using a combined protein selection strategy.

Nanobodies (Nbs) hold great potential to replace conventional antibodies in various biomedical applications. However, conventional methods for their discovery can be time-consuming and expensive. We have developed a reliable protein selection strategy that combines magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS)-based screening of yeast surface display (YSD) libraries and functional ligand-binding identification by Tat-based recognition of associating proteins (FLI-TRAP) to isolate antigen-specific Nbs from synthetic libraries.

Pilot-scale phosphorus recovery from mobile toilet wastewater in Bangkok, Thailand.

The objective of this study is to enhance the capacity of struvite-phosphate forming reactor utilized in the production of phosphorus fertilizer from wastewater collected from mobile toilets, characterized by phosphorus (P) concentrations of 5.0 ± 1.1 g/l.

Resilience-building in palliative care professionals: scoping review.

Unlabelled: Resilience-building in palliative care professionals: scoping review BACKGROUND: Burnout, demoralisation and compassion fatigue are common among palliative care professionals. Practising palliative care necessitates a quality of resilience in order to ensure constant and optimal patient care. However, there is no universal approach to prevent burnout or raise resilience among palliative care professionals.

Molecular dynamics simulation revealing the interactions between toxic aldehydes and starch: A case study of malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in starch-based food during frying.

Toxic compounds in fried food products attract increasing attention, but studies regarding the levels of common toxins, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (4-HHE), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), in fried starch-based food (FSBF) are scarce. Herein, we investigated the formation and distributions of these aldehydes in FSBF, and the frying oil and FSBF retained higher levels of low-molecular-weight aldehydes. The highest aldehyde concentrations were observed in French fries.

A comprehensive review of the impact of anthocyanins from purple/black Rice on starch and protein digestibility, gut microbiota modulation, and their applications in food products.

This review explores the impact of anthocyanins derived from purple and black rice on starch and protein digestibility, gut microbiota modulation, and their applications in food production. Anthocyanins are shown to reduce starch digestibility by forming complexes with starch, thereby inhibiting key digestive enzymes. Additionally, they can influence protein digestion by inducing structural changes that enhance resistance to digestive processes.

The tidal trap - Seasonal transport of floating macrodebris in the bi-directional Chao Phraya River network on the Gulf of Thailand.

Models estimate up to 3 million metric tons of river plastic waste flowing into the world's ocean every year. All ocean-bound rivers endure tidal impact to some degree, but there is a lack of data on the resulting marine emission effects. To address this gap we analyzed the trajectories of grapefruit-sized floating GPS drifters (n = 63) in the Chao Phraya estuary in Bangkok, Thailand, in the three seasons of 2022-2023.

Comparison of Five Pathological Tumor Regression Grading Systems for Rectal Cancer Following Chemoradiation: Correlation Coefficient and Intra-Rater Reliability.

Objective: To determine the correlation among five different types of tumor regression grading (TRG) systems. Test-retest reliability analyses were conducted at two time points to assess the internal validity and consistency of these five TRG systems.

Methods: A test-retest study was performed in 34 pathologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma specimens.

The feasibility of using photovoice as a loneliness intervention with older Myanmar migrants.

Loneliness has detrimental physical and mental health outcomes. To date, there are few studies on loneliness interventions in lower-resource settings. Based on participatory action research methods that are theoretically informed by the social relationship expectations framework, we developed a loneliness intervention called amanane using the photovoice method with older Myanmar migrants in northern Thailand.