Association of pentraxin in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease.

Objectives: Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a biomarker, associated with the pathogenesis of Periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD) individually, but their role in patients with both diseases remains unclear. The current study aims to evaluate the association of PTX in patients with concomitant periodontitis and CAD.

Materials And Methods: In a case-control study, 240 participants were selected and divided into four groups.

Anticancer Potential of the Principal Constituent of Piper nigrum, Piperine: A Comprehensive Review.

Black pepper's main component, piperine, is a phytochemical that gives the spice its distinctively pungent flavor, which has made it a staple in human diets for decades and a widely used food item. In addition to its use as a culinary component and preservation agent, it is also employed in traditional medicine for a diverse range of objectives, a practice that has been substantiated by existing scientific investigations on its physiological impacts in the majority of instances. Piperine contains various bioactive effects, such as antibacterial activity, in addition to several physiological benefits that could help overall human health, such as immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimetastatic, anticancer, and many more properties that have been established.

Comparison of the effectiveness of red ginseng herbal mouth rinse with chlorhexidine and saline in oral cancer patients: A pilot double-blinded randomized control trial.

Background: Red ginseng is an herb with many medicinal properties and aids as a mouth rinse with fewer side effects than chlorhexidine.

Aim: The study aimed to compare the efficacy of red ginseng herbal mouth rinses with those of chlorhexidine and saline in oral cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: The present pilot study was a double-blinded randomized control trial with 45 histopathologically diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma patients divided into three groups: two intervention groups (herbal and chlorhexidine mouth rinse) and one control group (saline).

Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the Occurrence of Vertical Root Fracture: A Case Control Study.

Introduction: The aim of this case-control study was to examine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the occurrence of VRFs. The crack extension, dentin sclerosis, and chemical characteristics of root dentin in teeth with VRF from patients with/without DM were also compared.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-two patients diagnosed with VRF in crowned root filled posterior teeth were selected.

Perspective of Artificial Intelligence in Disease Diagnosis: A Review of Current and Future Endeavours in the Medical Field.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant promise for the present and future diagnosis of diseases. At the moment, AI-powered diagnostic technologies can help physicians decipher medical pictures like X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography scans, resulting in quicker and more precise diagnoses. In order to make a prospective diagnosis, AI algorithms may also examine patient information, symptoms, and medical background.

Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Systemic Inflammatory Markers, Glycemic Status and Levels of Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients With Chronic Periodontitis.

Aims And Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on systemic inflammatory markers, glycemic status, and levels of proteinuria in Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals with chronic periodontitis.

Methodology: A total of 120 patients, categorized into three groups of 40 each, were included in this randomized observational study. Group 1 comprised patients with chronic periodontitis; Group 2 had chronic periodontitis with controlled diabetes; and Group 3 represented patients with chronic periodontitis with uncontrolled diabetes based on fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

Hemangioma of Tongue With Multiple Phleboliths Involving Multiple Spaces of the Right Side of the Head and Neck Region: A Case Report Along With the Importance of Specialized Imaging.

Hemangioma is one of the most common tumors of dilated blood vessels, which is usually present at birth and involutes over time. Although considered the most common tumor in the head and neck region, the oral cavity is less commonly affected. The occurrence of hemangioma in the tongue is very rare (14%).

A novel two-staged single-visit treatment of a maxillary central incisor with complicated crown-root fracture with additional horizontal mid-root fracture - A case report with a 5-year follow-up.

A concomitant complicated crown-root fracture (CCRF) and horizontal root fracture (HRF) is rarely reported in literature. This report proposes a two-staged single-visit treatment to salvage maxillary central incisor with coexisting CCRF and HRF. A female patient with CCRF with additional HRF (AHRF) of maxillary left central incisor was successfully managed with a novel two-staged treatment strategy.

Physicochemical Characterization of Novel Biomaterial Consisting of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate, Chitosan, Casein and Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Ormocarpum Cochinchinense.

Background: Bioceramics are widely used as a biomaterial to promote bone regeneration. Bone defect management requires the placement of bone grafts. Though there are many bone grafts available, these have certain limitations like limited supply and second surgical site morbidity.

Insight Into the Laboratory Diagnosis of Periimplantitis Using Reactive Oxygen Metabolite Levels - A Biochemical Study.

Aim The study aims to substantiate the quantitative role of the predominant periodontopathogen () associated with peri-implantitis and evaluate the reactive oxygen metabolite levels in peri-implantitis patients. Methodology A total of 40 participants were taken from the department of periodontology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, and divided into groups I (control) and II (test). Group I included 20 participants with healthy peri-implant tissue, and group II included 20 participants with infected peri-implant tissues.

Influence of home bleaching regimen on microhardness and flexural strength of two contemporary composite resins - an in vitro evaluation.

Purpose: This study was to compare and evaluate the effect of home bleaching on the microhardness and flexural strength of microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins.

Materials And Methods: The study samples were prepared using a custom-made silicon rubber mold. For microhardness evaluation, 40 disc-shaped specimens (4mm*2mm) were prepared and divided into 4 groups: GROUP A (n=10): microhybrid (GC Solaire X, GC Corporation) control group, GROUP B (n=10) nanohybrid (Tetric N Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) control group, GROUP C (n=10): microhybrid bleaching group, GROUP D (n=10) nanohybrid bleaching group.

Review of the Role of Nanotechnology in Overcoming the Challenges Faced in Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.

Throughout the world, oral cancer is a common and aggressive malignancy with a high risk of morbidity, mortality, and recurrence. The importance of early detection in cancer prevention and disease treatment cannot be overstated. Conventional therapeutic strategies have minor difficulties but considerable side effects and unfavourable consequences in clinical applications.

Evidence linking the association of periodontal viruses and pentraxins in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: Although there is ample evidence in the literature supporting a significant positive association between key periodontal pathogens and established inflammatory markers of periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD), their exact role remain unclear. Especially, the role of viruses in the etiology and specific biomarkers have not been validated. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the role of periodontal viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), as well as the inflammatory marker pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and to analyze their association with CAD.

Association of salivary levels of DNA sensing inflammasomes AIM2, IFI16, and cytokine IL18 with periodontitis and diabetes.

Background: Aberrant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contributes to inflammasome orchestrated progression of chronic inflammatory diseases like diabetes and periodontitis. The purpose of the present study was to estimate salivary levels of DNA sensing inflammasomes, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), interferon γ inducible protein (IFI16), and cytokine interleukin 18 (IL18) in individuals with periodontitis, diabetes, and healthy controls and interpret its association with periodontal and diabetic parameters.

Methods: Salivary levels of AIM2, IFI16, and IL18 were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a total of 120 individuals (n = 30 in each group), namely, healthy (Group 1), periodontitis (Group 2), diabetes (Group 3), and diabetes with periodontitis (Group 4).

Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Periodontal Health Status in Down Syndrome Patients: A Comparative Study.

Introduction Periodontal diseases, caused by gram-negative bacteria, often begin as gingivitis and can progress to periodontitis, characterized by inflammation extending to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) commonly exhibit poorer oral hygiene and a higher prevalence of severe chronic periodontitis. This study aimed to identify unregulated risk factors in DS that contribute to increased periodontal breakdown.

Review Insights on Salivary Proteomics Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Detection and Diagnosis.

Early detection is crucial for the treatment and prognosis of oral cancer, a potentially lethal condition. Tumor markers are abnormal biological byproducts produced by malignant cells that may be found and analyzed in a variety of bodily fluids, including saliva. Early detection and appropriate treatment can increase cure rates to 80-90% and considerably improve quality of life by reducing the need for costly, incapacitating medicines.

Effect of Frequency of Micro-osteoperforation on Miniscrew- supported Canine Retraction: A Single-centered, Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim: The present study aimed at evaluating the increase in the rate of tooth movement by increasing the number and frequency of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs).

Materials And Methods: The study was a single-center, split-mouth, randomized controlled trial. A total of 20 patients were included in the study who had fully erupted maxillary canines with class I molar canine relationship and a bimaxillary protrusion that required the removal of both maxillary and mandibular first premolars.

Assessment of glutathione peroxidase enzyme response and total antioxidant status in oral cancer - Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Oxidative stress induced by free radical accumulation contributes to many pathologies, including cancer. Antioxidant defense system fails to scavenge free radicals when it is excessively accumulated. Assessing individual antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity could direct the customized therapeutic strategies.

Consanguineous marriage as a key indicator of isolated congenital dental anomaly among South Indian population - A cross-sectional study.

Background: Orofacial anomalies occur due to incomplete fusion of developmental lines in the head and neck region. Dental anomalies regarded as the most common orofacial anomalies either in isolated or syndromic forms arise due to genetic and environmental factors. Among genetic influences, consanguineous marriages are considered as a significant predisposition factor in the transmission of congenital defects and several autosomal recessive diseases from one generation to other with an increased risk of detrimental effects on offspring.

Assessment of the anti-oxidant reduced glutathione in oral squamous cell carcinoma - Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The excess reactive oxygen species or free radicals reaction leads to oxidative injury to the biological components such as cells and tissues, which would result in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. The magnitude of oxidative damage depends primarily on the balance between free radicals (pro-oxidants) and antioxidant system activity.

Aim: To assess antioxidant status by evaluating the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in various biological samples of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using available literature.

Immunohistochemical expression of survivin in oral epithelial dysplasia and different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins family, is not detectable in most differentiated normal adult tissues but is expressed in a wide range of cancer tissues. Survivin expression in cancer has been associated with poor prognosis, cancer progression, and drug resistance, and the expression levels correlate with more aggressive disease and a poor clinical outcome.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the immunoexpression of survivin in the normal oral epithelium (NOE), oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), and different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Salivary and serum acetaldehyde levels in betel quid chewers, pan masala chewers with or without tobacco and tobacco smokers: A comparative study using head space gas chromatography.

Background: Acetaldehyde, a natural by-product of combustion and photo-oxidation, has been detected at low levels in cigarette smoke. Various literature studies have shown increased salivary acetaldehyde production among smokers and heavy drinkers.

Aim: The present investigation was performed to estimate the salivary and serum acetaldehyde levels in pan masala chewers (with or without tobacco), betel quid chewers and tobacco smokers.

Efficacy of Fluoride Varnish with Casein Phosphopeptide and Amorphous Calcium Phosphate vs Fluoride Varnish in Prevention of White Spots Lesion in fixed Orthodontic Patients: Study.

Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the efficiency of Michigan (MI) varnish containing casein phosphopeptide (CPP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and Fluoritop containing sodium fluoride (5% NaF) in the prevention and remineralization of white spot lesions (WSLs) around orthodontic brackets at days 28 and 56 after bonding.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 patients were selected and divided into two groups I (MI varnish) II (Fluoritop varnish) of 15 patients in each group. All the patients were bonded and then varnish was applied around the brackets.

Significance of Oral Manifestations in the Diagnosis of Severe Phenytoin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Rare Case.

Phenytoin is a commonly used anticonvulsant drug for the prophylaxis of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures, and neurosurgery-related seizure prevention. Phenytoin-induced thrombocytopenia is a rare but life-threatening condition. Close monitoring of blood counts may be necessary for patients receiving phenytoin, as delay in diagnosis or withdrawal of the drug can be life-threatening.