Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Thalassemia is a hereditary disease with impaired red blood cell production, resulting in cumulative systemic iron burden. The life-long therapeutic blood transfusion with or without iron chelators in those patients leads to the development of early-onset neurocognitive decline. However, the effects of regularity of blood transfusion on the severity of iron burden, cognitive decline, and gut dysbiosis in thalassemia patients are still unclear.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is the latest guideline-directed medical therapy for patients with heart failure, as it has demonstrated favorable cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients with or without diabetes. Furthermore, SGLT2i has effectively improved cognitive function in older adults with diabetes and HF. However, the effects of SGLT2i on cognitive function and brain mitochondrial function in rats with ischemic HF have never been investigated.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Excessive high-fat diet (HFD) consumption develops the obese pre-diabetic condition, which initiates neuroinflammation and numerous brain pathologies, resulting in cognitive decline (1). A cinnamamide derivative compound (2i-10) is recently identified as a novel myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) inhibitor, and has been shown to attenuate inflammation via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway (2). However, the effects of 2i-10 on the neuroinflammation, brain pathologies and cognitive function in the obese pre-diabetic rats have never been studied.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Episodic memory change is among the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles in limbic regions serves as a key indicator of the initial tau abnormality. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between episodic memory change and quantitative tau deposition specifically in Braak stage 3-4 Limbic regions among participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting language abilities, with clinical variants (nonfluent/agrammatic variant [nfvPPA], semantic variant [svPPA], logopenic variant [lvPPA], and mixed-PPA [mPPA]) categorized based on linguistic features. This study aims to compare PPA cohorts of native speakers of two different languages: English (an analytic language with deep orthography) and Italian (a synthetic language with shallow orthography).

Methods: We considered 166 English participants (70 nfvPPA, 45 svPPA, 42 lvPPA, 9 mPPA) and 106 Italian participants (14 nfvPPA, 20 svPPA, 42 lvPPA, 31 mPPA).

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: In Alzheimer's disease research, subjective report of cognitive and functional decline from participant-study partner (SP) dyads is an efficient method of assessing cognitive impairment and risk of clinical progression. The extent to which discordance (disagreement) between self- and SP-report is associated with diagnosis of cognitive impairment is not known.

Method: We tested the hypothesis that discordance between baseline self- and SP-report Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog) scores was associated with greater probability of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) profoundly impact individuals with dementia and their caregivers. Despite existing pharmacological interventions, symptom control remains challenging, often prompting polypharmacy with potential risks. Notably, in clinical practice, caregivers frequently report recurring patterns in patients' BPSD but lack empirical studies supporting these observations.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The Everyday Cognition questionnaire is a sensitive tool for measuring decline in activities of daily living and can differentiate dementia from normal cognition. There is limited data on comparing the ECog-12 performance by raters (self vs. informant/study-partner) and scoring systems (continuous average score vs.

Effect of Particulate Matter 2.5 on Primary Gingival Keratinocyte and Human Gingival Fibroblast Cell Lines.

Objective:  Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), an important air pollution particle, has been previously studied for its effects on various normal and cancer tissues.

Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Gaps in Different Angulations of 3D-Printed versus Milled Hybrid Ceramic Crown.

Objectives:  This article compared the accuracy, reproducibility, and gap of crowns resulting from variations in print angulation of three-dimensional (3D)-printed VarseoSmile Crown (VS) and milled resin-ceramic hybrid materials (Cerasmart 270, CS, and Enamic, E).

Materials And Methods:  A total of 60 specimens, consisting of VS printed at four different angulations (30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees), along with CS and E were investigated. External and internal accuracy and reproducibility were measured with the 3D deviation analysis.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is one of common causes of rapidly progressive dementia worldwide. However, because of the variety of its clinical presentations that mimic other cognitive disorders, the certain diagnosis in public hospitals is still limited. Therefore, this study provides more information about disease manifestations and clinical courses of probable sCJD cases in Thailand.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

sp. nov., a new anamorphic tremellomycetous yeast species isolated from a mangrove forest in Thailand.

Six strains (DMKU-SG26, DMKU-SG42, DMKU-SYM22, DMKU-RG41, DMKU-RX317 and DMKU-RGM25) representing a novel basidiomycetous yeast species were isolated from leaf surfaces of mangrove plants collected in Thailand. Pairwise sequence analysis indicated that the six strains either had identical nucleotide substitution in the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene sequences or differed by one to three nucleotide(s). They also had identical or differed by one to five nucleotide substitution(s) in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions.

sp. nov., isolated from duckweed and formal proposal to reclassify as a later heterotypic synonym of and reclassify as subsp. .

A novel strain DW16-2, isolated from duckweed (), was taxonomically studied in detail. The analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain was most closely related to Y8 (98.8%), followed by YIM 61452 (98.

Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Human ovarian tissue xenotransplantation: advancements, challenges, and future perspectives.

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation has emerged as a promising fertility preservation technique for individuals facing premature ovarian insufficiency due to various medical conditions or treatments. Xenotransplantation, involving the transplantation of ovarian tissue into animal hosts, has played a pivotal role in refining ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation techniques and addressing key challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of ovarian tissue xenotransplantation research, focusing on its applications in investigating ovarian biology, optimizing ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation protocols, and assessing safety concerns.

Quality assessment and sexual health information analysis of mobile dating applications for men who have sex with men: A comprehensive evaluation using the User Version of the Mobile App Rating Scale.

Objective: Numerous mobile apps designed for men who have sex with men (MSM) are launched in recent years, potentially serving as crucial platforms for disseminating sexual health information and promoting healthy sexual behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of dating apps for MSM on the apps market and analyze the sexual health information they provide.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in major apps platforms in China (including Apple, OPPO, Huawei, and Tencent) to identify current MSM dating apps.

Enhancement of recycled aggregate concrete properties through the incorporation of nanosilica and natural fibers.

This study introduces an innovative approach to enhancing recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) by incorporating nanosilica (NS) and natural fibers (NF), specifically sisal fiber (SF) and palm fiber (PF). This novel combination aims to overcome the inherent limitations of RAC, such as reduced strength and durability, while promoting sustainability in construction. The research focuses on evaluating the mechanical properties of RAC, including compressive and flexural strengths, through the integration of NS and NF.

Validation of the Thai translation of the attitudes toward euthanasia scale.

In Thailand, euthanasia has been a controversial topic for several decades. The assessment of attitudes toward euthanasia among medical students who will become future medical practitioners is essential for the progression of future legislation and practice. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Attitude Towards Euthanasia scale in the Thai context and measure its validity and reliability.

Development of Antibacterial Hydrogels Based on Biopolymer Aloe Vera/Gelatin/Sodium Alginate Composited With SM-AgNPs Loaded Curcumin-Nanoliposomes.

To address the rising prevalence of bacterial infections and the need for innovative therapeutic solutions, this study has developed a novel antibacterial hydrogel composite composed of Aloe vera, gelatin, sodium alginate, and Sterculia monosperma-silver nanoparticles (SM-AgNPs) loaded curcumin-nanoliposomes (NLPs). The aloe vera/gelatin/sodium alginate hydrogels (AGS) are prepared using different weight ratios of Aloe vera, gelatin, and sodium alginate, aiming to optimize mechanical properties and biocompatibility for biomedical applications. The incorporation of SM-AgNPs and curcumin-loaded NLPs enhanced the hydrogels' antibacterial properties.

Dengue's climate conundrum: how vegetation and temperature shape mosquito populations and disease outbreaks.

Introduction: Dengue, a prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease in tropical regions, is influenced by environmental factors such as rainfall, temperature, and urbanization. This study aims to assess the effects of microclimate, vegetation, and Aedes species distribution on dengue transmission in distinct hotspot and non-hotspot locations.

Methods: This cohort study was conducted in two sites within Selangor, Malaysia: a recurrent dengue hotspot and a non-dengue hotspot.

The impact of same-day and rapid ART initiation under the Universal Health Coverage programme on HIV outcomes in Thailand: a retrospective real-life cohort study.

Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, regardless of CD4 count, has been recommended in Thailand since 2014, with same-day initiation recommended since 2021. We assessed HIV treatment outcomes among Thai people living with HIV (PLHIV) by the time from HIV diagnosis to ART initiation under the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) programme and identified factors associated with virological failure (VF).

Methods: PLHIV aged ≥15 years initiating ART between 2014 and 2022 were included from the UHC database.

Iron induces blood-brain barrier alteration contributing to cognitive impairment in β-thalassaemia mice.

Iron overload has been associated with cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment in β-thalassaemia patients, typically appearing earlier than in the general population. However, the mechanisms of iron overload on cerebrovascular pathology remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of heavy iron overload on the blood-brain barrier and neurohistology, particularly in the CA3 region of hippocampus and its contribution to cognitive impairment in β-thalassaemia mice.

The D126G mutation contributes to the early-onset X-linked juvenile retinoschisis.

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is an inherited retinal disease caused by mutations in the RS1 gene, resulting in splitting of the retinal layers and visual disturbances. To provide insights on this disease in our cohort, genetic examination, clinical presentation, and functional analysis were performed. We observed three main RS1 mutations in our cohort of six unrelated patients: RS1-D126G, RS1-R209H, and RS1-R213W.