Estimation and comparison of salivary flow rate and its composition in diabetic patients and nondiabetic patients: A pilot study.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia irregularities in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and protein. It is often associated with the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications and neuropathies. The health of oral tissues is known to be related to the quality and quantity of saliva both of which may be altered in diabetes.

Effect of piper extract mouthwash as postprocedural rinse on levels of in periodontitis patients.

Background: Dental biofilm plays a crucial role in periodontal disease development. Mouth rinse is used to enhance oral hygiene after scaling and root planning (SRP). The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effectiveness of a piper extract mouthwash against Chlorhexidine (CHX) in periodontitis patients.

Malondialdehyde, an Oxidative Stress Marker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To qualitative and quantitatively review published literature assessing the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methodology: Pubmed (MeSH), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Willey Online Library, Cochrane, and Cross Reference were searched for studies assessing MDA levels in OSCC samples.

Results: From the 1008 articles identified, 849 were excluded based on title and abstract screening due to duplication and irrelevance to the topic of interest.

Active Bacteria in Carious Dentin of Mandibular Molars with Different Pulp Conditions: An In Vivo Study.

Introduction: This study evaluated the relative abundance and ribosomal activity of selected bacteria in carious dentin of teeth with different pulp conditions.

Methods: Thirty healthy patients with class I occlusal caries in molars were categorized into 3 groups based on the pulp diagnosis: normal pulp (NP, n = 10) with caries extending less than half the thickness of dentin (as assessed radiographically), reversible pulpitis (n = 10), and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (n = 10) with caries extending more than two thirds of the thickness of dentin. Carious dentin samples were collected from the deepest part of the cavity and stored in RNAlater solution (Ambion Inc, Austin, TX).

The Knowledge and Awareness of Medical Emergencies and Management among Dental Students.

Background: Every dentist should anticipate being confronted with a medical emergency (ME), and one should always be ready to treat the most catastrophic ones.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of dental clinical students of Tamil Nadu in the ME understanding and management to create awareness toward patient care.

Methodology: A total of 768 dental students, including final-year students and residents from different colleges, took part in the questionnaire-based cross-sectional study.

Assessment of Salivary Cortisol Concentrations as a Level of Stress Indicator among Individuals Undergoing Dental Extraction Procedure.

Background: Anxious patients tend to exaggerate the aversive events before the actual dental therapy. The anxiety and fear are the major factors that regulate cortisol levels.

Aim: Our study aims to estimate the salivary cortisol among patients subjected to dental extraction and correlate any existence between pre- and post-extraction cortisol levels and vital parameters compared to the control group.

Evaluation of Relationship between Quality and Performance Measures Concepts of Pediatric Oral Health: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: The dental quality alliance of the American Dental Association developed quality and performance measure concepts (QMCs) for pediatric dentistry to identify variations in care and to improve quality of care.

Objectives: This study evaluated the relationship between the proposed QMCs and oral health, measured as caries status.

Methodology: Parents/guardians of new patients presenting to the Nationwide Children's Hospital Dental Clinic for a nonurgent hygiene appointment were asked to complete a 10-question survey that reflected the QMCs.

A Meta-Analysis in Assessing Oxidative Stress Using Malondialdehyde in Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress (OS) marker Malondialdehyde (MDA) in oral submucous fibrosis with available literature.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a literature search electronically in PubMed (MeSH), Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords.

Results: A systematic search in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar identified 334 articles.

Evidence revealing the role of T cell regulators (Tregs) in periodontal diseases: A review.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium, which is a reflection of the overgrowth of oral commensals. This alteration in the oral microbiota initiates inflammation of the gingiva, which when left untreated, terminates with the resorption of the alveolar bone that may lead to a poor and hopeless prognosis. With upcoming trends in modulating the host's immunity, the role of regulatory T-cells has gained importance.

Coronavirus disease 2019 and its vaccines: An update.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus. Most of the people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild-to-moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people and those with underlying medical problems are more likely to develop serious illness.

Verrucous Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa in Female: A Rare Case Report of Traumatic Tooth Origin.

Verrucous carcinoma or Ackermann's tumor is considered a low-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma frequently presenting at the oral mucosa and skin. Oral verrucous carcinoma clinically presents as a proliferative or cauliflower-like lesion or as ulceroproliferative lesion on the buccal mucosa followed by other sites such as the gingiva, tongue, and hard palate. Tobacco in both smoking and smokeless form, alcohol, and opportunist viral infections are the most associated etiologies in most of the reported literature cases.

Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma of Upper Lip in a Female Child.

Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a benign tumor classified under fibro-osseous lesions characterized by the proliferation of fibrous tissue associated with the presence of osteoid or cementicle-like masses. COF of bony origin is highly neoplastic in nature compared to their soft tissue counterparts which are relatively rare. The authors here present a case report of COF arising from the left upper lip in a 10-year-old female patient.

Diagnosis of Vertical Root Fractures by Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Root-filled Teeth with Confirmation by Direct Visualization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The purpose of this review was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging in detecting vertical root fractures (VRFs) in root-filled teeth compared with a reference standard (direct visualization).

Methods: Electronic searches were performed in Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and gray literature for English language articles until June 2020. Prospective and retrospective clinical studies using CBCT imaging to diagnose VRFs in root-filled teeth were included.

Rare histologic presentation of pleomorphic adenoma: A diagnostic dilemma.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumor deriving its name from varied morphological patterns in histopathology. The presence of chondromyxoid stroma in histopathology is characteristic of pleomorphic adenoma. Cellular variants without characteristic chondromyxoid stroma are rare and often pose a diagnostic challenge.

Correlation of Mast Cell and Angiogenesis in Oral Lichen Planus, Dysplasia (Leukoplakia), and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare and correlate mast cell density (MCD) and microvessel density (MVD) between normal oral mucosa, oral lichen planus, various grades of dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: The study comprised a total of 75 samples, of which 65 were archival tissue blocks of histopathologically confirmed cases, which included 10 cases of oral lichen planus, 25 cases of dysplasia (mild [n=10], moderate [n=10], and severe [n=5]), and 30 cases of OSCC (well differentiated [n=10], moderately differentiated [n=10], and poorly differentiated [n=10]), and 10 samples of normal oral mucosa. All the sections were immunohistochemically stained with anti-CD34 and counterstained with toluidine blue stain.

Impact of root canal treatment on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in systemically healthy adults with apical periodontitis - a preliminary prospective, longitudinal interventional study.

Aim: To assess the influence of root canal treatment on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in systemically healthy human adults.

Methodology: Fifteen individuals aged 20-40 years diagnosed with apical periodontitis [Periapical Index (PAI) score ≥3] who were otherwise healthy took part in this prospective interventional study. Patients with moderate to severe periodontitis, systemic diseases and traditional cardiac risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and smoking) were excluded.

A novel soft tissue cone-beam computed tomography study in the evaluation of gingival thickness associated with subepithelial connective tissue graft versus acellular dermal matrix in the management of gingival recession: A clinical study.

Background: Dental esthetic awareness among patients led the clinicians to introduce newer materials and predictable techniques that satisfy the patients' esthetic demands.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of subepithelial connective tissue graft (SECTG) and acellular dermal matrix (ACDM) allograft in the treatment of Millers Class I or Class II recession with the determination of gingival thickness using an impertinent method, soft tissue cone-beam computed tomography (ST-CBCT).

Materials And Methods: A split-mouth study with a total of ten patients with bilateral Millers class I or class II recession is randomly assigned by a coin toss method as Group I (SECTG) and Group II (ACDM) along with coronally advanced flap.

Impact of dental operating microscope, selective dentin removal and cone beam computed tomography on detection of second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary molars: A clinical study.

Introduction: Maxillary molars may frequently require root canal therapy and can have complex anatomy. It is important to locate and treat the second mesiobuccal canal to significantly improve prognosis.

Aim Of The Study: The purpose of this study was to evaluate direct vision, dental operating microscope (DOM), selective dentin removal under DOM, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in clinical detection of second mesiobuccal root canal (MB2) in maxillary molars.

Acceptability of silver diamine fluoride as interim measure towards untreated dental caries and its impact on ohrqol among children with HIV: Pilot study.

Background: Children with HIV are a special group with limited access to care and high prevalence of dental caries. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is approved universally for the management of asymptomatic carious lesions but research on the psychological impact of black staining is scarce.

Aims: Effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application as an interim caries management on the child's oral health-related quality of life of children with HIV over a period of 4 months until definitive care was provided.

Effect of two desensitizing agents on dentin hypersensitivity: A randomized split-mouth clinical trial.

Background: Clinical research is important to evaluate the effect of desensitizing agents.

Aims: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the immediate and 1 week desensitizing effect of two desensitizing agents Uno Topical Gel and Profluorid.

Materials And Methods: Thirtyfive patients with teeth presenting with dentin hypersensitivity were included in this clinical trial.

Cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics as screening tools for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of cheiloscopy (the study of lip prints) and dermatoglyphics (the study of fingerprints) in screening diabetic patients.

Materials And Methods: The study sample comprised 100 individuals in the age group of 17-60 years, of which fifty were diabetics and fifty controls who reported to the Department of Oral Medicine, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital. Lip prints were collected and categorized based on the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system.

In Vivo Strain Alterations in Mandibular Molars after Root Canal Treatment Procedures.

Introduction: The aim of this investigation was to determine the coronal strain variations in mandibular molars under an in vivo bite load after root canal treatment procedures.

Methods: The coronal strain in carious mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (experimental group) was compared with that of intact contralateral teeth (control group) in patients 20-40 years old. Experiments were conducted in 2 stages.

Tightening torque of implant abutment using hand drivers against torque wrench and its effect on the internal surface of implant.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the torque rendered by a handheld driver and a torque wrench and thereby evaluate its effect on the internal threads of implant.

Setting And Design: An comparison of implant abutment torque using a digital torque gauge.

Materials And Methods: Thirty participants were randomly selected and were asked to torque two samples of mounted abutment analogs, one using a handheld driver and other with a torque wrench.

Coronal Bacterial Penetration after 7 days in class II endodontic access cavities restored with two temporary restorations: A Randomised Clinical Trial.

The aim of this in vivo randomised clinical trial was to assess coronal bacterial penetration after placement of Cavit G and IRM temporary restorations in Class II endodontic access cavities. After completion of endodontic treatment, placement of an orifice seal and disinfection of the operating field, sterile cotton pellets were placed in the pulp chamber and the cavities were restored with Cavit G or IRM. After 7 days, coronal and proximal restoration thickness was measured by digital radiographs.

Evidence linking the role of periodontal viruses in coronary artery disease with and without periodontitis.

Background: Viruses are considered to be a newer family associated with inflammatory diseases. Yet the role of periodontal viruses in coronary artery diseases (CAD) remains unclear. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the prevalence of periodontal viruses and compare the same in cardiac samples of CAD patients with and without periodontitis.