Distinct mtDNA lineages in free-ranging (aoudad) from the United States indicate multiple introductions from northern Africa.

Translocation records indicate aoudad () populations in the United States are a product of multiple human-mediated introductions. Two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome , cytb; displacement loop, D loop) and one nuclear gene (prion protein gene exon 3, ) were used to determine: (1) genetic variation, (2) if genetic units correspond to taxonomic designations, (3) the number and geographic origin of translocations, and (4) divergence times. Three phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and parsimony) produced similar topologies with two clades (I and II).

Iron-catalysed hydroboration of non-activated imines and nitriles: kinetic and mechanistic studies.

Iron-catalysed hydroboration of imines and nitriles has been developed under low catalyst loading (1 mol%) in the presence of HBpin. A wide scope of substrate was found to smoothly undergo hydroboration, including electron releasing/withdrawing and halogen substitution patterns and cyclic substrates which all afforded the corresponding amines in good to excellent yields. Dihydroboration of nitriles was achieved conveniently under solvent free and additive free conditions.

Deterministic and stochastic in-host tuberculosis models for bacterium-directed and host-directed therapy combination.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection can involve all immune system components and can result in different disease outcomes. The antibiotic TB drugs require strict adherence to prevent both disease relapse and mutation of drug- and multidrug-resistant strains. To overcome the constraints of pathogen-directed therapy, host-directed therapy has attracted more attention in recent years as an adjunct therapy to enhance host immunity to fight against this intractable pathogen.

Pathways to fluorescence restriction of intramolecular motion in substituted tetraphenylethylenes.

The design of materials with enhanced luminescence properties is a fast-developing field due to the potential applicability of these materials as light-emitting diodes or for bioimaging. A transparent way to enhance the emission properties of interesting molecular candidates is blocking competing and unproductive non-radiative relaxation pathways by the restriction of intramolecular motions. Rationalized functionalization is an important possibility to achieve such restrictions.

Integrated morpho-biochemical and transcriptome analyses reveal multidimensional response of upland cotton ( L.) to low temperature stress during seedling establishment.

Cotton is a tropical/subtropical crop and is innately susceptible to cold. Using an approach that integrates morphological, biochemical, and transcriptome analyses, the study aimed to understand the molecular underpinnings of phenotypic adjustments in cotton seedlings under cold stress. Exposure of six cotton accessions to 15°C during the seedling stage significantly reduced chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, plant height, and biomass, but increased malondialdehyde and proline production.

Competitive survival in a devastated industry: Evidence from hotels during COVID-19.

In the face of COVID-19, the federal government scrambled to provide emergency funding to businesses, but did not always take into account the heterogeneous nature of firms, especially within industries. Using the lodging industry as the application, this article shows that businesses' failure risk in a pandemic depends on a business' native ability to adapt to changing safety needs, in particular its ability to provide a socially distanced environment. Hotels not well suited to social distancing-for example, destination-type hotels with large gathering spaces and many personalized services-offered deeper price discounts or closed down altogether during the pandemic.

Atmospheric Carbon and Transport - America (ACT-America) Data Sets: Description, Management, and Delivery.

The ACT-America project is a NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-2 mission designed to study the transport and fluxes of greenhouse gases. The open and freely available ACT-America data sets provide airborne in situ measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, trace gases, aerosols, clouds, and meteorological properties, airborne remote sensing measurements of aerosol backscatter, atmospheric boundary layer height and columnar content of atmospheric carbon dioxide, tower-based measurements, and modeled atmospheric mole fractions and regional carbon fluxes of greenhouse gases over the Central and Eastern United States. We conducted 121 research flights during five campaigns in four seasons during 2016-2019 over three regions of the US (Mid-Atlantic, Midwest and South) using two NASA research aircraft (B-200 and C-130).

The Federal Reserve's response to the COVID-19 contraction: An initial appraisal.

We provide an initial assessment of the Federal Reserve's policy response to the COVID-19 contraction. We briefly review the historical episode and consider the standard textbook treatment of a pandemic on the macroeconomy. We summarize and then evaluate the Fed's monetary and emergency lending policies through the end of 2020.

The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species.

The cosmopolitan subfamily Acidocerinae (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) is one of the largest and most taxonomically challenging lineages of water scavenger beetles. Recent phylogenetic studies have substantially advanced our understanding of acidocerine relationships but also illuminated the twin challenges of poorly delineated generic concepts and a classification broadly incompatible with the phylogeny. Here, these two challenges are addressed by providing a comprehensive synthesis and taxonomic tools for the Acidocerinae, including (1) a brief history and the current state of acidocerine classification, (2) a review of acidocerine ecology and collection methods, (3) the current knowledge of larval and fossil acidocerines, (4) a morphological primer on characters of taxonomic and systematic importance within the lineage, (5) a key to the world genera of Acidocerinae, (6) diagnoses, habitus, and aedeagal images, distribution maps, and summary of knowledge for each of the 23 extant genera in the subfamily, and (7) a complete annotated taxonomic catalog including the published distributions, synonyms, and references for all described 541 acidocerine species recognized as of 1 April 2021.

Palladium-catalyzed direct asymmetric C-H bond functionalization enabled by the directing group strategy.

In the past decade, selective C-C and C-heteroatom bond construction through palladium-catalyzed direct C-H bond functionalization has been extensively studied by employing a variety of directing groups. Within this category, direct asymmetric C(sp)-H and C(sp)-H activation for the construction of highly enantiomerically enriched skeletons still progressed at a slow pace. This minireview briefly introduces the major advances in the field for palladium-catalyzed direct asymmetric C-H bond functionalization the directing group strategy.

The political economy of the COVID-19 pandemic.

We argue that the policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic by all levels of government around the world is not consistent with recommendations from standard welfare economics. Thus, it is important to ask why such policies have been adopted. That opens the door to examining the political economy of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Review of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Short & García, 2007 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae): new lineages, new species, and new records.

The water scavenger beetle genus Short & García, 2007 currently contains ten species, including one known but formally undescribed taxon. Although was revised in 2017, ongoing fieldwork as well as an expanded concept of the genus has led to the recognition of numerous additional species. Here a combination of morphological and molecular data is presented to review this newly found diversity.

Social Support and Depressive Symptoms among Trauma-Impacted Older Adults.

: The present study investigates the association between social support and depressive symptomatology among older adults who have been impacted by trauma. Previous studies have not sufficiently explored this topic to date.: The current study analyzed public-use data from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study ( = 4,195), focusing specifically on community-dwelling older adults (> 50).

Body mass and hibernation microclimate may predict bat susceptibility to white-nose syndrome.

In multihost disease systems, differences in mortality between species may reflect variation in host physiology, morphology, and behavior. In systems where the pathogen can persist in the environment, microclimate conditions, and the adaptation of the host to these conditions, may also impact mortality. White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease of hibernating bats caused by an environmentally persistent fungus, .

Direct Dynamics Simulations of the CH + O Reaction at High Temperature.

Direct dynamics simulations with the M06/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory were performed to study the CH + O reaction at 1000 K temperature on the ground state singlet surface. The reaction is complex with formation of many different product channels in highly exothermic reactions. CO, CO, HO, OH, H, O, H, and HCO are the products formed from the reaction.

From panic to pedagogy: Using online active learning to promote inclusive instruction in ecology and evolutionary biology courses and beyond.

The rapid shift to online teaching in spring 2020 meant most of us were teaching in panic mode. As we move forward with course planning for fall and beyond, we can invest more time and energy into improving the online experience for our students. We advocate that instructors use inclusive teaching practices, specifically through active learning, in their online classes.

A targeted sequence capture array for phylogenetics and population genomics in the Salicaceae.

Premise: The family Salicaceae has proved taxonomically challenging, especially in the genus , which is speciose and features frequent hybridization and polyploidy. Past efforts to reconstruct the phylogeny with molecular barcodes have failed to resolve the species relationships of many sections of the genus.

Methods: We used the wealth of sequence data in the family to design sequence capture probes to target regions of 300-1200 bp of exonic regions of 972 genes.

Carotane sesquiterpenes from : analysis as SARS-CoV-2 binding inhibitors.

Two sesquiterpenes, 8α-anisate-dauc-4-ene-3,9-dione (webiol anisate) (1) and 10α-acetoxy-6α-benzoate-jaeschkeanadiol (2) as well as, ten known analogues (3-10), and two sesquiterpene coumarins (11-12) were isolated from an organic root extract of (Fam. Apiaceae). Chemical structures were elucidated based on IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR and HRMS, spectroscopic analyses.

Tandem microfluidic chip isolation of prostate and breast cancer cells from simulated liquid biopsies using CD71 as an affinity ligand.

The use of blood as a liquid biopsy provides a minimally invasive and less traumatic approach for initial cancer screens as well as patient monitoring. However, current clinical protocols require knowledge of cancer type for liquid biopsy analyses. Previously, we proposed the use of the human transferrin 1 receptor protein (CD71) as a universal capture target for cancer cells analyses.

Variability and distribution of the golden-headed weevil (Say) (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Eustylini).

Background: The golden-headed weevil is a native and fairly widespread species across the southern U.S.A.

Strategies for reducing per-sample costs in target capture sequencing for phylogenomics and population genomics in plants.

The reduced cost of high-throughput sequencing and the development of gene sets with wide phylogenetic applicability has led to the rise of sequence capture methods as a plausible platform for both phylogenomics and population genomics in plants. An important consideration in large targeted sequencing projects is the per-sample cost, which can be inflated when using off-the-shelf kits or reagents not purchased in bulk. Here, we discuss methods to reduce per-sample costs in high-throughput targeted sequencing projects.