osteomyelitis in a dog.

Canine systemic protothecosis is an uncommon disease caused by spp., which are saprophytic algae occurring ubiquitously in nature. Infection occurs most commonly in immunocompromised animals.

An expanded substrate scope for cross-chiral ligation enables efficient synthesis of long l-RNAs.

Despite the growing interest in mirror-image l-oligonucleotides, both as a robust nucleic acid analogue and as an artificial genetic polymer, their broader adoption in biochemical research and medicine remains hindered by challenges associated with the synthesis of long sequences, especially for l-RNA. Herein, we present a novel strategy for assembling long l-RNAs the joining of two or more shorter fragments using cross-chiral ligase ribozymes together with new substrate activation chemistry. We show that 5'-monophosphorylated l-RNA, which is readily prepared by solid-phase synthesis, can be activated by chemical attachment of a 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or diphosphate (ADP), yielding 5'-adenosyl(di- or tri-)phosphate l-RNA.

Benign disorders of the mediastinum: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: There are several benign processes that affect the mediastinum with considerable morbidity that may range from reactive entities to neoplastic disorders. This review article will focus on non-neoplastic benign mediastinal diseases which include large vessel vasculitis such as Takayasu and giant cell arteritis, mediastinal granulomas, fibrosing mediastinitis and mediastinal infections. These diseases can cause significant morbidity and mortality; therefore, we aim to familiarize readers with the pathophysiology, epidemiology and diagnosis of these mediastinal diseases and provide an update on the treatment options available.

Endovascular interventions in cancer patients with compromise of the mediastinal vasculature: a review.

The mediastinal vasculature can be affected by various etiologies in cancer patients. Both direct and indirect sequela of cancer may result in life-threatening clinical presentations. Tumor growth may cause vessel narrowing and decreased blood flow from either extrinsic mass effect, invasion into the vascular wall, or tumor thrombus within the lumen.

The Effect of Prolonged Antenatal Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Preventing Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease-A Case Series with Literature Review.

 Gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD) is characterized by maternal IgG-directed fetal hepatocyte damage and can lead to severe liver failure and fetal or infant death. Moreover, GALD is associated with a near 90% risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.  We present a case of a newborn patient delivered to a 32-year-old G2P1000 mother who received prolonged antenatal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment during the current pregnancy due to the neonatal death of the first child from GALD-related liver failure.

National Beef Quality Audit-2022: Harvest-floor assessments of hide defects, carcass defects, and offal condemnations that affect value of carcasses and by-products from market cows and bulls.

The National Beef Quality Audit ()-2022 serves as a benchmark of the current market cow and bull sectors of the U.S. beef industry and allows comparison to previous audits as a method of monitoring industry progress.

Medical students' perceptions of mentorship in cardiothoracic surgery: A Thoracic Surgery Medical Student Association Nationwide Survey.

Objective: The study objective was to explore medical students' perceptions of mentorship in cardiothoracic surgery in the United States.

Methods: A voluntary, anonymous electronic survey was distributed to medical students through the Thoracic Surgery Medical Student Association. The survey included 28 questions across 4 domains: demographic information, current mentorship status, goals and qualities sought in mentorship, and self-reported barriers to mentorship.

Predicting operative mortality in patients who undergo elective open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Background: We have developed a model aimed at identifying preoperative predictors of operative mortality in patients who undergo elective, open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. We converted this model into an intuitive nomogram to aid preoperative counseling.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 2884 elective, open TAAA repairs performed between 1986 and 2023 in a single practice.

Intraoperative cardiac arrest in patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery.

Objective: To describe intraoperative cardiac arrest in patients undergoing congenital heart surgery.

Methods: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database was queried. Predictors of intraoperative cardiac arrest were assessed using univariate and multivariable analyses.

Growth of Clathrate Hydrates in Nanoscale Ice Films Observed Using Electron Diffraction and Infrared Spectroscopy.

Clathrate hydrates (CHs) are believed to exist in cold regions of space, such as comets and icy moons. While spectroscopic studies have explored their formation under similar laboratory conditions, direct structural characterization using diffraction techniques has remained elusive. We present the first electron diffraction study of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,3-dioxolane (DIOX) CHs in the form of nanometer-thin ice films under an ultrahigh vacuum at cryogenic temperatures.

The Role of Perceived Neighborhood Factors and the Built Environment on Depression and Stress Among Latinas on US-Mexico Border.

Neighborhood factors and the built environment (e.g., sidewalks, bike lanes and public transportation) are important social determinants of mental health.

Examining Lung Cancer Screening Uptake in the United States: Recent Research and Limitations of Public-Use Data.

Eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening (LCS) were updated by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services in 2022 following an updated recommendation from the United States Preventive Services Task Force. Recently, research has examined LCS use in the United States following this change, which centered on lowering the age to begin screening from 55 to 50 years and the smoking history threshold from 30 to 20 pack-years. These studies, including the accompanying article from Gudina and colleagues, have used the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System data, which are publicly available and nationally representative.

The Role of Double-Zero-Event Studies in Evidence Synthesis: Evaluating Robustness Using the Fragility Index.

Rationale: Zero-event counts are common in clinical studies, particularly when assessing rare adverse events. These occurrences can result from low event rates, short follow-up periods, and small sample sizes. When both intervention and control groups report zero events in a clinical trial, the study is referred to as a double-zero-event study, which presents methodological challenges for evidence synthesis.

Cohort and Gender Differences in Stability Over Five Years Among Mexican-Origin Caregivers to Older Adults Living With Cognitive Impairment.

The current study examines cohort (i.e., Generation X, Baby Boomers, and Silent Generation) and gender differences in the stability of Mexican-origin family caregivers over time.

Achieving excellence in paediatric cardiac care in resource limited and resource plentiful settings and building successful care networks across different countries.

Background: The delivery of paediatric cardiac care across the world occurs in settings with significant variability in available resources. Irrespective of the resources locally available, we must always strive to improve the quality of care we provide to our patients and simultaneously deliver such care in the most efficient and cost-effective manner. The development of cardiac networks is used widely to achieve these aims.

Intergenerational Relationships and Family Support: Implications for Health and Wellbeing.

This review summarizes research projects supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) that have contributed scholarship on intergenerational relationships and support provided to older adults that frequently precedes, and is often complementary to, intensive caregiving. We review NIA-supported projects that have almost exclusively focused on intergenerational relationships and involved primary data collections, and others making use of omnibus aging and family studies that have allowed a variety of investigations on this topic. Where the former set of studies has generated deeply phenotypic analyses-comprehensive fine-grained analyses of relational data in specialized samples-the latter set has focused on analyses of secondary data, often from national samples which include information on intergenerational relationships.

Exploring Predictors of Treatment Response to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Smoking Cessation.

Introduction: Understanding predictors of smoking cessation medication efficacy facilitates the ability to enhance treatment effectiveness. In our pilot trial, exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, adjunct to nicotine patch improved smoking abstinence compared to nicotine patch alone. This secondary analysis explores potential baseline characteristics associated with differential treatment response to exenatide.

Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Survey Assessment of Current Practices Across Children's Oncology Group Institutions.

Introduction: While clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for pediatric oncology infection prophylaxis and management exist, few data describe actual management occurring at pediatric oncology centers.

Methods: An electronic survey querying infection management practices in nontransplant pediatric oncology patients was iteratively created by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Cancer Control and Supportive Care Infectious Diseases Subcommittee and sent to leaders at all COG institutions, limiting each site to one response to represent their institution.

Results: The response rate was 57% (129/227 institutions).

Doxycycline Versus Vancomycin for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Acute Pulmonary Exacerbations in People With Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: Among people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), methicillin-resistant (MRSA)-associated acute pulmonary exacerbations (APEs) have been increasing in prevalence and can cause rapid declines in lung function and increased mortality. Fortunately, since 2019, incidence has started to decline.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if doxycycline has comparable efficacy to vancomycin for the treatment of APEs in PwCF.

Determinants of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among men who have sex with men (MSM) living in rural areas of the United States: A scoping review framed by the PrEP care continuum.

Background: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective intervention to prevent HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite its effectiveness, PrEP uptake and adherence among MSM in the United States remain suboptimal, particularly in rural areas.

Objective: The present study presents a scoping review of the self-reported barriers and facilitators of PrEP use among MSM living in rural areas of the United States.

Sexualized drug use factors among rural sexual minority men.

Purpose: Although rural sexual minority men (SMM) use substances immediately before/during sex (i.e., sexualized drug use), the factors contributing to this behavior are unknown.

Treatment of Acne With a 1726 nm Laser, Air Cooling, and Real-Time Temperature Monitoring, Software-Assisted Power Adjustment to Achieve a Temperature Endpoint With Selective Sebaceous Gland Photothermolysis.

Objectives: This work highlights the methods used to develop a multi-pulse 1726 nm laser system combined with bulk air-cooling for selective sebaceous gland (SG) photothermolysis using thermal imaging and software algorithms. This approach enables treating to a desired tissue temperature and depth to provide a safe, effective, reproducible, and durable treatment of acne.

Methods: We designed and built a 1726 nm laser system with a 40 W maximum power output, a highly controlled air-cooling device, and a thermal camera in the handpiece, which permits real-time temperature monitoring of the epidermis.

Shift work schedules alter immune cell regulation and accelerate cognitive impairment during aging.

Background: Disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle and other circadian rhythms typically precede the age-related deficits in learning and memory, suggesting that these alterations in circadian timekeeping may contribute to the progressive cognitive decline during aging. The present study examined the role of immune cell activation and inflammation in the link between circadian rhythm dysregulation and cognitive impairment in aging.

Methods: C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to shifted light-dark (LD) cycles (12 h advance/5d) during early adulthood (from ≈ 4-6mo) or continuously to a "fixed" LD12:12 schedule.