Antibiotic Prescriptions in Lung Cancer and Melanoma Populations: Differences With Potential Clinical Implications in the Immunotherapy Era.

Introduction: Antibiotic exposure is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We analyzed antibiotic prescription patterns in lung cancer and melanoma, two malignancies in which ICI are used broadly across stages.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults in the U.

In It for the Long Haul: Post-Acute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused immeasurable clinical, economic, and societal challenges for the world since early 2020. Intense focus has been placed on determining evidence-based acute management of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as accelerating vaccination efforts for those eligible to receive it. As patients recover from infection, many are left with long-term symptoms, known as "Long COVID" or "Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID19," that challenges the ability to fully recover, return to baseline health status, and regain quality of life.

A retrospective chart review to determine the safety and efficacy of prazosin for nightmares related to posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of prazosin for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related nightmares in veterans and to analyze subgroup benefit/risk to guide prescribing.

Methods: Patients with a previous prescription for prazosin between 1 June 2007 and 30 June 2017 were collected from the institution's electronic records. Efficacy (including nightmare frequency, and clinical PTSD rating scales) and safety (including blood pressure) data were retrospectively analyzed.

CNS Anticancer Drug Discovery and Development Conference White Paper.

Following the first CNS Anticancer Drug Discovery and Development Conference, the speakers from the first 4 sessions and organizers of the conference created this White Paper hoping to stimulate more and better CNS anticancer drug discovery and development. The first part of the White Paper reviews, comments, and, in some cases, expands on the 4 session areas critical to new drug development: pharmacological challenges, recent drug approaches, drug targets and discovery, and clinical paths. Following this concise review of the science and clinical aspects of new CNS anticancer drug discovery and development, we discuss, under the rubric "Accelerating Drug Discovery and Development for Brain Tumors," further reasons why the pharmaceutical industry and academia have failed to develop new anticancer drugs for CNS malignancies and what it will take to change the current status quo and develop the drugs so desperately needed by our patients with malignant CNS tumors.

Involvement of autophagy induction in penta-1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose-induced senescence-like growth arrest in human cancer cells.

Growing evidence has demonstrated that autophagy plays important and paradoxical roles in carcinogenesis, while senescence is considered to be a crucial tumor-suppressor mechanism in cancer prevention and treatment. In the present study we demonstrated that both autophagy and senescence were induced in response to penta-1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG), a chemopreventive polyphonolic compound, in multiple types of cancer cells. Analysis of these 2 events over the experimental time course indicated that autophagy and senescence occurred in parallel early in the process and dissociated later.

Evaluation of dosage form information provided in pediatric drug trial reports.

This report is the first to replicate the earlier findings of Standing et al and validates the inadequacy of reporting of dosage forms used in pediatric drug trials. Journal authors should provide and journal editors should require adequate dosage form information for published reports of pediatric drug trials. We also recommend that compounding pharmacists provide detailed compounding instructions to assure that extemporaneously compounded formulations can be reliably reproduced, and that quality-control data be provided to support formulation stability.

Clinician beliefs about opioid use and barriers in chronic nonmalignant pain.

A survey of the medical directors of multidisciplinary pain clinics and multidisciplinary pain centers listed in the American Pain Society Pain Facilities Directory was conducted to define those pain specialists' beliefs about the role of opioid analgesia in 14 types of chronic nonmalignant pain. Respondents also reported their perceptions of barriers to their prescribing opioids for chronic nonmalignant pain and what they perceived as barriers to opioid prescribing for chronic nonmalignant pain by other, non-pain specialist clinicians in their communities. The respondents are characterized by demographics, disciplines, specialties, and time in practice.

Thrombolytic fibrin specificity influences activated partial thromboplastin time prolongation in vitro.

Despite limited comparative data, guidelines suggest the same concomitant unfractionated heparin (UFH) dose for all fibrin-specific thrombolytic agents in acute myocardial infarction. Since a supratherapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) correlates with adverse outcomes, clarifying effects of various agents on aPTT are needed. The present in vitro study evaluated the influence of alteplase (rt-PA), reteplase (r-PA), and tenecteplase (TNK) on aPTT prolongation.

A review of class III antiarrhythmic agents for atrial fibrillation: maintenance of normal sinus rhythm.

A noteworthy shift from class I to class III antiarrhythmic agents for suppression of atrial fibrillation has occurred. Sotalol, amiodarone, and dofetilide have been evaluated for their ability to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. All of these agents are moderately effective; however, amiodarone appears to be most efficacious.

A review of available fibrin-specific thrombolytic agents used in acute myocardial infarction.

Thrombolytic agents are a first-line therapeutic option for establishing coronary artery patency in acute myocardial infarction. Three fibrin-specific thrombolytics--alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase--are available in the United States and have undergone preliminary patency trials and large randomized, comparative, survival studies. Patency rates differ among them, although overall mortality benefit is similar.

Palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis.

Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, has been approved by the FDA to prevent severe lower respiratory tract infections caused by RSV in high-risk patients. Prophylaxis of RSV infections with palivizumab requires monthly injections (15 mg/kg) during the RSV season. In the IMpact-RSV study, hospitalizations resulting from RSV decreased by 55% in the palivizumab treatment group.