Reinfection and resistance associated substitutions following a minimal monitoring approach for HCV treatment in MINMON trial.

Background: Simplified approaches to HCV treatment delivery are needed to meet elimination goals. However, the impact of low-touch strategies on individuals at higher risk due to treatment failure or reinfection is unknown. We estimated HCV reinfection rates, and the impact of resistance associated substitutions (RASs) on response in the ACTG A5360 (MINMON) trial.

Urine-Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in people living with HIV: a prospective, multicentre, diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: Diagnostic delays for tuberculosis are common, with high resultant mortality. Urine-Xpert Ultra (Cepheid) could improve time to diagnosis of tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance. We previously reported on lot-to-lot variation of the Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM.

SARS-CoV-2 cross-sectional serosurvey across three HIV-1 therapeutic clinical trials in Africa.

Objective: Data on the impact of COVID-19 in people living with HIV (PWH) are lacking in resource-constrained settings. We utilised existingrandomised clinical trials (RCTs) on antiretroviral therapies (ART) in HIV-1 infection to conduct a SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey, between January and March 2021, while characterising participants' features.

Design: Cross-sectional serosurvey.

Respiratory sequelae after COVID-19 infection in Thai healthy children.

Background And Aims: The long-term respiratory sequelae of COVID-19 infection in children remain poorly understood and may differ across countries. This study aims to investigate the respiratory sequelae, including residual respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in Thai children. The secondary aim is to identify factors associated with the respiratory sequelae.

The population pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir co-administered with rifampicin in Thai people living with HIV: Assessment of alternative dosing regimens.

Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection in individuals with HIV, and rifampicin is crucial in the treatment of tuberculosis. Drug-drug interactions complicate the use of DTG in HIV/TB co-infection, which makes drug administration more difficult. This study aimed to develop the population pharmacokinetic model of DTG when co-administered with rifampicin.

Transition to dolutegravir-based ART in 35 low- and middle-income countries: a global survey of HIV care clinics.

Objective: We studied the transition to dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) at HIV treatment clinics within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA).

Design: Site-level survey conducted in 2020-2021 among HIV clinics in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: We assessed the status of dolutegravir rollout and viral load and drug resistance testing practices for persons on ART switching to dolutegravir-based regimens.

The Risk of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Elderly People Living with HIV during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Malnutrition is a risk factor of sarcopenia in the elderly. During the COVID-19 pandemic, limited transportation and supply chain disruptions restricted access to nutritious foods. We assessed the nutritional status and sarcopenia risk in older people living with HIV (PLWH) on combination antiretroviral therapy in Thailand.

Post-Diagnosis HCV RNA Testing Rates Prior to HCV Treatment Among People Living With HIV With HCV Antibody Positivity in the Asia-Pacific Region.

HCV RNA test determines current active infection and is a requirement prior to initiating HCV treatment. We investigated trends and factors associated with post-diagnosis HCV RNA testing rates prior to HCV treatment, and risk factors for first positive HCV RNA among people living with HIV (PLHIV) with HCV in the Asia-Pacific region. PLHIV with positive HCV antibody and in follow-up after 2010 were included.

Effects of Semaglutide on Muscle Structure and Function in the SLIM LIVER Study.

Background: Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, is highly effective for decreasing weight. Concomitant loss of muscle mass often accompanies weight loss and may have consequences on muscle function.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis from the SLIM LIVER (ACTG A5371) study, a single-arm study of semaglutide in people with HIV (PWH) with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disorder (MASLD).

A prospective evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care VISITECT CD4 Advanced Disease test in seven countries.

Background: CD4 measurement is pivotal in the management of advanced HIV disease. VISITECT® CD4 Advanced Disease (AccuBio Limited, Alva, UK; VISITECT) is an instrument-free, point-of-care, semi-quantitative test allowing visual identification of a CD4 ≤200 cells/µl, or >200 cells/µl from finger-prick or venous blood.

Methods: As part of a diagnostic accuracy study of FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM (clinicaltrials.

Pharmacokinetics of Generic Pediatric Dolutegravir Dispersible Tablet in Thai Young Children Living With HIV Weighing Below Twenty Kilograms.

Introduction: Dolutegravir (DTG) dispersible tablet (DTG-DT) is a pediatric-friendly formulation. We aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics and virologic responses of generic DTG-DT in children weighing <20 kg.

Methods: Children living with HIV-1 and <7 years of age weighing 6 to <20 kg were eligible.

Risk factors for toxoplasmosis in people living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific region.

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii can cause symptomatic toxoplasmosis in immunodeficient hosts, including in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), mainly because of the reactivation of latent infection. We assessed the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and its associated risk factors in PLWH in the Asia-Pacific region using data from the TREAT Asia Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Observational Database (TAHOD) of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Asia-Pacific.

Methods: This study included both retrospective and prospective cases of toxoplasmosis reported between 1997 and 2020.

Prospective multicentre accuracy evaluation of the FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in people living with HIV demonstrates lot-to-lot variability.

There is an urgent need for rapid, non-sputum point-of-care diagnostics to detect tuberculosis. This prospective trial in seven high tuberculosis burden countries evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care urine-based lipoarabinomannan assay FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM (FujiLAM) among inpatients and outpatients living with HIV. Diagnostic performance of FujiLAM was assessed against a mycobacterial reference standard (sputum culture, blood culture, and Xpert Ultra from urine and sputum at enrollment, and additional sputum culture ≤7 days from enrollment), an extended mycobacterial reference standard (eMRS), and a composite reference standard including clinical evaluation.

Associations between antiretroviral regimen and changes in blood pressure: results from the D2EFT study.

In this randomised, controlled study in 14 low- and middle-income countries, individuals taking dolutegravir with darunavir/ritonavir for 48 weeks had a greater increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure than individuals taking two nucleoside reverse transcriptase with darunavir/ritonavir. The difference remained significant after controlling for confounding factors including weight gain.

Framingham risk score based vascular outcomes in acute versus chronic HIV cohorts after 6 years of ART.

Introduction: Immune dysregulation persists in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may lead to accelerated vascular ageing and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While delayed time to initiation of ART has been linked to worse cardiovascular outcomes, the effect of ART initiation during acute infection on these outcomes is not well understood.

Methods: Participants were enrolled from the SEARCH010/RV254 acute HIV (AHI) and HIV-NAT chronic HIV (CHI) cohorts in Thailand.

Predictors of HIV rebound differ by timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation.

BACKGROUNDIdentifying factors that predict the timing of HIV rebound after treatment interruption will be crucial for designing and evaluating interventions for HIV remission.METHODSWe performed a broad evaluation of viral and immune factors that predict viral rebound (AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5345). Participants initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) during chronic (N = 33) or early (N = 12) HIV infection with ≥ 2 years of suppressive ART and restarted ART if they had 2 viral loads ≥ 1,000 copies/mL after treatment interruption.

Phase II prefusion non-stabilised Covid-19 mRNA vaccine randomised study.

ChulaCov19 mRNA vaccine demonstrated promising phase 1 results. Healthy adults aged 18-59 years were double-blind randomised 4:1 to receive two intramuscular doses of ChulaCov19 50 µg or placebo. Primary endpoints were safety and microneutralization antibody against-wild-type (Micro-VNT50) at day 50.

Treatment Outcomes After Switching to Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy: Results From the Thai National Treatment Program.

This study aimed to assess second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes in a National HIV Treatment program. People living with HIV aged ≥18 years initiating first-line ART who switched to second-line protease inhibitor-based regimens from January 2008 to May 2019, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were studied. The primary outcome was second-line treatment failure (two consecutive virological failure episodes (viral load ≥1000 copies/mL)).