Atypical memory B cells from natural malaria infection produced broadly neutralizing antibodies against Plasmodium vivax variants.

Expansion of atypical memory B cells (aMBCs) was demonstrated in malaria-exposed individuals. To date, the generation of P. vivax-specific aMBCs and their function in protective humoral immune responses is unknown.

Leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses in the vicious circle of neglect.

The global priorities in the field of infectious diseases are constantly changing. While emerging viral infections have regularly dominated public health attention, which has only intensified after the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous bacterial diseases have previously caused, and continue to cause, significant morbidity and mortality-deserving equal attention. Three potentially life-threatening endemic bacterial diseases (leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses) are a huge public health concern especially in low- and middle-income countries.

A systematic review suggests extension and redefinition of a food-deception pollination syndrome involving anautogenous flies.

Background And Aims: The currently recognized diversity of pollination strategies requires pollination syndromes to be updated. Described a decade ago, kleptomyiophily is a deceptive pollination system in which plants exploit the nutrient-seeking behavior of females of kleptoparasitic flies (Chloropidae and Milichiidae) by olfactorily mimicking their insect host. Such a pollination system was already hypothesized for pollination by biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) but has never been formalized.

Explainable Deep Learning for Glaucomatous Visual Field Prediction: Artifact Correction Enhances Transformer Models.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning approach that restores artifact-laden optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans and predicts functional loss on the 24-2 Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) test.

Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study used 1674 visual field (VF)-OCT pairs from 951 eyes for training and 429 pairs from 345 eyes for testing. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness map artifacts were corrected using a generative diffusion model.

Risk factors of posthemorrhagic seizure in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Seizure is a relatively common neurological consequence after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH). This study aimed to investigate risk factors of early, late, and overall seizures in patients with SICH. Retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with SICH who completed two years of follow-up.

Factors Associated With the Accuracy of Large Language Models in Basic Medical Science Examinations: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has become widely applied across many fields, including medical education. Content validation and its answers are based on training datasets and the optimization of each model. The accuracy of large language model (LLMs) in basic medical examinations and factors related to their accuracy have also been explored.

The benefit of additional embolization after perioperative balloon occlusion of pelvic artery during cesarean hysterectomy in placenta accreta spectrum.

Background: Cesarean hysterectomy in the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) remains challenging due to difficulty in controlling perioperative bleeding.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of perioperative balloon occlusion with versus without pelvic artery embolization in PAS women who underwent a cesarean hysterectomy.

Material And Methods: A total of 26 pathological confirmed cases of PAS were retrospectively reviewed and categorized into two groups: perioperative balloon occlusion at either the anterior division of the internal iliac artery or uterine artery followed by gelfoam embolization (n = 12, study group) and perioperative balloon occlusion alone (n = 14, control group).

Multicenter Analysis of Acute Retinal Necrosis: Clinical Characteristics, Viral Pathogens, and Diagnostic Predictive Factors.

Purpose: This multicenter study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and factors associated with specific viral pathogens in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study included ARN patients who underwent aqueous or vitreous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with viral pathogens.

The use of endoscopic ultrasound in tandem with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the 2019 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline for patients at high risk of choledocholithiasis can help to avoid diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in individuals without ascending cholangitis.

Objectives: Choledocholithiasis is the leading cause of biliary pancreatitis and biliary sepsis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is considered a minimally invasive treatment for choledocholithiasis. However, diagnostic ERCP should be avoided.

Relation of Transversus Abdominis to Rectus Abdominis Muscle in Various Anatomical Landmark Levels: A Cadaveric Study.

 Posterior Component Separation (PCS) is a surgical technique used in abdominal wall reconstruction. Understanding the relationship between the rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis muscles and the location of intercostal nerves is crucial for minimizing nerve injury during PCS. This cadaveric study aimed to investigate these anatomical relationships and propose practical guidelines for safer PCS procedures.

Brain mapping for lower-grade glioma around Wernicke's area.

Surgery of lesions around Wernicke's area is challenging for several reasons. The anatomical boundaries are not clearly defined, necessitating functional identification in addition to anatomical landmarks. There are potential complications secondary to injury of the surrounding structures.

Improving the aqueous solubility and antibacterial activity of triclosan using re-dispersible emulsion powder stabilized with gold nanoparticles.

Triclosan (TCS) is used as an antibacterial agent in various products. One of the major issues associated with TCS is its limited solubility in aqueous media, which can reduce its effectiveness against bacteria. In this study, we enhanced the aqueous solubility and antibacterial activity of TCS by using a re-dispersible emulsion powder stabilized with gold nanoparticles (GNPs).

Application of molecular approach in combination with providing treatment and control measures for combating and infections in small scale livestock farms in Thailand.

Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease that is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasite in the genus of infections affect cattle health, reduce milk and meat production and lead to economic losses in tropical and subtropical countries. parasites are difficult to diagnose in the early stage of infections during low parasitemia and asymptomatic conditions led to the lack of treatment and control at the early stage of infection. This study aimed to integrate a molecular tool for the detection and genetic characterization of in small-scale livestock farming in Thailand, and to study the risk factors association with infections in small scale livestock farms in Thailand.

Determinants of hypertension-related knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among caregivers in Neno, rural Malawi: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Hypertension, a significant health concern, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Caregivers play a crucial role in ensuring optimal care for hypertensive patients and reducing associated complications. Caregivers' basic knowledge, good attitude, and relevant practices are necessary to ensure high-quality care for patients with hypertension.

Comparison of external calibration and isotope dilution methods for iodine determination in foods by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

This study sought to validate the external calibration curve (CAL) method for iodine analysis in 26 selected foods and then to compare the test result with the isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). Iodine was extracted by tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and determined by ICP-MS using CAL and IDMS methods. The results showed that iodine determination using the IDMS method had higher precision than the CAL method (LOD of the method were 0.

Higher compliance with the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol improves postoperative recovery and 6-month mortality in upper gastrointestinal surgery.

Introduction: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol has been proven to accelerate recovery without increasing morbidity, but few data are available from developing countries. We aimed to demonstrate the correlation between compliance with the ERAS protocol and short-term outcomes in upper gastrointestinal (UGI) surgery.

Materials And Methods: Patients that underwent esophageal and gastric surgeries during March 2019 to June 2021 were prospectively enrolled in this nonrandomized cohort study.

RNAscope Multiplex FISH Signal Assessment in FFPE and Fresh Frozen Tissues: The Effect of Archival Duration on RNA Expression.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET), which is the most widely used pathology archive, usually has low-quality DNA and RNA due to extensive nucleic acid crosslinking. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) has been increasingly utilized in research and clinical settings to diagnose disease pathology. In this study, the effect of RNA degradation over archival time on RNA-FISH signals in FFPET and fresh frozen tissue (FFT) was systematically assessed.

A Y-shaped sphenoidal sinus septum: a case report.

The sphenoidal sinus septum is one of the most important landmarks during endonasal endoscopic transsphe-noidal operations. During routine coronal sectioning of the face, we found a variant Y-shaped septum in the sphenoidal sinus of a female cadaver. This unusual septum was found between two sections (anterior and posterior sections) and located inferior to the pituitary gland.

Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Barriers of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Among Healthcare Professionals in Timor-Leste: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

The Timor-Leste Pharmacovigilance (PV) became an associate member of the WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring in 2019; however, the adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting rate remains low, with only nine reports per 1342 million inhabitants over 5 years. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers related to ADRs, pharmacovigilance, and ADR reporting among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Timor-Leste. A cross-sectional survey with a validated, self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 600 HCPs, including clinical doctors, nurses, and pharmacy employees from one national referral and five referral hospitals.

Ester-Bearing Calix[]phenoxazines: Side Chain Enhanced Recognition and Redox-Responsive Reversible Host-Guest System.

We report an enhanced recognition and redox-responsive reversible host-guest system based on ester-bearing calix[]phenoxazines. The carbonyl groups, oriented toward the cavity, act as the extra binding sites to enhance the binding affinity, which is confirmed by NMR and FTIR experiments and single-crystal structure analysis. Due to the oxidizable nature of calix[]phenoxazine, a redox-controlled reversible response is established.

Effects of computer-assisted learning for removable partial denture design on learning outcomes and satisfaction.

Background: Computer-assisted learning (CAL) has the potential to enhance learning outcomes and satisfaction. However, there are limited reports in the literature that describe or evaluate the implementation of this method to promote competency-based learning in removable partial denture (RPD) design. Therefore, this study aimed to: (1) compare the effectiveness of different learning methods using a 3D software-aided RPD design program, (2) evaluate the learning outcomes associated with these different methods following active learning, and (3) assess students' satisfaction.

Unravelling genomic drivers of speciation in Musa through genome assemblies of wild banana ancestors.

Hybridization between wild Musa species and subspecies from Southeast Asia is at the origin of cultivated bananas. The genomes of these cultivars are complex mosaics involving nine genetic groups, including two previously unknown contributors. This study provides continuous genome assemblies for six wild genetic groups, one of which represents one of the unknown ancestor, identified as M.

Model of advanced recording system for application in heat-assisted magnetic recording.

Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) technology is considered a solution to overcome the limitations of perpendicular magnetic recording and enable higher storage densities. To improve and understand the performance of magnetic writers in HAMR technology, it is crucial to possess a comprehensive understanding of both the magnetic field generated during the writing process and the thermal effects induced by the laser. In this work, we have developed a micromagnetic HAMR model with atomistic parameterization.

Sex-specific effects of prenatal bisphenol A exposure on transcriptome-interactome profiles of autism candidate genes in neural stem cells from offspring hippocampus.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigates the effects of prenatal BPA exposure on neural stem cells (NSCs) from the hippocampi of rat offspring, a brain region critical for neurodevelopment and implicated in ASD. Pregnant rats were administered with BPA or vehicle control once daily via oral gavage from gestational day 1 until parturition.